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Karobari MI, Batul R, Snigdha NTS, AL-Rawas M, Noorani TY. Evaluation of push-out bond strength, dentinal tubule penetration and adhesive pattern of bio-ceramic and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294076. [PMID: 37956149 PMCID: PMC10642786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root canal sealing materials play a crucial role in an endodontic procedure by forming a bond between the dentinal walls and the gutta-percha. The current study aims to analyse the dentinal tubule penetration and adhesive pattern, including the push-out bond strength of six commercially available root canal sealers. METHODOLOGY Eighty-four mandibular first premolars were split into seven groups (and n = 12), Group 1: Dia-Root, Group 2: One-Fil, Group 3: BioRoot RCS, Group 4: AH Plus, Group 5: CeraSeal, Group 6: iRoot SP, Group 7: GP without sealer (control). Two groups were made, one for dentinal tubule penetration and the other for push-out bond strength; the total sample size was one hundred sixty-eight. Root canal treatment was performed using a method called the crown down technique, and for obturation, the single cone technique was used. A confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica, Microsystem Heidel GmbH, Version 2.00 build 0585, Germany) was used to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration, and Universal Testing Machine was utilised to measure the push-out bond strength (Shimadzu, Japan) using a plunger size of 0.4 mm and speed of 1mm/min. Finally, the adhesive pattern of the sealers was analysed by HIROX digital microscope (KH-7700). Statistical analysis was carried out by a one-way Anova test, Dunnet's T3 test, and Chi-square test. RESULTS Highest dentinal tubule penetration was noticed with One-Fil (p<0.05), followed by iRoot SP, CeraSeal, AH Plus, Dia-Root also, the most negligible value was recorded for BioRoot RCS. Meanwhile, BioRoot RCS (p<0.05) demonstrated the greater value of mean push-out bond strength, followed by One-fil, iRoot SP, CeraSeal, AH Plus and Dia-Root. Regarding adhesive pattern, most of the samples were classified as type 3 and type 4 which implies greater sealing ability and better adherence to the dentinal wall. However, BioRoot RCS revealed the most type 4 (p<0.05), followed by AH Plus, One-Fil, CeraSeal and Dia-Root. CONCLUSION The highest dentinal tubule penetration was shown by One-Fil compared to other groups. Meanwhile, BioRoot RCS had greater push-out bond strength and more adhesive pattern than other tested materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Dental Research Unit, Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rumesa Batul
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Niher Tabassum Siddiqua Snigdha
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Matheel AL-Rawas
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Dental Research Unit, Center for Global health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Koruk D, Basmacı F, Kırmızı D, Aksoy U. The Impact of Laser-Activated and Conventional Irrigation Techniques on Sealer Penetration into Dentinal Tubules. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:565-572. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Koruk
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Fatma Basmacı
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dilan Kırmızı
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Umut Aksoy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
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El Hachem R, El Osta N, Sacre H, Salameh P, Wassef E, Le Brun G, Pellen F, Le Jeune B, Daou M, Khalil I, Abboud M. Lack of Correlation Between the Penetration of Two Types of Sealers and Interfacial Adaptation to Root Dentine. Eur Endod J 2022; 7:150-155. [PMID: 35786577 PMCID: PMC9285998 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2022.06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the correlation between sealer penetration into dentinal tubules and interfacial adaptation to root canal walls using a hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealer, Endosequence Bioceramic Sealer (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA), and an epoxy resin-based sealer, AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). METHODS Sixty-four maxillary central incisors were endodontically prepared with nickel-titanium rotary instruments and randomly assigned into two groups (n=32). Roots were filled with gutta-percha using a single-cone technique in conjunction with one of the two sealers, AHP or BCS. Sealers were mixed with Rhodamine B and analysed under a confocal laser scanning microscope. Transverse sections at 5 mm from root apex were obtained. The circumference of the root canal wall was first outlined and measured to determine the circumferential percentage of sealer penetration. The regions along the canal walls where the sealer had penetrated the dentinal tubules were delineated and measured. Then, the outlined distances were divided by the canal circumference. The width of each gap was measured and pooled for each specimen for comparison to determine the interfacial adaptation. The measurements were repeated twice to ensure reproducibility. Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare continuous variables between AHP and BCS groups. The correlation between gap width and percentage of sealer penetration was investigated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between groups regarding the percentage of sealer penetration (P>0.05) and the gap width (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant correlation between the two variables analysed for AHP (r=0.165; P>0.05) and BCS (r=-0.147; P>0.05) and in the overall sample (r=0.061; P>0.05). CONCLUSION The present results show no correlation between interfacial adaptation and sealer penetration in dentinal tubules in the total sample and among sealer subgroups. The ability of root canal sealers to penetrate dentinal tubules cannot be considered a sign of better interfacial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula El Hachem
