Contact Angle and Cell Adhesion of Micro/Nano-Structured Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Membranes for Dental Regenerative Therapy

Composite barrier membrane for bone regeneration: advancing biomaterial strategies in defect repair

Bone defects represent a significant challenge in clinical practice, driving the need for innovative solutions that effectively support bone regeneration. Barrier membranes, due to playing a critical role in creating an environment conducive to bone regeneration by preventing the infiltration of non-osteogenic tissues, are widely applied to bone repair. However, inadequate spatial stability and osteogenesis-promoting ability often limit current barrier membranes. In response to these challenges, we have developed an advanced gelatin methacrylate/hydroxyapatite/hydroxyapatite membrane (GelMA/HAp/HAM) composite biomaterial designed as a barrier membrane with superior spatial stability and optimal degradation properties. The GelMA/HAp/HAM composite features a bilayer structure, with each layer possessing distinct properties: the dense hydroxyapatite membrane (HAM) acts as a barrier to prevent connective tissue infiltration. In contrast, the porous gelatin methacrylate/hydroxyapatite (GelMA/HAp) hydrogel layer promotes osteogenesis. Studies have demonstrated the composite's excellent biocompatibility and its significant osteogenic differentiation enhancement. This composite membrane holds great promise for clinical applications in bone defect repair, providing a new avenue for improving patient outcomes in regenerative medicine.

Cationic Gas-Permeable Mold Fabrication Using Sol-Gel Polymerization for Nano-Injection Molding

Cationic gas-permeable molds fabricated via sol-gel polymerization undergo cationic polymerization using epoxide, resulting in gas permeability owing to their cross-linked structures. By applying this cationic gas-permeable mold to nano-injection molding, which is used for the mass production of resins, nano-protrusion structures with a height of approximately 300 nm and a pitch of approximately 400 nm were produced. The molding defects caused by gas entrapment in the air and cavities when using conventional gas-impermeable metal molds were improved, and the cationic gas-permeable mold could be continuously fabricated for 3000 shots under non-vacuum conditions. The results of the mechanical evaluations showed improved thermal stability and Martens hardness, which is expected to lead to the advanced production of resin nano-structures. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the nano-protrusion structures fabricated using injection molding improved the water contact angle by approximately 46°, contributing to the development of various hydrophobic materials in the future.

A chlorogenic acid-chitosan complex bifunctional coating for improving osteogenesis differentiation and bactericidal properties of zirconia implants

Poor osteogenesis caused by limited bioactivity and peri-implantitis caused by bacterial colonization are the main challenges affecting the use of zirconia-based materials in dental implants. Accordingly, the development of a surface treatment method with an antibacterial effect and that promotes osteogenesis without damage to cells is crucial for yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) implants. Herein, we have developed a functional surface modification strategy whereby a poly (ethylene imine)/hyaluronic acid /chitosan-chlorogenic acid (PEI/HA/CGA-CS) conjugate is deposited on a zirconia surface by the layer-by-layer (LBL) technique, enhancing its osteogenic differentiation and antibacterial activities. The results showed that the PEI/HA/CGA-CS coating improved the wettability of the zirconia surface and maintained stable release of CGA. The PEI/HA/CGA-CS functional coating was found to promote early cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and calcification. The results of bacterial adhesion and activity tests showed that the coating effectively inhibits the proliferation and activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) without impairing the biological activity of osteoblasts. In addition, we found that the PEI/HA/CGA-CS coating enhances the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 cells by promoting the protein expression of Nephronectin (NPNT) and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The above results are of profound significance for the practical application of zirconia-based implants. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.

Improve endothelialization of metallic cardiovascular stent via femtosecond laser induced micro/nanostructure dependent cells proliferation and drug delivery control

Regarding restenosis occurrence risk after metallic stent deployment in artery, stents with vascular smooth muscle cells antiproliferative agents sustained released from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coating and endothelial cells proliferation favored surface textures were both attempted for endothelialization enhancement. In order to explore the interaction between the surface texture and performance of drug loaded PLGA coating, femtosecond laser surface treatment was used to change the surface characteristics of 316L stainless steel. Two different surface patterns in form of stripe (FSL100) and isolated island-like structure (FSL800) were firstly generated by femtosecond laser processing with 100 and 800 mW energy, then Rapamycin loaded PLGA coating was further deposited to polished and femtosecond laser processed 316L surfaces via a dip-coating method. The subsequent drug loading capacity and release profile studies confirmed the roles of surface texture. Morphological transition characteristics of the PLGA coating on the FLS100 sample indicate that the coating has integrity during degradation compared to the polished one. Finally, rapamycin eluting FLS100 stent was deployed to iliac arteries of New Zealand White rabbits with vascular plaques to demonstrate its endothelialization potential and resistance to restenosis.

Early Immune Response in Foreign Body Reaction Is Implant/Material Specific

The design of novel biomaterials should directly influence the host-immune system and steer it towards high biocompatibility. To date, new implants/materials have been tested for biocompatibility in vitro in cell cultures and in vivo in animal models. The current methods do not reflect reality (cell cultures) or are very time-consuming and deliver results only after weeks (animal model). In this proof-of-concept study, the suitability of a Whole Blood Stimulation Assay (WBSA) in combination with a Protein Profiler Array (PPA), as a readily available and cost-effective screening tool, was investigated. Three different biomaterials based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), calcium sulphate/-carbonate (CS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were exposed to native whole blood from three volunteers and subsequently screened with a PPA. Individual reproducible protein profiles could be detected for all three materials after 24 h of incubation. The most intense reaction resulted from the use of PLGA, followed by CS. If even marginal differences in implants can be reflected in protein profiles, the combination of WBSA and PPA could serve as an early biocompatibility screening tool in the development of novel biomaterials. This may also lead to a reduction in costs and the amount of animal testing required.