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He J, Chen L, Ge Y, Shi S, Li F. Four-Objective Optimizations of a Single Resonance Energy Selective Electron Refrigerator. ENTROPY 2022; 24:1445. [PMCID: PMC9601456 DOI: 10.3390/e24101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the established model of a single resonance energy selective electron refrigerator with heat leakage in the previous literature, this paper performs multi-objective optimization with finite-time thermodynamic theory and NSGA-II algorithm. Cooling load (R¯), coefficient of performance (ε), ecological function (ECO¯), and figure of merit (χ¯) of the ESER are taken as objective functions. Energy boundary (E′/kB) and resonance width (ΔE/kB) are regarded as optimization variables and their optimal intervals are obtained. The optimal solutions of quadru-, tri-, bi-, and single-objective optimizations are obtained by selecting the minimum deviation indices with three approaches of TOPSIS, LINMAP, and Shannon Entropy; the smaller the value of deviation index, the better the result. The results show that values of E′/kB and ΔE/kB are closely related to the values of the four optimization objectives; selecting the appropriate values of the system can design the system for optimal performance. The deviation indices are 0.0812 with LINMAP and TOPSIS approaches for four-objective optimization (ECO¯−R¯−ε−χ¯), while the deviation indices are 0.1085, 0.8455, 0.1865, and 0.1780 for four single-objective optimizations of maximum ECO¯, R¯, ε, and χ¯, respectively. Compared with single-objective optimization, four-objective optimization can better take different optimization objectives into account by choosing appropriate decision-making approaches. The optimal values of E′/kB and ΔE/kB range mainly from 12 to 13, and 1.5 to 2.5, respectively, for the four-objective optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu He
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Lingen Chen
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanlin Ge
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shuangshuang Shi
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Chemical Equipment, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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Future Perspectives of Finite-Time Thermodynamics. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24050690. [PMID: 35626573 PMCID: PMC9141533 DOI: 10.3390/e24050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Johal RS, Mehta V. Quantum Heat Engines with Complex Working Media, Complete Otto Cycles and Heuristics. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 23:1149. [PMID: 34573774 PMCID: PMC8468726 DOI: 10.3390/e23091149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantum thermal machines make use of non-classical thermodynamic resources, one of which include interactions between elements of the quantum working medium. In this paper, we examine the performance of a quasi-static quantum Otto engine based on two spins of arbitrary magnitudes subject to an external magnetic field and coupled via an isotropic Heisenberg exchange interaction. It has been shown earlier that the said interaction provides an enhancement of cycle efficiency, with an upper bound that is tighter than the Carnot efficiency. However, the necessary conditions governing engine performance and the relevant upper bound for efficiency are unknown for the general case of arbitrary spin magnitudes. By analyzing extreme case scenarios, we formulate heuristics to infer the necessary conditions for an engine with uncoupled as well as coupled spin model. These conditions lead us to a connection between performance of quantum heat engines and the notion of majorization. Furthermore, the study of complete Otto cycles inherent in the average cycle also yields interesting insights into the average performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep S. Johal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, Punjab, India;
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PD-Based Optimal ADRC with Improved Linear Extended State Observer. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23070888. [PMID: 34356430 PMCID: PMC8306635 DOI: 10.3390/e23070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taking dead-zone nonlinearlity and external disturbances into account, an active disturbance rejection optimal controller based on a proportional-derivative (PD) control law is proposed by connecting the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), with the purpose of providing an efficient and practical technology, and improving the dynamic and steady-state control performances. Firstly, in order to eliminate the negative effects of the dead-zone, a class of 2-order typical single-input single-out system model is established after compensating the dead-zone. Following that, PD control law is introduced to replace the state error feedback control law in ADRC to simplify the control design. By analyzing the characteristics of the traditional linear extended state observer, an improved linear extended state observer is designed, with the purpose of improving the estimation performance of disturbances. Moreover, employing PSO with a designed objective function to optimize parameters of controller to improve control performance. Finally, ten comparative experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.
