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Hazrati P, Azadi A, Tizno A, Asnaashari M. The Effect of Lasers on the Healing of Periapical Lesion: A Systematic Review. J Lasers Med Sci 2024; 15:e6. [PMID: 38655043 PMCID: PMC11033856 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2024.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical lesions presents more clinical difficulty. Various lasers in several methods are used in endodontics, and most of them are utilized as an adjunctive protocol in order to reduce the bacterial load of the root canal system. Improved disinfection plays a crucial role in enhanced and accelerated healing of periapical lesions. This review aims to summarize studies assessing the effect of lasers on periapical lesion healing. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (ISI) online databases were searched, with no publication year or status restriction, for relevant articles on April 2023. Clinical studies evaluating the effect of laser application on the periapical lesion of patients using radiographic assessment were considered eligible for inclusion. Results: Eight studies were included after carefully screening the obtained articles, first by their title and abstract and then by their full texts. Diode (4), Er, Cr: YSGG (3), and Nd: YAG (1) lasers were used with output powers that varied from 0.75 to 2 watts. Photodynamic therapy was employed in two studies, and in other studies, the root canal system was directly irradiated. Irradiation of the root canal system was adjunctive to standard preparation in all studies. The healing of the teeth treated with lasers was not inferior to those conventionally treated. In all of the included studies, laser application outperformed the standard cleaning and shaping protocol; however, this improved or faster healing was not statistically significant in most studies. Conclusion: Lasers might expedite and improve the healing process of periapical lesions. Since lasers enhance the quality of cleaning of the root canal system, it is hard to point out the exact mechanism of it. Further investigations are needed to realize the effectiveness of this treatment modality and to discover the underlying biological concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Hazrati
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Azadi
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Tizno
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asnaashari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang C, Wei R, Mo H, Zhai Y, Sun D. Deep learning-assisted 3D laser steering using an optofluidic laser scanner. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1668-1681. [PMID: 38495701 PMCID: PMC10942714 DOI: 10.1364/boe.514489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Laser ablation is an effective treatment modality. However, current laser scanners suffer from laser defocusing when scanning targets at different depths in a 3D surgical scene. This study proposes a deep learning-assisted 3D laser steering strategy for minimally invasive surgery that eliminates laser defocusing, increases working distance, and extends scanning range. An optofluidic laser scanner is developed to conduct 3D laser steering. The optofluidic laser scanner has no mechanical moving components, enabling miniature size, lightweight, and low driving voltage. A deep learning-based monocular depth estimation method provides real-time target depth estimation so that the focal length of the laser scanner can be adjusted for laser focusing. Simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed method can significantly increase the working distance and maintain laser focusing while performing 2D laser steering, demonstrating the potential for application in minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Ruofeng Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hangjie Mo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Center of Robotics and Automation, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
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Binrayes A. An Update on the Use of Lasers in Prosthodontics. Cureus 2024; 16:e57282. [PMID: 38690478 PMCID: PMC11058581 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lasers are employed in all fields of modern dentistry nowadays, including both surgical and non-surgical dental procedures. Prosthodontics, a branch of dentistry, has also embraced lasers as an invaluable addition to conventional methodologies. This helps improve the standard of care for patients and dentists due to its precise excision, quick healing, and enhanced tissue response after surgeries. In prosthodontics, the most commonly used lasers are carbon dioxide, argon, and yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) lasers. Many reviews have been published in the literature regarding the use of lasers in dentistry; however, reviews on the use of lasers in the field of prosthodontics are limited. This review aims to explain the diverse applications and advancements of lasers in prosthodontics. Furthermore, it will highlight the integration of lasers in diagnostic protocols, treatment modalities, and the fabrication of prosthetic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Binrayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
- Department of Dentistry, Vision College, Riyadh, SAU
