1
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Chen Y, Lin X, Liu X, Liu Y, Bui-Le L, Blakney AK, Yeow J, Zhu Y, Stevens MM, Shattock RJ, Chen R, Brogan APS, Hallett JP. Thermally Robust Solvent-Free Liquid Polyplexes for Heat-Shock Protection and Long-Term Room Temperature Storage of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2965-2972. [PMID: 38682378 PMCID: PMC11094731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics have attracted recent attention as promising preventative solutions for a broad range of diseases. Nonviral delivery vectors, such as cationic polymers, improve the cellular uptake of nucleic acids without suffering the drawbacks of viral delivery vectors. However, these delivery systems are faced with a major challenge for worldwide deployment, as their poor thermal stability elicits the need for cold chain transportation. Here, we demonstrate a biomaterial strategy to drastically improve the thermal stability of DNA polyplexes. Importantly, we demonstrate long-term room temperature storage with a transfection efficiency maintained for at least 9 months. Additionally, extreme heat shock studies show retained luciferase expression after heat treatment at 70 °C. We therefore provide a proof of concept for a platform biotechnology that could provide long-term room temperature storage for temperature-sensitive nucleic acid therapeutics, eliminating the need for the cold chain, which in turn would reduce the cost of distributing life-saving therapeutics worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Xuhan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Shenzhen
University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical
Academy, Shenzhen University, No. 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Liem Bui-Le
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Anna K. Blakney
- Department
of Infectious Disease, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1NY, U.K.
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, Michael Smith
Laboratories, 2185 East
Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, SW7 2AZ London, South Kensington, U.K.
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- School
of
Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji
University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering at Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd, SW7 2AZ London, South Kensington, U.K.
| | - Robin J. Shattock
- Department
of Infectious Disease, Imperial College
London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1NY, U.K.
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Alex P. S. Brogan
- Department
of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, U.K.
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
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2
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Xiang K, Li Y, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Peptide-based non-viral gene delivery: A comprehensive review of the advances and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131194. [PMID: 38554914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is the most effective treatment option for diseases, but its effectiveness is affected by the choice and design of gene carriers. The genes themselves have to pass through multiple barriers in order to enter the cell and therefore require additional vectors to carry them inside the cell. In gene therapy, peptides have unique properties and potential as gene carriers, which can effectively deliver genes into specific cells or tissues, protect genes from degradation, improve gene transfection efficiency, and enhance gene targeting and biological responsiveness. This paper reviews the research progress of peptides and their derivatives in the field of gene delivery recently, describes the obstacles encountered by foreign materials to enter the interior of the cell, and introduces the following classes of functional peptides that can carry materials into the interior of the cell, and assist in transmembrane translocation of carriers, thus breaking through endosomal traps to enable successful entry of genetic materials into the nucleus of the cell. The paper also discusses the combined application of peptide vectors with other vectors to enhance its transfection ability, explores current challenges encountered by peptide vectors, and looks forward to future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bio nanoengineering, and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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3
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Cho SY, Lee YJ, Jung SM, Son YM, Shin CG, Kim ET, Kim KD. Establishment of a Dual-Vector System for Gene Delivery Utilizing Prototype Foamy Virus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:804-811. [PMID: 38379304 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Foamy viruses (FVs) are generally recognized as non-pathogenic, often causing asymptomatic or mild symptoms in infections. Leveraging these unique characteristics, FV vectors hold significant promise for applications in gene therapy. This study introduces a novel platform technology using a pseudo-virus with single-round infectivity. In contrast to previous vector approaches, we developed a technique employing only two vectors, pcHFV lacking Env and pCMV-Env, to introduce the desired genes into target cells. Our investigation demonstrated the efficacy of the prototype foamy virus (PFV) dual-vector system in producing viruses and delivering transgenes into host cells. To optimize viral production, we incorporated the codon-optimized Env (optEnv) gene in pCMV-Env and the Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Posttranscriptional Regulatory Element (WPRE) at the 3' end of the transgene in the transfer vector. Consequently, the use of optEnv led to a significant enhancement in transgene expression in host cells. Additionally, the WPRE exhibited an enhancing effect. Furthermore, the introduced EGFP transgene was present in host cells for a month. In an effort to expand transgene capacity, we further streamlined the viral vector, anticipating the delivery of approximately 4.3 kbp of genes through our PFV dual-vector system. This study underscores the potential of PFVs as an alternative to lentiviruses or other retroviruses in the realm of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Drug Development, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mook Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Tae Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Drug Development, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Dong Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea
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4
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Karthik S, Mohan S, Magesh I, Bharathy A, Kolipaka R, Ganesamoorthi S, Sathiya K, Shanmugavadivu A, Gurunathan R, Selvamurugan N. Chitosan nanocarriers for non-coding RNA therapeutics: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130361. [PMID: 38395284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-based therapies entail delivering ncRNAs to cells to regulate gene expression and produce proteins that combat infections, cancer, neurological diseases, and bone abnormalities. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of these ncRNAs has been limited due to the difficulties in delivering them to specific cellular targets within the body. Chitosan (CS), a biocompatible cationic polymer, interacts with negatively charged RNA molecules to form stable complexes. It is a promising biomaterial to develop nanocarriers for ncRNA delivery, overcoming several disadvantages of traditional delivery systems. CS-based nanocarriers can protect ncRNAs from degradation and target-specific delivery by surface modifications and intracellular release profiles over an extended period. This review briefly summarizes the recent developments in CS nanocarriers' synthesis and design considerations and their applications in ncRNA therapeutics for treating various diseases. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of CS-based nanocarriers for ncRNA therapeutics and potential strategies for overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sahithya Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Induja Magesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashok Bharathy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rushil Kolipaka
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinidhi Ganesamoorthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sathiya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghav Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Gholap AD, Kapare HS, Pagar S, Kamandar P, Bhowmik D, Vishwakarma N, Raikwar S, Garkal A, Mehta TA, Rojekar S, Hatvate N, Mohanto S. Exploring modified chitosan-based gene delivery technologies for therapeutic advancements. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129581. [PMID: 38266848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
One of the critical steps in gene therapy is the successful delivery of the genes. Immunogenicity and toxicity are major issues for viral gene delivery systems. Thus, non-viral vectors are explored. A cationic polysaccharide like chitosan could be used as a nonviral gene delivery vector owing to its significant interaction with negatively charged nucleic acid and biomembrane, providing effective cellular uptake. However, the native chitosan has issues of targetability, unpacking ability, and solubility along with poor buffer capability, hence requiring modifications for effective use in gene delivery. Modified chitosan has shown that the "proton sponge effect" involved in buffering the endosomal pH results in osmotic swelling owing to the accumulation of a greater amount of proton and chloride along with water. The major challenges include limited exploration of chitosan as a gene carrier, the availability of high-purity chitosan for toxicity reduction, and its immunogenicity. The genetic drugs are in their infancy phase and require further exploration for effective delivery of nucleic acid molecules as FDA-approved marketed formulations soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harshad S Kapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sakshi Pagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Pallavi Kamandar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Deblina Bhowmik
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India
| | - Nikhar Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmacy, Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur 482003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sarjana Raikwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Tejal A Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujrat, India
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Navnath Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, India.