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Performance Optimizations with Single-, Bi-, Tri-, and Quadru-Objective for Irreversible Atkinson Cycle with Nonlinear Variation of Working Fluid’s Specific Heat. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14144175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Considering nonlinear variation of working fluid’s specific heat with its temperature, finite-time thermodynamic theory is applied to analyze and optimize the characteristics of an irreversible Atkinson cycle. Through numerical calculations, performance relationships between cycle dimensionless power density versus compression ratio and dimensionless power density versus thermal efficiency are obtained, respectively. When the design parameters take certain specific values, the performance differences of reversible, endoreversible and irreversible Atkinson cycles are compared. The maximum specific volume ratio, maximum pressure ratio, and thermal efficiency under the conditions of the maximum power output and maximum power density are compared. Based on NSGA-II, the single-, bi-, tri-, and quadru-objective optimizations are performed when the compression ratio is used as the optimization variable, and the cycle dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, dimensionless ecological function, and dimensionless power density are used as the optimization objectives. The deviation indexes are obtained based on LINMAP, TOPSIS, and Shannon entropy solutions under different combinations of optimization objectives. By comparing the deviation indexes of bi-, tri- and quadru-objective optimization and the deviation indexes of single-objective optimizations based on maximum power output, maximum thermal efficiency, maximum ecological function and maximum power density, it is found that the deviation indexes of multi-objective optimization are smaller, and the solution of multi-objective optimization is desirable. The comparison results show that when the LINMAP solution is optimized with the dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, and dimensionless power density as the objective functions, the deviation index is 0.1247, and this optimization objective combination is the most ideal.
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Qi C, Ding Z, Chen L, Ge Y, Feng H. Modeling and Performance Optimization of an Irreversible Two-Stage Combined Thermal Brownian Heat Engine. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23040419. [PMID: 33807398 PMCID: PMC8065476 DOI: 10.3390/e23040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on finite time thermodynamics, an irreversible combined thermal Brownian heat engine model is established in this paper. The model consists of two thermal Brownian heat engines which are operating in tandem with thermal contact with three heat reservoirs. The rates of heat transfer are finite between the heat engine and the reservoir. Considering the heat leakage and the losses caused by kinetic energy change of particles, the formulas of steady current, power output and efficiency are derived. The power output and efficiency of combined heat engine are smaller than that of single heat engine operating between reservoirs with same temperatures. When the potential filed is free from external load, the effects of asymmetry of the potential, barrier height and heat leakage on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. When the potential field is free from external load, the effects of basic design parameters on the performance of the combined heat engine are analyzed. The optimal power and efficiency are obtained by optimizing the barrier heights of two heat engines. The optimal working regions are obtained. There is optimal temperature ratio which maximize the overall power output or efficiency. When the potential filed is subjected to external load, effect of external load is analyzed. The steady current decreases versus external load; the power output and efficiency are monotonically increasing versus external load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzheng Qi
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (C.Q.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China;
| | - Zemin Ding
- College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China;
| | - Lingen Chen
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (C.Q.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Yanlin Ge
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (C.Q.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Huijun Feng
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (C.Q.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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Four-Objective Optimizations for an Improved Irreversible Closed Modified Simple Brayton Cycle. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23030282. [PMID: 33652671 PMCID: PMC7996966 DOI: 10.3390/e23030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
An improved irreversible closed modified simple Brayton cycle model with one isothermal heating process is established in this paper by using finite time thermodynamics. The heat reservoirs are variable-temperature ones. The irreversible losses in the compressor, turbine, and heat exchangers are considered. Firstly, the cycle performance is optimized by taking four performance indicators, including the dimensionless power output, thermal efficiency, dimensionless power density, and dimensionless ecological function, as the optimization objectives. The impacts of the irreversible losses on the optimization results are analyzed. The results indicate that four objective functions increase as the compressor and turbine efficiencies increase. The influences of the latter efficiency on the cycle performances are more significant than those of the former efficiency. Then, the NSGA-II algorithm is applied for multi-objective optimization, and three different decision methods are used to select the optimal solution from the Pareto frontier. The results show that the dimensionless power density and dimensionless ecological function compromise dimensionless power output and thermal efficiency. The corresponding deviation index of the Shannon Entropy method is equal to the corresponding deviation index of the maximum ecological function.
