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Chifu VR, Pop CB, Demjen D, Socaci R, Todea D, Antal M, Cioara T, Anghel I, Antal C. Identifying and Monitoring the Daily Routine of Seniors Living at Home. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030992. [PMID: 35161739 PMCID: PMC8840439 DOI: 10.3390/s22030992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
As the population in the Western world is rapidly aging, the remote monitoring solutions integrated into the living environment of seniors have the potential to reduce the care burden helping them to self-manage problems associated with old age. The daily routine is considered a useful tool for addressing age-related problems having additional benefits for seniors like reduced stress and anxiety, increased feeling of safety and security. In this paper, we propose a solution for identifying the daily routines of seniors using the monitored activities of daily living and for inferring deviations from the routines that may require caregivers’ interventions. A Markov model-based method is defined to identify the daily routines, while entropy rate and cosine functions are used to measure and assess the similarity between the daily monitored activities in a day and the inferred routine. A distributed monitoring system was developed that uses Beacons and trilateration techniques for monitoring the activities of older adults. The results are promising, the proposed techniques can identify the daily routines with confidence concerning the activity duration of 0.98 and the sequence of activities in the interval of [0.0794, 0.0829]. Regarding deviation identification, our method obtains 0.88 as the best sensitivity value with an average precision of 0.95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Rozina Chifu
- Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.R.C.); (D.T.); (M.A.); (T.C.); (I.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Bianca Pop
- Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.R.C.); (D.T.); (M.A.); (T.C.); (I.A.); (C.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-202-352
| | - David Demjen
- Department of Informatics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Radu Socaci
- Mobile Clients Team, Prime Video, Amazon, 1 Principal Place, Worship St, London EC2A 2FA, UK;
| | - Daniel Todea
- Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.R.C.); (D.T.); (M.A.); (T.C.); (I.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Marcel Antal
- Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.R.C.); (D.T.); (M.A.); (T.C.); (I.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Tudor Cioara
- Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.R.C.); (D.T.); (M.A.); (T.C.); (I.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Ionut Anghel
- Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.R.C.); (D.T.); (M.A.); (T.C.); (I.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Claudia Antal
- Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.R.C.); (D.T.); (M.A.); (T.C.); (I.A.); (C.A.)
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