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
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6
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Kabil MF, Badary OA, Bier F, Mousa SA, El-Sherbiny IM. A comprehensive review on lipid nanocarrier systems for cancer treatment: fabrication, future prospects and clinical trials. J Liposome Res 2024; 34:135-177. [PMID: 37144339 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2204372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, cancer has been considered a clinical challenge, being among the leading causes of mortality all over the world. Although many treatment approaches have been developed for cancer, chemotherapy is still the most utilized in the clinical setting. However, the available chemotherapeutics-based treatments have several caveats including their lack of specificity, adverse effects as well as cancer relapse and metastasis which mainly explains the low survival rate of patients. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been utilized as promising nanocarrier systems for chemotherapeutics to overcome the challenges of the currently applied therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. Loading chemotherapeutic agent(s) into LNPs improves drug delivery at different aspects including specific targeting of tumours, and enhancing the bioavailability of drugs at the tumour site through selective release of their payload, thus reducing their undesired side effects on healthy cells. This review article delineates an overview of the clinical challenges in many cancer treatments as well as depicts the role of LNPs in achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the review contains a comprehensive description of the many LNPs categories used as nanocarriers in cancer treatment to date, as well as the potential of LNPs for future applications in other areas of medicine and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fawzi Kabil
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama A Badary
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Shorouk City, Egypt
| | - Frank Bier
- AG Molekulare Bioanalytik und Bioelektronik, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Universität Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, Potsdam (OT Golm), Germany
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomedicine Research Labs, Center for Materials Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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7
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Ajam-Hosseini M, Akhoondi F, Doroudian M. Nano Based-Oncolytic viruses for Cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 185:103980. [PMID: 37001838 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) are an attractive prospect due to their dual attack mechanism of direct cell lysis and potentiation of an antitumor immune response. Various oncolytic viral vectors are used in oncotherapy clinical trials, and one of their main problems is elimination by the reticuloendothelial system during systemic delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) have received much attention in clinical trials due to their unique appearance characteristics, but they have created challenges due to the non-specificity of drug delivery to the target tissue and its elimination in blood circulation. In this regard, to increase the efficiency of nanoparticles in drug delivery, various chemical modifications can be applied to the surface of nanoparticles. To improve the performance of these two treatment options, the complex strategy of OVs encapsulated with nanoparticles can be used, which has brought successful clinical results in the treatment of various cancers. Here we will review each of the treatment methods and their functional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarakeh Ajam-Hosseini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Akhoondi
- Department of Molecular Biology of The Cell, Faculty of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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8
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Mehmood S, Aslam S, Dilshad E, Ismail H, Khan AN. Transforming Diagnosis and Therapeutics Using Cancer Genomics. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 185:15-47. [PMID: 37306902 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In past quarter of the century, much has been understood about the genetic variation and abnormal genes that activate cancer in humans. All the cancers somehow possess alterations in the DNA sequence of cancer cell's genome. In present, we are heading toward the era where it is possible to obtain complete genome of the cancer cells for their better diagnosis, categorization and to explore treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabba Mehmood
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Shaista Aslam
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Erum Dilshad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST) Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Departments of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat (UOG) Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Amna Naheed Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Capital University of Science and Technology (CUST) Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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9
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Viegas JSR, Bentley MVLB, Vicentini FTMDC. Challenges to perform an efficiently gene therapy adopting non-viral vectors: Melanoma landscape. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Preparation and characterization of magnetic PEG-PEI-PLA-PEI-PEG/FeO4-PCL/DNA micelles for gene delivery into MCF-7 cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Appraisal for the Potential of Viral and Nonviral Vectors in Gene Therapy: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081370. [PMID: 36011281 PMCID: PMC9407213 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, gene therapy has gained immense importance in medical research as a promising treatment strategy for diseases such as cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, and many genetic disorders. When a gene needs to be delivered to a target cell inside the human body, it has to pass a large number of barriers through the extracellular and intracellular environment. This is why the delivery of naked genes and nucleic acids is highly unfavorable, and gene delivery requires suitable vectors that can carry the gene cargo to the target site and protect it from biological degradation. To date, medical research has come up with two types of gene delivery vectors, which are viral and nonviral vectors. The ability of viruses to protect transgenes from biological degradation and their capability to efficiently cross cellular barriers have allowed gene therapy research to develop new approaches utilizing viruses and their different genomes as vectors for gene delivery. Although viral vectors are very efficient, science has also come up with numerous nonviral systems based on cationic lipids, cationic polymers, and inorganic particles that provide sustainable gene expression without triggering unwanted inflammatory and immune reactions, and that are considered nontoxic. In this review, we discuss in detail the latest data available on all viral and nonviral vectors used in gene delivery. The mechanisms of viral and nonviral vector-based gene delivery are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of all types of vectors are also given.