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Tareq MS, Hamad TK. In vitro studies the influence of Nd: YAG laser on dental enamels. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:64. [PMID: 38363355 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The present work aimed at assessing chemical, topographical, and morphological changes induced by Nd : YAG laser treatment of dental enamels by means of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifteen human enamel specimens were obtained, three of samples were kept untreated as a control while the others twelve samples were equally divided into four groups where each group have a three samples according to treating approach as: G1:(untreated);G2: (treated with Nd:YAG laser, 100 mJ/pulse,10 Hz/1064nm); G3(treated with Nd:YAG laser, 500 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz/1064nm); G4(treated with Nd:YAG laser 1000 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz/1064nm), and finally G5(treated with Nd:YAG laser, 1000 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz/532nm) respectively. Beside many craters and cracks, the AFM results showed fractures with depths of 19.23 nm, 174.7 nm, 216.9 nm, 207.4 nm and 156.5 nm and width of 559.2 nm, 833.4 nm, 1115 nm, 695.0 nm, and 5142 nm for all Groups respectively. The highest surface roughness was found in G5 with 111.4 nm while the lowest surface roughness was found in G1 to be 14.3 nm. The inside surface of the fissures was also rough. The SEM micrographs revealed modifications to the morphology. EDS was used to measure the phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), and carbon (C) percentages presented in crater areas and their surroundings, Ca, P, O, and C levels were observed to vary significantly at the crater and its rim, a lower percentage of C wt% were realized corresponding to laser treatment of 1000 mJ/Pulse laser energy. However, it was not feasible to recognize a specific chemical arrangement in the craters. It is also concluded that the higher depth and particular edge of ablated part when teeth were irradiated by laser with 1000 mJ/10Hz/1064nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mays S Tareq
- Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Tagreed K Hamad
- Laser and Optoelectronics Department, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Siddiqui S, Manglam KK, Srivastav A, Khan RA, Rastogi P, Shafique S. Evaluation of the Efficacy of LASER, Desensitizing Agents, and their Combined Effect on Dentinal Hypersensitivity in Bicuspids: In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S418-S422. [PMID: 38595608 PMCID: PMC11000978 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_639_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to know the potential of diode light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) and desensitizing agents on blocking the dentinal tubules, which may further help in reducing the most common dental problem named dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). Materials and Methods Sixty human permanent bicuspids were selected, and preparation was performed in the cervical region measuring 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm × 2.5 mm, followed by acid etching for 15 seconds. These are then divided according to the groups mentioned: group 1-nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) was applied for 15 minutes; group 2-biosilicate was applied for 15 minutes; group 3-diode LASER application was performed twice for 60 seconds in noncontact mode; group 4-nano-HA plus diode LASER application; and group 5-biosilicate plus diode LASER application. The same procedure was followed on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days and then rinsed and stored in artificial saliva, and the saliva was changed every 24 hours. The dentinal tubular occlusion was observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) after the 14th day. Result The maximum dentinal tubular occlusion was observed in group 4, where nano-HA and diode LASER application was performed. Conclusion All the investigated treatment groups have promising occluding potential, but the maximum was found in group 4 >group 5 >group 3 >group 1 >group 2. LASER plus desensitizing together prove to be potent and effective in reducing dentinal tubular diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Siddiqui
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Keshav K. Manglam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maharana Pratap Dental College and Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anubha Srivastav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maharana Pratap Dental College and Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rehan A. Khan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mithla Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - Preeti Rastogi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samra Shafique
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Mosaddad SA, Abduo J, Zakizade M, Tebyaniyan H, Hussain A. The Effect of Various Lasers on the Bond Strength Between Orthodontic Brackets and Dental Ceramics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:20-48. [PMID: 37862260 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess how laser conditioning affected brackets bonded to dental ceramics' shear bond strength (SBS). Materials and methods: The study was conducted by searching Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to September 14, 2022. In addition, the reference lists of the relevant articles were checked manually. Articles that compared SBS of laser-treated feldspathic, lithium disilicate, or zirconia surfaces with other standard techniques for bonding metal or ceramic orthodontic brackets were considered. Using a random-effects model, data pooling was carried out as the weighted mean difference (WMD). Results: This study initially contained 1717 reports, and following review, 32 articles were deemed suitable for our meta-analysis. The pooling results showed that the treatments with lasers such as "Er:YAG" [WMD = -1.12 MPa; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.93 to -0.31], "Er:YAG + Silane" (WMD = -3.08 MPa; 95% CI: -4.77 to -1.40), and "Nd: YAG + Silane" (WMD = -2.58 MPa; 95% CI: -3.76 to -1.40) had statistically significant lower adhesion values compared with controls. Contrarily, "Ti:Sapphire femtosecond" demonstrated significantly higher bonding values (WMD = 0.94 MPa; 95% CI: 0.29-1.60). In contrast, other interventions obtained no statistically significant difference in SBS. Conclusions: Most of the laser groups showed results comparable with those of conventional approaches. Although more research is necessary for definitive conclusions, laser treatment may be an effective option for treating the surfaces of ceramic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jaafar Abduo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Melbourne Dental School, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mehrnaz Zakizade
