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Korgaonkar J, Tarman AY, Ceylan Koydemir H, Chukkapalli SS. Periodontal disease and emerging point-of-care technologies for its diagnosis. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3326-3346. [PMID: 38874483 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory disorder that damages the tooth and its supporting components, is a common global oral health problem. Understanding the intricacies of these disorders, from gingivitis to severe PD, is critical for efficient treatment, diagnosis, and prevention in dental care. Periodontal biosensors and biomarkers are critical in improving oral health diagnostic skills. Clinicians may accomplish early identification, tailored therapy, and efficient tracking of periodontal diseases by using these technologies, ushering in a new age of accurate oral healthcare. Traditional periodontitis diagnostic methods frequently rely on physical probing and visual examinations, necessitating the development of point-of-care (POC) devices. As periodontal disorders necessitate more precise and rapid diagnosis, incorporating novel innovations in biosensors and biomarkers becomes increasingly crucial. These innovations improve our capacity to diagnose, monitor, and adapt periodontal therapies, bringing in the next phase of customized and effective dental healthcare. The review discusses the characteristics and stages of PD, clinical treatment techniques, prominent biomarkers and infection-associated factors that may be employed to determine PD, biomedical sensing, and POC appliances that have been created so far to diagnose stages of PD and its progression profile, as well as predicting future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Korgaonkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Azra Yaprak Tarman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hatice Ceylan Koydemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M Engineering and Experiment Station, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sasanka S Chukkapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Ardila CM, Arrubla-Escobar DE, Vivares-Builes AM. Efficacy of microchips and 3D sensors for orthodontic force measurement: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 38372469 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of microchips and 3D microsensors in the measurement of orthodontic forces. METHODS Through September 2023, comprehensive searches were conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and SCIELO without restrictions. RESULTS After removing duplicate entries and applying the eligibility criteria, 23 studies were included for analysis. All the studies were conducted in vitro, and slightly more than half of them were centred on evaluating orthodontic forces exerted by aligners. Eight utilized microchips as measurement tools, while the remaining studies made use of 3D microsensors for their assessments. In the context of fixed appliances, key findings included a high level of agreement in 3-dimensional orthodontic force detection between simulation results and actual applied forces. Incorporating critical force-moment combinations during smart bracket calibration reduced measurement errors for most components. Translational tooth movement revealed a moment-to-force ratio, aligning with the bracket's centre of resistance. The primary findings in relation to aligners revealed several significant factors affecting the forces exerted by them. Notably, the foil thickness and staging were found to have a considerable impact on these forces, with optimal force transmission occurring at a layer height of 150 μm. Furthermore, the type of material used in 3D-printing aligners influenced the force levels, with attachments proving effective in generating extrusive forces. Deliberate adjustments in aligner thickness were observed to alter the forces and moments generated. CONCLUSIONS Microchips and 3D sensors provide precise and quantitative measurements of orthodontic forces in in vitro studies, enabling accurate monitoring and control of tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ardila
- School of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Ardila CM, Jiménez-Arbeláez GA, Vivares-Builes AM. The Potential Clinical Applications of a Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for the Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Enterococcus faecalis-Associated Endodontic Infections: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 38248213 PMCID: PMC10814515 DOI: 10.3390/dj12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the potential clinical use of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology in the identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of E. faecalis in endodontic infections. The search methodology employed in this review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Multiple scientific databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and SCIELO, were utilized, along with exploration of grey literature sources. Up to September 2023, these resources were searched using specific keywords and MeSH terms. An initial comprehensive search yielded 202 articles. Ultimately, this systematic review incorporated 12 studies. Out of these, seven aimed to identify E. faecalis, while the remaining five evaluated its susceptibility to different antibiotics. All studies observed that the newly developed microfluidic chip significantly reduces detection time compared to traditional methods. This enhanced speed is accompanied by a high degree of accuracy, efficiency, and sensitivity. Most research findings indicated that the entire process took anywhere from less than an hour to five hours. It is important to note that this approach bypasses the need for minimum inhibitory concentration measurements, as it does not rely on traditional methodologies. Microfluidic devices enable the rapid identification and accurate antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. faecalis, which are crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment in endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Ardila
- Basic Studies Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A. Jiménez-Arbeláez
- School of Dentistry, University Institution Visión de Las Américas, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (G.A.J.-A.); (A.M.V.-B.)