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12
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Vaidya S, Jeengar MK, Wadaan MA, Mahboob S, Kumar P, Reece LM, Bathula SR, Dutta M. Design and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Cationic Lipids for siRNA Delivery in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9231641. [PMID: 35707479 PMCID: PMC9192290 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9231641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality in Western nations, with a terrible prognosis. Many studies show that siRNA plays a role in the development of tumors by acting as a tumor suppressor and apoptosis inhibitor or both. siRNAs may be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. Antisurvivin siRNA was chosen as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment because it directly targets survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, that causes cell death. However, siRNA-based treatment has significant limitations, including a lack of tissue selectivity, a lack of effective delivery mechanisms, low cellular absorption, and the possibility of systemic toxicity. To address some of these issues, we provide a siRNA delivery method based on cationic lipids. In the recent past, cationic liposomes have displayed that they offer a remarkable perspective in proficient siRNA delivery. The presence of a positive charge plays a vital role in firm extracellular siRNA binding along with active intracellular siRNA separation and low biological adversities. Consequently, the methods for developing innovative cationic lipids through rendering and utilization of appropriate positive charges would certainly be helpful for benign and effective siRNA delivery. In the current study, an effort was made to synthesize a 3,4-dimethoxyaniline lipid (DMA) to improve the effectiveness and protection of successful siRNA delivery. DMA cationic lipid successfully delivered survivin siRNA that reduced the survivin mRNA expression, indicating the possibility of utilizing siRNA therapeutics for breast cancer. It is expected that this innovative quaternary amine-based liposome can open up new avenues in the process of developing an easy and extensively used platform for siRNA delivery. Cationic lipoplexes, a potential carrier system for siRNA-based therapies in the treatment of breast cancer, were proven by our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vaidya
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Manish Kumar Jeengar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, AIMS Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Integrated Regional Office, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, Saifabad, Hyderabad 500004, Telangana, India
| | - Lisa M. Reece
- Reece Life Science Consulting Service, 819 N Amburn Rd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Surender Reddy Bathula
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Centre for Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Mycal Dutta
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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13
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Zhang Q, Hou D, Wen X, Xin M, Li Z, Wu L, Pathak JL. Gold nanomaterials for oral cancer diagnosis and therapy: Advances, challenges, and prospects. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100333. [PMID: 35774196 PMCID: PMC9237953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer are vital for patient survival. Since the oral cavity accommodates the second largest and most diverse microbiome community after the gut, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches with low invasiveness and minimal damage to surrounding tissues are keys to preventing clinical intervention-related infections. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in the research of cancer diagnosis and therapy due to their excellent properties such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface plasma resonance, controlled synthesis, the plasticity of surface morphology, biological safety, and stability. AuNPs had been used in oral cancer detection reagents, tumor-targeted therapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and other combination therapies for oral cancer. AuNPs-based noninvasive diagnosis and precise treatments further reduce the clinical intervention-related infections. This review is focused on the recent advances in research and application of AuNPs for early screening, diagnostic typing, drug delivery, photothermal therapy, radiotherapy sensitivity treatment, and combination therapy of oral cancer. Distinctive reports from the literature are summarized to highlight the latest advances in the development and application of AuNPs in oral cancer diagnosis and therapy. Finally, this review points out the challenges and prospects of possible applications of AuNPs in oral cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China.,Laboratory for Myology, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dan Hou
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xueying Wen
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Mengyu Xin
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Ziling Li
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, 510182, China
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Arienti C, Dominici M, Stella F, Martinelli G, Fabbri F. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Their Interplay with Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs): A New World of Targets and Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102408. [PMID: 35626011 PMCID: PMC9139858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The world of small molecules in solid tumors as cancer stem cells (CSCs), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) continues to be under-debated, but not of minor interest in recent decades. One of the main problems in regard to cancer is the development of tumor recurrence, even in the early stages, in addition to drug resistance and, consequently, ineffective or an incomplete response against the tumor. The findings behind this resistance are probably justified by the presence of small molecules such as CSCs, CTCs and CAFs connected with the tumor microenvironment, which may influence the aggressiveness and the metastatic process. The mechanisms, connections, and molecular pathways behind them are still unknown. Our review would like to represent an important step forward to highlight the roles of these molecules and the possible connections among them. Abstract The importance of defining new molecules to fight cancer is of significant interest to the scientific community. In particular, it has been shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity; on the other side, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) seem to split away from the primary tumor and appear in the circulatory system as singular units or clusters. It is becoming more and more important to discover new biomarkers related to these populations of cells in combination to define the network among them and the tumor microenvironment. In particular, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor microenvironment with different functions, including matrix deposition and remodeling, extensive reciprocal signaling interactions with cancer cells and crosstalk with immunity. The settings of new markers and the definition of the molecular connections may present new avenues, not only for fighting cancer but also for the definition of more tailored therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41122 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.A.); (G.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41122 Modena, Italy; (V.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Franco Stella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forlì, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.A.); (G.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (C.A.); (G.M.); (F.F.)