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahr-e-Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Department of Science and Research, Islimic Azade University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- School of Dentistry, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Felemban O, Abdrabuh R, El Meligy O, Farsi N, Bakry AS, Abu Haimed T. Micro-Morphological Features of the Er:YAG-Lased Interface in Primary Teeth: 12 Months Randomized Split-Mouth Trial. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:17. [PMID: 38248684 PMCID: PMC10816583 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable improvements in oral health, dental caries remains a public health issue. The most frequently used technique to remove caries is through rotating drills. New minimally invasive strategies were introduced into dental practice, such as the use of lasers to perform highly controlled tissue ablation while limiting pain and discomfort, as well as overcoming drill phobia. The objective was to assess and compare treatment with Er:YAG laser versus a conventional rotary treatment during cavity preparation in children with regard to bond interface quality. In a randomized trial using a split-mouth design, 40 (9-12 year-old) children with 80 carious primary molars were included. The cavity in one quadrant was treated conventionally using a bur, while the cavity in the other quadrant was prepared using an Er:YAG laser. Twenty restored teeth were extracted after one year. The SEM histological evaluation of bond interface results demonstrated no statistically significant differences between restorations placed following bur preparation and those placed following the Er:YAG laser preparation, and both treatments demonstrated promising results. Over a one-year period, no statistically significant differences in the bond interface quality were observed following class I cavity preparation in primary teeth with either Er:YAG laser or a conventional rotary bur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Felemban
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (O.E.M.); (N.F.)
| | - Raghdah Abdrabuh
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (O.E.M.); (N.F.)
| | - Omar El Meligy
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (O.E.M.); (N.F.)
- Paediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Najat Farsi
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (O.E.M.); (N.F.)
| | - Ahmed Samir Bakry
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.B.); (T.A.H.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abu Haimed
- Restorative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.B.); (T.A.H.)
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Al-Ani AJ, Al-Alawi AS, Taher HJ. Analysis of the Temperature Elevation of the Dual-Wavelength Diode Laser and the Er, Cr: YSGG Laser in Oral Soft Tissue Incisions. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e37. [PMID: 38028884 PMCID: PMC10658115 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Lasers are one of the most advantageous tools that have been used in a variety of medical fields. Soft tissue management is an important part of oral and maxillofacial surgery. There are different surgical procedures for management; one of them is laser surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the dual-wavelength diode laser and the Er, Cr: YSGG laser to choose the most effective laser for a soft tissue incision in oral and maxillofacial surgery regarding temperature elevation. Methods: A dual-wavelength diode laser (810 and 980 nm) with 1.5 W and 2.5 W power outputs and an Er, Cr: YSGG (2780 nm) with 2.5 W and 3.5 W power outputs were used to make 50 incisions in six freshly dissected sheep tongues. The temperature means were measured at initial, maximum temperatures, as well as the temperature rise (difference between initial and maximum), and all were compared between the groups of soft tissue. Results: The lowest mean temperature rise was observed with a 2.5 W Er, Cr: YSGG laser, and the highest mean temperature rise was observed with a 2.5 W diode laser, and all samples from the two lasers showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in the temperature rise except the 1.5 W diode, which is higher but not statistically significantly different from the 3.5 W Er, Cr: YSGG laser (P=0.100). Conclusion: The power output of 2.5 W of an Er, Cr: YSGG laser produced low levels of temperature rise compared to a diode laser and produced surgical incisions with a lower probability of heat damage to surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Jamal Al-Ani
- Medical and Biological applications Branch, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ammar Saleh Al-Alawi
- Laser/Dentistry (Oral Surgery), Al-Emamein Al-Kadhemein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hanan Jafer Taher
- Photonics Units, Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Bilder A, Rachmiel A, Ginini JG, Capucha T, Ohayon C, Weitman E, Emodi O. A Comparative Study of Mucosal Wound Healing after Excision with a Scalpel, Diode Laser, or CO 2 Laser. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5150. [PMID: 37547354 PMCID: PMC10403016 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to compare the clinical and histological secondary healing effectiveness of various types of high-level laser versus scalpel excision in mucosa frenectomy. Methods Forty-five Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. These rats were divided into two laser intervention groups (CO2, n = 15; diode, n = 15) and one control group with scalpel excision (n = 15). The effectiveness of therapy has been assessed based on the comparison of intraoperative, postoperative, and histological parameters on days 7, 21, and 35, and postoperative weight changes as pain indicator. Results Both laser groups demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) less bleeding than did the control group during the intraoperative stage, whereas the CO2 laser showed more precise cutting compared with the diode laser (P < 0.05). The highest healing score was reported in the CO2 and scalpel groups on the first week of healing than in the diode group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the groups on days 21 and 35. Weight loss was significantly (P < 0.05) demonstrated in the diode group compared to the scalpel and CO2 groups till day 7. Both laser groups demonstrated delayed healing process compared with the scalpel. Nevertheless, the CO2 group followed the scalpel trends after day 7. Conclusion Scalpel and CO2 laser yielded a superior clinical outcome compared with the diode excision of oral mucosa, whereby the CO2 has been proposed as the most effective laser type at the end of the first postoperative month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bilder