- Department of Endodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
- Equipe d'accueil EA 4847, Center for Research in Clinical Odontology (CROC), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Oral Health Unit, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology-Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology-Lebanon, Beirut, Lebanon
- Deparment of Research, Lebanese University Faculty of Pharmacy, Hadat, Lebanon
- Deparment of Research, Lebanese University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Elie Wassef
- Department of Endodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Guy Le Brun
- OPTIMAG laboratory, IBSAM, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Fabrice Pellen
- OPTIMAG laboratory, IBSAM, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Bernard Le Jeune
- OPTIMAG laboratory, IBSAM, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
| | - Maha Daou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
- Craniofacial Research Laboratory, Oral Health Unit, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Issam Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Dental Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Abboud
- Department of Physics, UR TVA, Saint Joseph University of Beirut Faculty of Science, Beirut, Lebanon
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Song D, Yang SE. Comparison of Dentinal Tubule Penetration between a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer with Ultrasonic Activation and an Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer: A Study Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:195-201. [PMID: 34674198 PMCID: PMC8890920 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the degree of dentinal penetration between an epoxy resin-based sealer applied by using two different filling methods and an ultrasonically activated calcium silicate-based sealer via confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five extracted permanent maxillary premolars with type II canals (Vertucci's classification) were subjected to the experiment. The root canals were instrumented and distributed randomly into the following three groups: AH Plus + continuous wave technique (AHC group); AH Plus + single cone technique (AHS group); and Endoseal MTA + single cone technique with ultrasonic activation (EMS) group. Each sealer was labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow visualization under CLSM. The sealer penetration depth in each sample was observed at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex by using CLSM. The data were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test according to normality of variable (α = 0.05). RESULTS In all groups, the maximum sealer penetration depth, mean fluorescence intensity, and sum fluorescence intensity values were higher at the 5-mm level than at the 2-mm level. At the 5-mm level, the EMS group showed the lowest value (p = 0.02). At the 2-mm level, there were no statistically significant differences among any of the groups. The AHC group showed higher values than the other groups, but there was no statistically significant difference in the apical area where access of instruments was difficult. CONCLUSION The AHC group showed the highest dentinal tubule penetration, but had questionable filing efficacy in the apical area, which is of particular importance for the success of root canal treatment. Therefore, in areas such as the apical 2 mm of premolars with type II canals, which are difficult to access by using instruments such as heat carriers, other appropriate approaches may be required accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Yang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Could the Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Presentation Form Influence Dentinal Sealing? An In Vitro Confocal Laser Study on Tubular Penetration. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030659. [PMID: 33572611 PMCID: PMC7867024 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dentinal tubule penetration influences root canal treatment sealing. The aim of this study was to compare dentinal penetration of two clinical presentations of silicate-based sealers using confocal laser. Sixty single-rooted human teeth from 50-70 year-old patients extracted for orthodontic/periodontal reasons were used. Canals were prepared using Mtwo system up to 35/0.04, with 5.25% NaOCl irrigation and final irrigation using 17% EDTA. Teeth were randomly assigned into study groups (ni = 20): EndoSequence BC sealer (ES, group 1), BioRoot RCS (BR, group 2); and a control group (nc = 20) with AH Plus (AHP). Root canals were obturated with 35/0.04 gutta-percha (single-cone technique). The samples were obtained from apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Dentinal tubule penetration depth and percentage of penetration around the canal perimeter were measured. The statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon t-test (95% confidence interval). ES exhibited a significantly higher penetration than AHP in apical and middle thirds (p < 0.05), and in middle and coronal thirds relative to BR (p < 0.05). The percentage of penetration around the canal perimeter was significantly higher for ES compared to BR in all thirds, but only in the apical third for AHP (p < 0.05). The pre-mixed silicate-based sealer exhibited better penetration than the powder/liquid one.