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15
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O’Leary B, Yeoh K. The Oncologist of the Future. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:578-580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Microfluidic Synthesis and Purification of Magnetoliposomes for Potential Applications in the Gastrointestinal Delivery of Difficult-to-Transport Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020315. [PMID: 35214047 PMCID: PMC8877506 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained significant attention in several applications for drug delivery. However, there are some issues related to cell penetration, especially in the transport of cargoes that show limited membrane passing. A widely studied strategy to overcome this problem is the encapsulation of the MNPs into liposomes to form magnetoliposomes (MLPs), which are capable of fusing with membranes to achieve high delivery rates. This study presents a low-cost microfluidic approach for the synthesis and purification of MLPs and their biocompatibility and functional testing via hemolysis, platelet aggregation, cytocompatibility, internalization, and endosomal escape assays to determine their potential application in gastrointestinal delivery. The results show MLPs with average hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 137 ± 17 nm to 787 ± 45 nm with acceptable polydispersity index (PDI) values (below 0.5). In addition, we achieved encapsulation efficiencies between 20% and 90% by varying the total flow rates (TFRs), flow rate ratios (FRRs), and MNPs concentration. Moreover, remarkable biocompatibility was attained with the obtained MLPs in terms of hemocompatibility (hemolysis below 1%), platelet aggregation (less than 10% with respect to PBS 1×), and cytocompatibility (cell viability higher than 80% in AGS and Vero cells at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL). Additionally, promising delivery results were obtained, as evidenced by high internalization, low endosomal entrapment (AGS cells: PCC of 0.28 and covered area of 60% at 0.5 h and PCC of 0.34 and covered area of 99% at 4 h), and negligible nuclear damage and DNA condensation. These results confirm that the developed microfluidic devices allow high-throughput production of MLPs for potential encapsulation and efficient delivery of nanostructured cell-penetrating agents. Nevertheless, further in vitro analysis must be carried out to evaluate the prevalent intracellular trafficking routes as well as to gain a detailed understanding of the existing interactions between nanovehicles and cells.
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Głów D, Maire CL, Schwarze LI, Lamszus K, Fehse B. CRISPR-to-Kill (C2K)-Employing the Bacterial Immune System to Kill Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246306. [PMID: 34944926 PMCID: PMC8699370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reasoning that multiple DNA breaks will trigger programmed cell death, we generated lentiviral CRISPR-to-kill (C2K) vectors targeting highly repetitive SINE sequences for cancer gene therapy. In proof-of-concept experiments, C2K-Alu-vectors selectively killed human, but not murine cell lines, and efficiently inhibited the growth of patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines resistant to high-dose irradiation. In combination with tumor-targeting approaches, the C2K system might represent a promising tool for cancer gene therapy. Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 was described as a bacterial immune system that uses targeted introduction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to destroy invaders. We hypothesized that we can analogously employ CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases to kill cancer cells by inducing maximal numbers of DSBs in their genome and thus triggering programmed cell death. To do so, we generated CRISPR-to-kill (C2K) lentiviral particles targeting highly repetitive Short Interspersed Nuclear Element-Alu sequences. Our Alu-specific sgRNA has more than 15,000 perfectly matched target sites within the human genome. C2K-Alu-vectors selectively killed human, but not murine cell lines. More importantly, they efficiently inhibited the growth of cancer cells including patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines resistant to high-dose irradiation. Our data provide proof-of-concept for the potential of C2K as a novel treatment strategy overcoming common resistance mechanisms. In combination with tumor-targeting approaches, the C2K system might therefore represent a promising tool for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Głów
- Research Department, Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.G.); (L.I.S.)
| | - Cecile L. Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.L.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Lea Isabell Schwarze
- Research Department, Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.G.); (L.I.S.)
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (C.L.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department, Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (D.G.); (L.I.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-7410-55518; Fax: +49-40-7410-55468
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18
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Ding Y, Wang C, Sun Z, Wu Y, You W, Mao Z, Wang W. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Engineered by Nonviral Vectors: A Powerful Tool in Cancer Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060913. [PMID: 34205513 PMCID: PMC8235299 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their "tumor homing" and "immune privilege" characteristics, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been proposed as a novel tool against cancer. MSCs are genetically engineered in vitro and then utilized to deliver tumoricidal agents, including prodrugs and bioactive molecules, to tumors. The genetic modification of MSCs can be achieved by various vectors, and in most cases viral vectors are used; however, viruses may be associated with carcinogenesis and immunogenicity, restricting their clinical translational potential. As such, nonviral vectors have emerged as a potential solution to address these limitations and have gradually attracted increasing attention. In this review, we briefly revisit the current knowledge about MSC-based cancer gene therapy. Then, we summarize the advantages and challenges of nonviral vectors for MSC transfection. Finally, we discuss recent advances in the development of new nonviral vectors, which have provided promising strategies to overcome obstacles in the gene modulation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yingsheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wanlu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- MOE Key Laboratory, Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-15168215834 (Z.M.); +86-0571-87783820 (W.W.)
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (Y.D.); (C.W.); (Z.S.); (Y.W.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Research Center, Diagnosis and Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Medicine Innovation Center, Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.M.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-15168215834 (Z.M.); +86-0571-87783820 (W.W.)
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Cationic Single-Chained Surfactants with a Functional Group at the End of the Hydrophobic Tail DNA Compacting Efficiency. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040589. [PMID: 33924284 PMCID: PMC8074900 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between calf-thymus DNA, ctDNA, and various single-chained surfactants with different functional groups at the end of hydrophobic tail was studied with the goal of investigating the influence of the functional group nature on surfactant DNA compacting efficiency. The surfactants investigated were dodecyltriethylammonium bromide (DTEABr), triethyl(1-phenoxydodecyl)ammonium bromide (12PhBr), triethyl(2-naphthoxydodecyl)ammonium bromide (12NBr) and 11-(isonicotinoyloxy)-N,N,N-triethyl-1-undecanaminium bromide (11PyBr). Results made evident that the surfactants' tendencies to self-aggregation is the key factor determining their efficiency to compact the nucleic acid. Subsequently, DOPE/12NBr/pEGFP-C1 lipoplexes, with different cationic surfactant molar fractions (α) and mass ratios (L/D), were prepared and characterized. DOPE is a zwitterionic phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and the plasmid pEGFP-C1 carries a GFP coding sequence with the necessary regulatory elements for constitutive expression of the gene in human cells. 12NBr was chosen because it was the most efficient DNA compacting agent among the surfactants investigated. Finally, the cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency (TE) of DOPE/12NBr/pDNA lipoplexes, with different compositions, were investigated.