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Care Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Adi Rachmiel
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Care Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jiriys George Ginini
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Care Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Capucha
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Care Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chaim Ohayon
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Care Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Efi Weitman
- The Maxillofacial Surgery Unit at Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omri Emodi
- From the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Care Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Nahas P, Houeis S, Chamboredon R, Heysselaer D, Zeinoun T, Nammour S. Assessment of the Periodontal Cementum Ablation Depth during Root Planing by an Er:YAG Laser at Different Energy Densities: An Ex Vivo Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050116. [PMID: 37232767 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important and non-adapted delivered energy of Er:YAG laser can eliminate the total thickness of root cementum during root planing. Conversely, the preservation of a partial layer of cementum covering the roots is vital for any periodontal ligament regeneration. Thus, the assessment of the cementum ablation depth produced by each energy density of Er:YAG laser is essential before considering its use for the periodontal planing and treatment of the cementum and root surfaces. AIM OF THE STUDY Assessment of the cementum ablation depth at different energy densities of the Er:YAG laser is the aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 human caries free molars were collected and used in this study. Areas to be irradiated were delimited by two longitudinal grooves (0.5 mm depth). Roots were divided randomly into four groups (4 × n = 12). An Er:YAG laser (2.94 µm) was used with a side-firing tip (R600T) with a 600 µm diameter and a frequency of 20 Hz combined with a cooling system of air 6 mL/min and water 4 mL/min. We used a super short pulse mode (SSP: pulse duration: 50 μs). We used a single irradiation passage backward from apex to cervical parts at 1 mm/s with a slight contact and at an angle of 15° to 30° between the tip and the root surface. Different energies were selected: 30 mJ, 40 mJ, 50 mJ, and 60 mJ. RESULTS Microscopic observations showed that the average of the ablation depth increased with the increase of the delivered energy from 30 mJ to 60 mJ. Mean values of the ablation depths were respectively as follows: 43.75 ± 4.89 µm for the energy of 30 mJ, 50.05 ± 3.72 µm for 40 mJ, 65.56 ± 10.35 µm for 50 mJ, and 74.80 ± 15.23 µm for 60 mJ. A statistically significant difference existed between the ablation depth of all groups. CONCLUSION Based on our results, the depth of cementum debridement is related to the level of the delivered energy. The lowest energy levels (30 mJ and 40 mJ) can ablate the root cementum surface for a variable depth from 43.75 ± 4.89 μm to 50.05 ± 3.72 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nahas
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath campus, Beirut 1003, Lebanon
| | - Saad Houeis
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Remi Chamboredon
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Daniel Heysselaer
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Dean of Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1003, Lebanon
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Lazăr L, Manu DR, Dako T, Mârțu MA, Suciu M, Ormenișan A, Păcurar M, Lazăr AP. Effects of Laser Application on Alveolar Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoblasts: An In Vitro Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102358. [PMID: 36292047 PMCID: PMC9600660 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone marrow have a great differentiation potential, being able to produce many cell lines, including osteoblasts. Osteoblasts have an important role in bone remodeling by actively participating in the maturation and mineralization of the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of laser application on the viability and proliferation of osteoblasts. Methods: Alveolar bone was harvested from 8 patients and placed into a culture medium to induce proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. These were differentiated into osteoblasts in special conditions. The cells from each patient were split into two groups, one was treated using a 980 nm laser (1W output power, pulsed mode, 20 s, 50 mm distance) (laser “+”) and the other one did not receive laser stimulation (laser “-”). Results: Using the confocal microscope, we determined that the cells from the laser “+” group were more active when compared to the laser “-” group. The number of cells in the laser “+” group was significantly greater compared to the laser “-” group as the ImageJ-NIH software showed (p = 0.0072). Conclusions: Laser application increases the proliferation rate of osteoblasts and intensifies their cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminița Lazăr
- Department of Periodontology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Ghe. Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Doina Ramona Manu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Timea Dako
- Department of Odontology and Oral Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Ghe. Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (M.-A.M.); Tel.: +40-740629857 (T.D.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Mârțu
- Department of Periodontology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.D.); (M.-A.M.); Tel.: +40-740629857 (T.D.)