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Kong R, Chen L, Xia S, Li P, Ge Y. Minimization of Entropy Generation Rate in Hydrogen Iodide Decomposition Reactor Heated by High-Temperature Helium. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23010082. [PMID: 33429980 PMCID: PMC7828003 DOI: 10.3390/e23010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle is a potential method for hydrogen production, and the hydrogen iodide (HI) decomposition is the key step to determine the efficiency of hydrogen production in the cycle. To further reduce the irreversibility of various transmission processes in the HI decomposition reaction, a one-dimensional plug flow model of HI decomposition tubular reactor is established, and performance optimization with entropy generate rate minimization (EGRM) in the decomposition reaction system as an optimization goal based on finite-time thermodynamics is carried out. The reference reactor is heated counter-currently by high-temperature helium gas, the optimal reactor and the modified reactor are designed based on the reference reactor design parameters. With the EGRM as the optimization goal, the optimal control method is used to solve the optimal configuration of the reactor under the condition that both the reactant inlet state and hydrogen production rate are fixed, and the optimal value of total EGR in the reactor is reduced by 13.3% compared with the reference value. The reference reactor is improved on the basis of the total EGR in the optimal reactor, two modified reactors with increased length are designed under the condition of changing the helium inlet state. The total EGR of the two modified reactors are the same as that of the optimal reactor, which are realized by decreasing the helium inlet temperature and helium inlet flow rate, respectively. The results show that the EGR of heat transfer accounts for a large proportion, and the decrease of total EGR is mainly caused by reducing heat transfer irreversibility. The local total EGR of the optimal reactor distribution is more uniform, which approximately confirms the principle of equipartition of entropy production. The EGR distributions of the modified reactors are similar to that of the reference reactor, but the reactor length increases significantly, bringing a relatively large pressure drop. The research results have certain guiding significance to the optimum design of HI decomposition reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kong
- College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China; (R.K.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Lingen Chen
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-83615046
| | - Shaojun Xia
- College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China; (R.K.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Penglei Li
- College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China; (R.K.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Yanlin Ge
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China;
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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Shi S, Ge Y, Chen L, Feng H. Four-Objective Optimization of Irreversible Atkinson Cycle Based on NSGA-II. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 22:E1150. [PMID: 33286919 PMCID: PMC7597310 DOI: 10.3390/e22101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Variation trends of dimensionless power density (PD) with a compression ratio and thermal efficiency (TE) are discussed according to the irreversible Atkinson cycle (AC) model established in previous literature. Then, for the fixed cycle temperature ratio, the maximum specific volume ratios, the maximum pressure ratios, and the TEs corresponding to the maximum power output (PO) and the maximum PD are compared. Finally, multi-objective optimization (MOO) of cycle performance with dimensionless PO, TE, dimensionless PD, and dimensionless ecological function (EF) as the optimization objectives and compression ratio as the optimization variable are performed by applying the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The results show that there is an optimal compression ratio which will maximize the dimensionless PD. The relation curve of the dimensionless PD and compression ratio is a parabolic-like one, and the dimensionless PD and TE is a loop-shaped one. The AC engine has smaller size and higher TE under the maximum PD condition than those of under the maximum PO condition. With the increase of TE, the dimensionless PO will decrease, the dimensionless PD will increase, and the dimensionless EF will first increase and then decrease. There is no positive ideal point in Pareto frontier. The optimal solutions by using three decision-making methods are compared. This paper analyzes the performance of the PD of the AC with three losses, and performs MOO of dimensionless PO, TE, dimensionless PD, and dimensionless EF. The new conclusions obtained have theoretical guideline value for the optimal design of actual Atkinson heat engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Shi
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (S.S.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yanlin Ge
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (S.S.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Lingen Chen
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (S.S.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Huijun Feng
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; (S.S.); (Y.G.); (H.F.)
- School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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