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20
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Cancer Nanopharmaceuticals: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro/In Vivo Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081896. [PMID: 33920840 PMCID: PMC8071188 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and biopharmaceutical characterization tools play a key role in the assessment of nanopharmaceuticals' potential imaging analysis and for site-specific delivery of anti-cancers to neoplastic cells/tissues. If diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches are combined in one single nanoparticle, a new platform called nanotheragnostics is generated. Several analytical technologies allow us to characterize nanopharmaceuticals and nanoparticles and their properties so that they can be properly used in cancer therapy. This paper describes the role of multifunctional nanoparticles in cancer diagnosis and treatment, describing how nanotheragnostics can be useful in modern chemotherapy, and finally, the challenges associated with the commercialization of nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
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21
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Achieving highly efficient gene transfer to the bladder by increasing the molecular weight of polymer-based nanoparticles. J Control Release 2021; 332:210-224. [PMID: 33607176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Short dwell-time and poor penetration of the bladder permeability barrier (BPB) are the main obstacles to intravesical treatments for bladder diseases, and is evidenced by the lack of such therapeutic options on the market. Herein, we demonstrate that by finely tuning the molecular weight of our cationic polymer mucoadhesive nanoparticles, we enhanced our gene transfer, leading to improved adherence and penetrance through the BPB in a safe and efficient manner. Specifically, increasing the polymer molecular weight from 45 kDa to 83 kDa enhanced luciferase plasmid transfer to the healthy murine bladder, leading to 1.35 ng/g luciferase protein expression in the urothelium and lamina propria regions. The relatively higher molecular weight polymer (83 kDa) did not induce morphologic changes or inflammatory responses in the bladder. This approach of altering polymer molecular weight for prolonging gene transfer residence time and deeper penetration through the BPB could be the basis for the design of future gene therapies for bladder diseases.
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22
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Ahmad MZ, Rizwanullah M, Ahmad J, Alasmary MY, Akhter MH, Abdel-Wahab BA, Warsi MH, Haque A. Progress in nanomedicine-based drug delivery in designing of chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1869737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Rizwanullah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Basel A. Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Musarrat Husain Warsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anzarul Haque
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University College of Pharmacy, Alkharj Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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23
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Maleki Dana P, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Chitosan applications in studying and managing osteosarcoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:321-329. [PMID: 33310094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma has a high prevalence among children and adolescents. Common treatments of this disease are not promising enough. Molecular processes involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma are not fully understood. Besides, the remnants of tumor cells after surgery can cause bone destruction and recurrence of the disease. Thus, there is a need to develop novel drugs or enhancing the currently-used drugs as well as identifying bone-repairing methods. Chitosan is a natural compound produced by the deacetylation of chitin. Research has shown that chitosan can be used in various fields due to its beneficial effects, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Regarding cancer, chitosan exerts several anti-tumor activities. Moreover, it can be used in diagnostic techniques, drug delivery systems, and cell culture methods. Herein, we aim to discuss the potential roles of chitosan in studying and treating osteosarcoma. We review the literature on chitosan's applications as a drug delivery system and how it can be combined with other substances to improve its ability of local drug delivery. We take a look into the studies concerning the possible benefits of chitosan in the field of bone tissue engineering and 3D culturing. Furthermore, anti-cancer activities of different compounds of chitosan are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Deepak P, Siddalingam R, Kumar P, Anand S, Thakur S, Jagdish B, Jaiswal S. Gene based nanocarrier delivery for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Kim J, Lee GE, Shin CG. Foamy Virus Integrase in Development of Viral Vector for Gene Therapy. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1273-1281. [PMID: 32699199 PMCID: PMC9728412 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2003.03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the broad host suitability of viral vectors and their high gene delivery capacity, many researchers are focusing on viral vector-mediated gene therapy. Among the retroviruses, foamy viruses have been considered potential gene therapy vectors because of their non-pathogenicity. To date, the prototype foamy virus is the only retrovirus that has a high-resolution structure of intasomes, nucleoprotein complexes formed by integrase, and viral DNA. The integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome is an essential step for viral vector development. This process is mediated by virally encoded integrase, which catalyzes unique chemical reactions. Additionally, recent studies on foamy virus integrase elucidated the catalytic functions of its three distinct domains and their effect on viral pathogenicity. This review focuses on recent advancements in biochemical, structural, and functional studies of foamy virus integrase for gene therapy vector research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsun Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha-Gyun Shin
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-31-670-3067 Fax: +82-31-675-3108 E-mail:
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Huang A, Pressnall MM, Lu R, Huayamares SG, Griffin JD, Groer C, DeKosky BJ, Forrest ML, Berkland CJ. Human intratumoral therapy: Linking drug properties and tumor transport of drugs in clinical trials. J Control Release 2020; 326:203-221. [PMID: 32673633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapies aim to kill tumor cells directly or engage the immune system to fight malignancy. Checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, cell-based immunotherapies, cytokines, and adjuvants have been applied to prompt the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. However, systemic exposure of cancer therapies can induce unwanted adverse events. Intratumoral administration of potent therapies utilizes small amounts of drugs, in an effort to minimize systemic exposure and off-target toxicities. Here, we discuss the properties of the tumor microenvironment and transport considerations for intratumoral drug delivery. Specifically, we consider various tumor tissue factors and physicochemical factors that can affect tumor retention after intratumoral injection. We also review approved and clinical-stage intratumoral therapies and consider how the molecular and biophysical properties (e.g. size and charge) of these therapies influences intratumoral transport (e.g. tumor retention and cellular uptake). Finally, we offer a critical review and highlight several emerging approaches to promote tumor retention and limit systemic exposure of potent intratumoral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Melissa M Pressnall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Ruolin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - J Daniel Griffin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Brandon J DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Cory J Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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Ramírez-Acosta CM, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Moreno RJ, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC, Reyes LH. PH-Responsive, Cell-Penetrating, Core/Shell Magnetite/Silver Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Plasmids: Preparation, Characterization, and Preliminary