| | - Mircea Suciu
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Occlusology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Ghe. Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Ormenișan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Ghe. Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Mariana Păcurar
- Department of Orthodontics, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Ghe. Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Ana-Petra Lazăr
- Institution Organizing University Doctoral Studies (I. O. S. U. D.), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureş, 38 Ghe. Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
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12
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Orthopedics-Related Applications of Ultrafast Laser and Its Recent Advances. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12083957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential of ultrafast lasers (pico- to femtosecond) in orthopedics-related procedures has been studied extensively for clinical adoption. As compared to conventional laser systems with continuous wave or longer wave pulse, ultrafast lasers provide advantages such as higher precision and minimal collateral thermal damages. Translation to surgical applications in the clinic has been restrained by limitations of material removal rate and pulse average power, whereas the use in surface texturing of implants has become more refined to greatly improve bioactivation and osteointegration within bone matrices. With recent advances, we review the advantages and limitations of ultrafast lasers, specifically in orthopedic bone ablation as well as bone implant laser texturing, and consider the difficulties encountered within orthopedic surgical applications where ultrafast lasers could provide a benefit. We conclude by proposing our perspectives on applications where ultrafast lasers could be of advantage, specifically due to the non-thermal nature of ablation and control of cutting.
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13
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Qu C, Luo F, Hong G, Wan Q. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on implant stability and postoperative recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 60:e712-e721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Parker S, Cronshaw M, Grootveld M, George R, Anagnostaki E, Mylona V, Chala M, Walsh L. The influence of delivery power losses and full operating parametry on the effectiveness of diode visible-near infra-red (445-1064 nm) laser therapy in dentistry-a multi-centre investigation. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2249-2257. [PMID: 35028767 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of protocols for laser-assisted therapy demands strict compliance with comprehensive operating parametry. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the accuracy of correlation between laser control panel and fibre emission power values in a selection of diode dental lasers. Through retrospective analysis using successive systematic review and meta-analysis, it is clear that there is inconsistency in the details, and possible inaccuracies in laser power applied and associated computed data. Through a multi-centre investigation, 38 semi-conductor ("diode") dental laser units were chosen, with emission wavelengths ranging from 445 to 1064 nm. Each unit had been recently serviced according to manufacturer's recommendations, and delivery fibre assembly checked for patency and correct alignment with the parent laser unit. Subject to the output capacity of each laser, four average power values were chosen using the laser control panel-100 mW, 500 mW, 1.0 W, and 2.0 W. Using a calibrated power meter, the post-fibre emission power value was measured, and a percentage power loss calculated. For each emission, a series of six measurements were made and analysed to investigate sources of power losses along the delivery fibre, and to evaluate the precision of power loss determinations. Statistical analysis of a dataset comprising % deviations from power setting levels was performed using a factorial ANOVA model, and this demonstrated very highly significant differences between devices tested and emission power levels applied (p < 10-142 and < 10-52 respectively). The devices × emission power interaction effect was also markedly significant (p < 10-66), and this confirmed that differences observed in these deviations for each prior power setting parameter were dependent on the device employed for delivery. Power losses were found to be negatively related to power settings applied. Significant differences have emerged to recommend the need to standardize a minimum set of parameters that should form the basis of comparative research into laser-tissue interactions, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Parker
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
| | - Mark Cronshaw
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.,School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Grootveld
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Roy George
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Valina Mylona
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Marianna Chala
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laurence Walsh
- Emeritus Professor, University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Herston, QLD, Australia
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15
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Teixeira MA, Papini JZB, Garcez A, Tofoli GR. Comparative analysis of two laser wavelengths in the stimulation of acupuncture points for analgesic effects in an animal model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100213. [PMID: 34658149 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the effectiveness of two laser wavelengths for stimulating acupoints in an experimental model of acute postoperative pain. Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive treatment on their left hind paw, contralateral to a surgical procedure. Laser treatments were performed with Green Laser-GL (532 nm, 70 mW and 7 J/cm2 of energy), Red Laser-RL (660 nm, 100 mW and 7 J/cm2 of energy), or with Laser Off-LO. After each application, the animals were evaluated with a Von Frey analgesiometer to check for painful sensitivity on their right (with surgery) and left (without surgery) hind paws. Neuropeptides and cytokine levels in the incision site tissue of the right paw were measured by ELISA after 1, 6 and 24 hours. It was possible to observe that, in this pain model, both lasers promoted analgesia and that the GL altered the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aguinaldo Garcez