| | - Annie Marcela Vivares-Builes
- School of Dentistry, University Institution Visión de Las Américas, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (G.A.J.-A.); (A.M.V.-B.)
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Ardila CM, Jiménez-Arbeláez GA, Vivares-Builes AM. A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies Using Microchip Platforms for Identifying Periodontopathogens from the Red Complex. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:245. [PMID: 37999009 PMCID: PMC10670886 DOI: 10.3390/dj11110245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola, collectively recognized as periodontopathogens within the red complex, have been extensively studied in clinical samples collected from individuals with periodontitis. A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniature mechanism that integrates various laboratory operations onto a single microchip or a small-scale platform. This systematic review evaluates the application of LOC technology in identifying microorganisms from the red complex. This study adhered to PRISMA recommendations, and the review process encompassed several databases. In the electronic search, a total of 58 reports were found, and ultimately, 10 studies were considered relevant for inclusion. All these studies described effective, rapid, and reliable LOC systems for detecting and amplifying P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. Compared to traditional methods, the LOC approach demonstrated minimal reagent requirements. Additionally, the results indicated that the amplification process took approximately 2 to 8 min, while detection could be completed in as little as 2 min and 40 s, resulting in a total experimental duration of around 11 min. Integrating miniaturization, speed, accuracy, and automation within microchip platforms makes them promising tools for detecting and amplifying microorganisms associated with the red complex in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Ardila
- Basic Studies Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A. Jiménez-Arbeláez
- School of Dentistry, Institución Universitaria Visión de Las Américas, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (G.A.J.-A.); (A.M.V.-B.)
| | - Annie Marcela Vivares-Builes
- School of Dentistry, Institución Universitaria Visión de Las Américas, Medellín 050031, Colombia; (G.A.J.-A.); (A.M.V.-B.)
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Ardila CM, Zuluaga-Gómez M, Vivares-Builes AM. Applications of Lab on a Chip in Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1719. [PMID: 37893437 PMCID: PMC10608121 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent bacterium capable of inducing various infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and surgical site infections. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus, has raised substantial concerns within global healthcare settings. Prior to antibiotic prescription, the ideal approach is antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST); however, this is frequently perceived as excessively complex and time-intensive. Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) technology holds promise in addressing these challenges and advancing fundamental microbiological research while also aiding in the development of therapeutic strategies. This systematic review aims to evaluate the potential utility of LOC for AST of S. aureus. Materials and Methods: This study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. Various databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO, and LILACS, in addition to gray literature sources, were employed in the review process. Results: Sixteen studies were included in this systematic review. All these studies detailed the effectiveness, rapidity, and predictability of LOC systems for assessing S. aureus susceptibility to various antibiotics. When comparing the LOC approach to traditional manual methods, it was evident that LOC requires a minimal quantity of reagents. Furthermore, most studies reported that the entire LOC procedure took 10 min to 7 h, with results being equally accurate as those obtained through traditional AST protocols. Conclusions: The potential application of LOC for AST of S. aureus is emphasized by its ability to provide rapid access to minimum inhibitory concentration data, which can substantially aid in selecting the most suitable antibiotics and dosages for treating challenging infections caused by this microorganism. Moreover, the rapid AST facilitated by LOC holds promise for enhancing the appropriateness and efficacy of therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Ardila
- Basic Studies Department, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Mateo Zuluaga-Gómez
- Emergency Department, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
- Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro 054047, Colombia
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