In Vitro Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E561. [PMID: 32560390 PMCID: PMC7356180 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, gene therapies have attracted much attention for the development of treatments for various conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, protein deficiencies, and autoimmune disorders. Despite the benefits of this approach, several challenges are yet to be solved to reach clinical implementation. Some of these challenges include low transfection rates, limited stability under physiological conditions, and low specificity towards the target cells. An avenue to overcome such issues is to deliver the therapies with the aid of potent cell-penetrating vectors. Non-viral vectors, such as nanostructured materials, have been successfully tested in drug and gene delivery. Here, we propose the development and in vitro evaluation of a nanostructured cell-penetrating vehicle based on core/shell, magnetite/silver nanoparticles. A subsequent conjugation of a pH-responsive polymer was used to assure that the vehicle can carry and release circular DNA. Additionally, the translocating peptide Buforin II was conjugated with the aid of a polyether amine polymer to facilitate translocation and endosome escape. The obtained nanobioconjugates (magnetite/silver-pDMAEMA-PEA-BUFII) were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM+EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). They were also encapsulated in lecithin liposomes to form magnetoliposomes. The cell viability of Vero cells in the presence of the nanobioconjugates was above 95% and declined to 80% for the magnetoliposomes. The hemolytic tendency of nanobioconjugates and magnetoliposomes was below 10%, while the platelet aggregation approached that of the negative control (i.e., 35%). Cytoplasm coverage values of about 50% for both Vero and neuroblastoma cells confirmed significant cell penetration. Pearson's correlation coefficients for both cell lines allowed us to estimate 20-40% colocalization of the nanobioconjugates with lysotracker green, which implied high levels of endosomal escape. The developed vehicles were also capable of loading around 16% of the added DNA and releasing such cargo with 8% efficiency. The developed nanoplatform holds a significant promise to enable highly efficient gene therapies as it overcomes some of the major issues associated with their eventual translation to the pre-clinical and clinical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Ramírez-Acosta
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.M.R.-A.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Rodolfo José Moreno
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.M.R.-A.); (R.J.M.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (C.M.-C.)
| | - Luis H. Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (C.M.R.-A.); (R.J.M.)
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Ilovitsh T, Feng Y, Foiret J, Kheirolomoom A, Zhang H, Ingham ES, Ilovitsh A, Tumbale SK, Fite BZ, Wu B, Raie MN, Zhang N, Kare AJ, Chavez M, Qi LS, Pelled G, Gazit D, Vermesh O, Steinberg I, Gambhir SS, Ferrara KW. Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated cytokine transfection enhances T cell recruitment at local and distant tumor sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12674-12685. [PMID: 32430322 PMCID: PMC7293655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914906117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust cytotoxic T cell infiltration has proven to be difficult to achieve in solid tumors. We set out to develop a flexible protocol to efficiently transfect tumor and stromal cells to produce immune-activating cytokines, and thus enhance T cell infiltration while debulking tumor mass. By combining ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles, membrane pores are created and facilitate a controllable and local transfection. Here, we applied a substantially lower transmission frequency (250 kHz) than applied previously. The resulting microbubble oscillation was significantly enhanced, reaching an effective expansion ratio of 35 for a peak negative pressure of 500 kPa in vitro. Combining low-frequency ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles and a DNA plasmid construct, 20% of tumor cells remained viable, and ∼20% of these remaining cells were transfected with a reporter gene both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of cells transfected in vivo were mucin 1+/CD45- tumor cells. Tumor and stromal cells were then transfected with plasmid DNA encoding IFN-β, producing 150 pg/106 cells in vitro, a 150-fold increase compared to no-ultrasound or no-plasmid controls and a 50-fold increase compared to treatment with targeted microbubbles and ultrasound (without IFN-β). This enhancement in secretion exceeds previously reported fourfold to fivefold increases with other in vitro treatments. Combined with intraperitoneal administration of checkpoint inhibition, a single application of IFN-β plasmid transfection reduced tumor growth in vivo and recruited efficacious immune cells at both the local and distant tumor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yi Feng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Hua Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Asaf Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bo Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Marina N Raie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Nisi Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Aris J Kare
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Dan Gazit
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Idan Steinberg
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Lebrón JA, Ostos FJ, López-López M, Moyá ML, Sales C, García E, García-Calderón CB, García-Calderón M, Peña-Gómez MJ, Rosado IV, R. Balestra F, Huertas P, López-Cornejo P. Metallo-Liposomes of Ruthenium Used as Promising Vectors of Genetic Material. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050482. [PMID: 32466339 PMCID: PMC7284339 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a therapeutic process consisting of the transport of genetic material into cells. The design and preparation of novel carriers to transport DNA is an important research line in the medical field. Hybrid compounds such as metallo-liposomes, containing a mixture of lipids, were prepared and characterized. Cationic metal lipids derived from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex, RuC11C11 or RuC19C19, both with different hydrophobic/lipophilic ratios, were mixed with the phospholipid DOPE. A relation between the size and the molar fraction α was found and a multidisciplinary study about the interaction between the metallo-liposomes and DNA was performed. The metallo-liposomes/DNA association was quantified and a relationship between Kapp and α was obtained. Techniques such as AFM, SEM, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering and agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated the formation of lipoplexes and showed the structure of the liposomes. L/D values corresponding to the polynucleotide’s condensation were estimated. In vitro assays proved the low cell toxicity of the metallo-liposomes, lower for normal cells than for cancer cell lines, and a good internalization into cells. The latter as well as the transfection measurements carried out with plasmid DNA pEGFP-C1 have demonstrated a good availability of the Ru(II)-based liposomes for being used as non-toxic nanovectors in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Lebrón
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González nº 1, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.L.); (F.J.O.); (M.L.M.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Francisco José Ostos
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González nº 1, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.L.); (F.J.O.); (M.L.M.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Manuel López-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de El Carmen, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - María Luisa Moyá
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González nº 1, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.L.); (F.J.O.); (M.L.M.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Carlos Sales
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González nº 1, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.L.); (F.J.O.); (M.L.M.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Encarnación García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González nº 1, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.L.); (F.J.O.); (M.L.M.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
| | - Clara Beatriz García-Calderón
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.B.G.-C.); (M.J.P.-G.); (I.V.R.)