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Instituto de Pesquisa São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, Brazil
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16
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Bellal S, Feghali RE, Mehta A, Namachivayam A, Benedicenti S. Efficacy of near infrared dental lasers on dentinal hypersensitivity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:733-744. [PMID: 34342772 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Conventional therapies have aimed to try to help individuals suffering with dentine hypersensitivity (DH/DHS). A relatively new approach, laser therapy claims to be beneficial while having immediate and long-lasting effect. Therefore, our analysis aims to explore the immediate and 1-month efficacy of near-infrared laser (NIR) therapy in treating dentinal hypersensitivity. A systematic literature search conducted in databases, and analysis was undertaken utilizing a meta-analysis approach. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing near-infrared lasers and placebo/no treatment in patients (> 18 years) were included. The risk of bias for included studies was assessed using Cochrane RoB tool (for randomized studies). Random effects meta-analyses model of standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. A comprehensive electronic and manual search yielded a total of 1081 potential articles. Following the implementation of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 6 studies were included in the analysis. Near-infrared laser therapy led to statistical significant reduction in immediate and 1-month follow-up VAS (visual analog scale) scores compared to placebo/no treatment (p < 0.05). Statistical heterogeneity across the studies was high (I2-96%). The findings suggest that near-infrared laser therapy does have a significant immediate effect in reducing dentine hypersensitivity compared to placebo/no treatment. Furthermore, this effect is not diminished and endured at 1-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Bellal
- Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka State, India. .,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Rita El Feghali
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Abha Mehta
- Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka State, India
| | | | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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17
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Palaia G, D'Alessandro L, Pergolini D, Carletti R, Di Gioia CRT, Romeo U. In vivo clinical and histological thermal effect of a 445 nm diode laser on oral soft tissues during a biopsy. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:280-282. [PMID: 33980770 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Blue diode laser emits a 445 nm wavelength light, which is extremely effective with hemoglobin, and has an optimal hemostatic effect. This work analyzes its thermal effects and clinical efficacy, when used to perform excisional biopsies. Forty-two excisional biopsies were performed with the laser; then, the extent of perincisional thermal effects was evaluated and patients were followed up. Average alteration on epithelial tissue was 507.07 µm, and on connective tissue was 320.39 µm. In all the cases, it was possible to obtain a histological diagnosis. Diode lasers can be safely used to perform biopsies; various intra- and postoperative advantages were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspare Palaia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | - Daniele Pergolini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Cira R T Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome
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18
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Aesthetic Treatment Outcomes of Capillary Hemangioma, Venous Lake, and Venous Malformation of the Lip Using Different Surgical Procedures and Laser Wavelengths (Nd:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, CO 2, and Diode 980 nm). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228665. [PMID: 33266374 PMCID: PMC7700507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Different approaches with different clinical outcomes have been found in treating capillary hemangioma (CH), venous lake (VL), or venous malformations (VM) of the lips. This retrospective study aims to assess scar quality, recurrence rate, and patient satisfaction after different surgeries with different laser wavelengths. A total of 143 patients with CH or VM were included. Nd:YAG laser was used for 47 patients, diode 980 nm laser was used for 32 patients (treatments by transmucosal photo-thermo-coagulation), Er,Cr:YSSG laser was used for 12 patients (treatments by excision), and CO2 laser was used for 52 patients (treatments by photo-vaporization). The Manchester scar scale was used by practitioners to assess the scar quality. The recurrence rate and patients' satisfaction were noted at different follow-ups during 12 months. Our retrospective study showed that laser-assisted aesthetic treatment of vascular lesions (CH, VL, and VM) of the lips can be considered effective regardless of the wavelength used (Er,Cr:YSGG, CO2, Nd:YAG, and diode 980 nm) or the treatment procedure (transmucosal photo-thermo-coagulation, photo-vaporization, and surgical excision). There was no significant difference in patient and practitioner satisfaction with aesthetic outcome at 6 months follow-up. Furthermore, the treatments of lip vascular lesions performed using Er,Cr:YSGG and CO2 lasers did not show any recurrence during the 12 months of follow-up, while recurrence rates of 11% ± 1.4% and 8% ± 0.9% were seen in the diode and Nd:YAG groups, respectively.
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