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Effect of Different Irrigation Solutions on the Diffusion of MTA Cement into the Root Canal Dentin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13235472. [PMID: 33271754 PMCID: PMC7730380 DOI: 10.3390/ma13235472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
(1) Aim: This study aims to analyze the in vitro infiltration of a silicate root canal sealer into dentinal tubules after using different endodontic irrigating solutions. (2) Methods: Twenty-nine teeth with single roots were separated into three groups according to the final irrigation protocol: G1 n = 10) = 17% EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) + 3.0% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), G2 (n = 10) = 17% EDTA + 2.0% chlorhexidine and G3 (Control group, n = 9) = 17% EDTA + saline solution. Root canals were filled using cold lateral compaction technique with MTA Fillapex sealer and gutta-percha. The sealer was labeled with rhodamine B. The teeth were segmented at the middle and third apical sections, which were visualized using 10× confocal laser microscopy to determine the sealer penetration percentage. (3) Results: In the apical section, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding sealer penetration. In the middle section, Group 1 obtained the highest percentage, and Group 2 the lowest (p = 0.004). Group 1 also presented statistically significant differences in the Control Group (p = 0.031) and had close sealer penetration values. Meanwhile, the Control Group (p = 0.023) and Group 2 (p = 0.029) revealed a significant decrease of sealer penetration between the apical and middle sections. (4) Conclusion: The obtained results support that final irrigation with NaOCl promoted similar sealer penetration in the apical and middle sections. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the sealer penetration of the middle section was observed for the chlorhexidine and saline groups. Compared to other irrigant solutions, NaOCl promotes more uniform sealer penetration, which can correlate with better sealing and, consequently, higher endodontic treatment success.
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de Almeida Barbosa M, de Oliveira KV, dos Santos VR, da Silva WJ, Fagundes Tomazinho FS, Baratto-Filho F, Leão Gabardo MC. Effect of Vehicle and Agitation Methods on the Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide Paste in the Dentinal Tubules. J Endod 2020; 46:1340-1341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Almeida Barbosa M, de Oliveira KV, dos Santos VR, da Silva WJ, Tomazinho FSF, Baratto-Filho F, Gabardo MCL. Effect of Vehicle and Agitation Methods on the Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide Paste in the Dentinal Tubules. J Endod 2020; 46:980-986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Coronas VS, Villa N, Nascimento ALD, Duarte PHM, Rosa RAD, Só MVR. Dentinal Tubule Penetration of a Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealer Using a Specific Calcium Fluorophore. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:109-115. [PMID: 32556008 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202002829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate penetrability on dentinal tubule of a new bioceramic sealer through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A specific fluorophore (Fluo-3) was mixed with the sealer. Forty distobuccal roots from maxillary molars were selected, and root canal preparation was carried out with Wave One Gold # 35.06 instruments. Roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to the filling procedures: Bioceramic/Lentulo (Sealer Plus BC); Bioceramic/EasyClean group, three activation of the sealer (3x20 s) with Easy Clean instrument; Bioceramic/Irrisonic: ultrasonic activation for 30 s; and AHplus/Lentulo: epoxy resin based sealer (AH Plus) was utilized with the same protocol as the BC/LE group. After 72 h, specimens were transversally sectioned at 2 and 7 mm from root apex and then analyzed through CLSM. Sealer penetration area on dentinal tubule was measured by Adobe Photoshop CC2018. Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon T tests were carried out. Penetrability results were similar for both sealers regardless of which technique was performed to activate them inside the root canal (p>0.05). It is reasonable to conclude that penetration of bioceramic and epoxy resin based sealers occurred unimpressively. The type of instrument used to activate bioceramic sealer did not affect penetrability. Fluo 3 should be recommended as the fluorophore to evaluate dentinal tubule penetration of bioceramic sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Siqueira Coronas
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Villa
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Longo do Nascimento
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Marks Duarte
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Reis Só
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Kucher M, Dannemann M, Modler N, Hannig C, Weber MT. Effects of Endodontic Irrigants on Material and Surface Properties of Biocompatible Thermoplastics. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010026. [PMID: 30845729 PMCID: PMC6473885 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive irrigation is an efficient method for a successful endodontic treatment. During sonic activation biocompatible polymer tips are used to activate irrigants. Compared to ultrasonic activation with metallic tips, polymer tips have the advantage of a reduced risk of fracture and minimise dentine damage. Hence, two polymers, polyether ether ketones (PEEK) and polyamide (PA6), were identified for the manufacturing of novel irrigation tips. The chemical resistance against the irrigants ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) 20%, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) 2% and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% was analysed. Using microindentation, the change of hardness, elasticity, surface roughness and appearance of the polymers was determined. PA6 had a high absorption of irrigant compared to PEEK. PEEK was resistant to the investigated irrigants and showed no significant alteration of surface and mechanical properties, whereas PA6 slightly increased its hardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness during long-term exposure at 37 °C. However, PA6 tips seem to be a promising disposable product due to the material’s high deformability and low manufacturing costs. Particularly with regard to structural-dynamic properties and high chemical resistance, PEEK can be considered as a material for reusable irrigation tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kucher
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Niels Modler
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer Technology (ILK), Technische Universität Dresden, Holbeinstraße 3, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Marie-Theres Weber
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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