| | - Margarita García-Calderón
- Department of Vegetal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, c/Prof. García González nº 1, 41012 Seville, Spain;
| | - María José Peña-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.B.G.-C.); (M.J.P.-G.); (I.V.R.)
| | - Iván V. Rosado
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/University of Seville, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (C.B.G.-C.); (M.J.P.-G.); (I.V.R.)
| | - Fernando R. Balestra
- Department of Genetics, University of Seville and Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, 41092 Seville, Spain; (F.R.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Pablo Huertas
- Department of Genetics, University of Seville and Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, 41092 Seville, Spain; (F.R.B.); (P.H.)
| | - Pilar López-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González nº 1, 41012 Seville, Spain; (J.A.L.); (F.J.O.); (M.L.M.); (C.S.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954557174
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Wang X, Yin S, Li M, Rao J, Wan D, Qiu Y, Yu Q, Chen X, Lu Z, Long Y, Zhang Z, He Q. Autophagy inhibition changes the disposition of non-viral gene carriers during blood-brain barrier penetration and enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in brain metastatic tumor. J Control Release 2020; 321:497-508. [PMID: 32112851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery systems have proven to be a promising approach in the treatment of brain metastatic cancers but facing delivery difficulties. Due to the existence of blood-brain barrier, non-viral gene carriers must pass through brain capillary endothelial cells to accumulate at the brain tumor sites. However, during this process, most of them trap into brain capillary endothelial cells and fail to penetrate to the brain tumor sites. Autophagy is involved in dynamic disposition of both intracellular and extracellular components, which theoretically affects intracellular fate of non-viral gene carriers during BBB penetration. In the present study, R6dGR peptide-modified PEGylated polyethyleneimine that carry therapeutic gene encoding human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (PPR/pTRAIL) are established as model non-viral gene delivery system and applied in breast cancer brain metastasis therapy. Autophagy-mediated lysosome degradation pathway is found to be involved in the degradation of PPR/pTRAIL in brain capillary endothelial cells and prevents them from BBB penetration. Pre-inhibiting BBB autophagy level by wortmannin loaded liposomes (Wtmn-Lip) can increase brain accumulation of non-viral gene carrier PPR without damaging BBB tight junctions. Besides, Wtmn-Lip synergistically induces apoptosis with TRAIL via different signaling pathways. Herein, pre-treatment of Wtmn-Lip might solve delivery difficulties of non-viral gene carriers in the treatment of brain metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jingdong Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Dandan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Qianwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zhengze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yang Long
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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31
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Liang L, Zhang Y, Kong Z, Liu F, Shen JW, He Z, Wang H. DNA fragment translocation through the lipid membrane assisted by carbon nanotube. Int J Pharm 2019; 574:118921. [PMID: 31812796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA delivery through cell membrane is a fundamental step for efficiency gene therapy. As a potential DNA carrier, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied due to its unique properties. However, the mechanism of DNA translocation with CNTs through cell membrane is still not well understood. In this study, the DNA translocation process through POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine) membrane with the assistance of CNTs was explored by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our simulation results demonstrated that the CNTs could insert steadily into the POPC membrane, and DNA molecules tends to insert into the inner space of CNTs. With the assistance of CNTs, the free energy of nucleotides passing through the POPC membrane decreases. Moreover, the free energy of nucleotides (DA (deoxyadenosine), DT (deoxythymidine), DC (deoxycytidine), and DG (deoxyguanosine)) passing through POPC membrane follows the order: DA (deoxyadenosine) > DG (deoxyguanosine) > DC (deoxycytidine) > DT (deoxythymidine). These results may promote the design and application of CNT-based gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liang
- College of Automation, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering (Department of Physics), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Kong
- College of Automation, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Automation, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei He
- College of Automation, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- College of Automation, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Poddar A, Conesa JJ, Liang K, Dhakal S, Reineck P, Bryant G, Pereiro E, Ricco R, Amenitsch H, Doonan C, Mulet X, Doherty CM, Falcaro P, Shukla R. Encapsulation, Visualization and Expression of Genes with Biomimetically Mineralized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8). SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902268. [PMID: 31259481 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent work in biomolecule-metal-organic framework (MOF) composites has proven to be an effective strategy for the protection of proteins. However, for other biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids, the encapsulation into nano MOFs and the related characterizations are in their infancy. Herein, encapsulation of a complete gene-set in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) MOFs and cellular expression of the gene delivered by the nano MOF composites are reported. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid (plGFP) as a proof-of-concept genetic macromolecule, successful transfection of mammalian cancer cells with plGFP for up to 4 days is shown. Cell transfection assays and soft X-ray cryo-tomography (cryo-SXT) demonstrate the feasibility of DNA@MOF biocomposites as intracellular gene delivery vehicles. Expression occurs over relatively prolonged time points where the cargo nucleic acid is released gradually in order to maintain sustained expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Poddar
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - José J Conesa
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, MISTRAL Beamline - Experiments division. Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Library Road, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sudip Dhakal
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Philipp Reineck
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Eva Pereiro
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, MISTRAL Beamline - Experiments division. Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08290, Spain
| | - Raffaele Ricco
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Doonan
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | | | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ravi Shukla
- Ian Potter NanoBiosensing Facility, NanoBiotechnology Research Laboratory (NBRL), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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Cao Y, Tan YF, Wong YS, Liew MWJ, Venkatraman S. Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Carriers for Gene Delivery. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060381. [PMID: 31242678 PMCID: PMC6627531 DOI: 10.3390/md17060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 4000 diseases are associated with malfunctioning genes in a particular cell type. Gene-based therapy provides a platform to modify the disease-causing genes expression at the cellular level to treat pathological conditions. However, gene delivery is challenging as these therapeutic genes need to overcome several physiological and intracellular barriers in order, to reach the target cells. Over the years, efforts have been dedicated to develop efficient gene delivery vectors to overcome these systemic barriers. Chitosan, a versatile polysaccharide, is an attractive non-viral vector material for gene delivery mainly due to its cationic nature, biodegradability and biocompatibility. The present review discusses the design factors that are critical for efficient gene delivery/transfection and highlights the recent progress of gene therapy using chitosan-based carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Cao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yang Fei Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yee Shan Wong
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Melvin Wen Jie Liew
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| | - Subbu Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Abstract
In the wake of a breakthrough in biotechnology providing realistic application of recombinant expressed proteins as drugs in the 1990s, gene therapy emerged as the potential approach for providing medicines of the future [...].
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Goswami R, Subramanian G, Silayeva L, Newkirk I, Doctor D, Chawla K, Chattopadhyay S, Chandra D, Chilukuri N, Betapudi V. Gene Therapy Leaves a Vicious Cycle. Front Oncol 2019; 9:297. [PMID: 31069169 PMCID: PMC6491712 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genetic code encrypted in thousands of genes holds the secret for synthesis of proteins that drive all biological processes necessary for normal life and death. Though the genetic ciphering remains unchanged through generations, some genes get disrupted, deleted and or mutated, manifesting diseases, and or disorders. Current treatment options—chemotherapy, protein therapy, radiotherapy, and surgery available for no more than 500 diseases—neither cure nor prevent genetic errors but often cause many side effects. However, gene therapy, colloquially called “living drug,” provides a one-time treatment option by rewriting or fixing errors in the natural genetic ciphering. Since gene therapy is predominantly a viral vector-based medicine, it has met with a fair bit of skepticism from both the science fraternity and patients. Now, thanks to advancements in gene editing and recombinant viral vector development, the interest of clinicians and pharmaceutical industries has been rekindled. With the advent of more than 12 different gene therapy drugs for curing cancer, blindness, immune, and neuronal disorders, this emerging experimental medicine has yet again come in the limelight. The present review article delves into the popular viral vectors used in gene therapy, advances, challenges, and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Goswami
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Gayatri Subramanian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Liliya Silayeva
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Isabelle Newkirk
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Deborah Doctor
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Karan Chawla
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nageswararao Chilukuri
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States
| | - Venkaiah Betapudi
- Neuroscience Branch, Research Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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36
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Shurpik DN, Sevastyanov DA, Zelenikhin PV, Subakaeva EV, Evtugyn VG, Osin YN, Cragg PJ, Stoikov II. Hydrazides of glycine-containing decasubstituted pillar[5]arenes: Synthesis and encapsulation of Floxuridine. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Falzone L, Salomone S, Libra M. Evolution of Cancer Pharmacological Treatments at the Turn of the Third Millennium. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1300. [PMID: 30483135 PMCID: PMC6243123 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical history of cancer began millennia ago. Historical findings of patients with cancer date back to ancient Egyptian and Greek civilizations, where this disease was predominantly treated with radical surgery and cautery that were often ineffective, leading to the death of patients. Over the centuries, important discoveries allowed to identify the biological and pathological features of tumors, without however contributing to the development of effective therapeutic approaches until the end of the 1800s, when the discovery of X-rays and their use for the treatment of tumors provided the first modern therapeutic approach in medical oncology. However, a real breakthrough took place after the Second World War, with the discovery of cytotoxic antitumor drugs and the birth of chemotherapy for the treatment of various hematological and solid tumors. Starting from this epochal turning point, there has been an exponential growth of studies concerning the use of new drugs for cancer treatment. The second fundamental breakthrough in the field of oncology and pharmacology took place at the beginning of the '80s, thanks to molecular and cellular biology studies that allowed the development of specific drugs for some molecular targets involved in neoplastic processes, giving rise to targeted therapy. Both chemotherapy and target therapy have significantly improved the survival and quality of life of cancer patients inducing sometimes complete tumor remission. Subsequently, at the turn of the third millennium, thanks to genetic engineering studies, there was a further advancement of clinical oncology and pharmacology with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced or metastatic tumors, for which no effective treatment was available before. Today, cancer research is always aimed at the study and development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Currently, several researchers are focused on the development of cell therapies, anti-tumor vaccines, and new biotechnological drugs that have already shown promising results in preclinical studies, therefore, in the near future, we will certainly assist to a new revolution in the field of medical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (PreDiCT), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (PreDiCT), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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