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Yu WY, Sun TH, Hsu KC, Wang CC, Chien SY, Tsai CH, Yang YW. Comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms for Alzheimer's disease classification using EEG signals and genetic information. Comput Biol Med 2024; 176:108621. [PMID: 38763067 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairments, and behavioral changes. The presence of abnormal beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain is known to be associated with AD. However, current limitations of imaging technology hinder the direct detection of these substances. Consequently, researchers are exploring alternative approaches, such as indirect assessments involving monitoring brain signals, cognitive decline levels, and blood biomarkers. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of integrating genetic information into these approaches to enhance early detection and diagnosis, offering a more comprehensive understanding of AD pathology beyond the constraints of existing imaging methods. Our study utilized electroencephalography (EEG) signals, genotypes, and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) as features for machine learning models. We compared the performance of gradient boosting (XGB), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) to determine the optimal model. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between EEG signals and clinical manifestations, demonstrating the ability to distinguish the complexity of AD from other diseases by using genetic information. By integrating EEG with genetic data in an SVM model, we achieved exceptional classification performance, with an accuracy of 0.920 and an area under the curve of 0.916. This study presents a novel approach of utilizing real-time EEG data and genetic background information for multimodal machine learning. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of this concept, providing deeper insights into the actual condition of patients with AD and overcoming the limitations associated with single-oriented data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Yu
- Artificial Intelligence Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sun
- Artificial Intelligence Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Artificial Intelligence Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wang
- Artificial Intelligence Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Chien
- Artificial Intelligence Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, College of Medicine, China Medical University, 40402, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wan Yang
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Kim D, Kim Y, Park J, Choi H, Ryu H, Loeser M, Seo K. Exploring the Relationship between Behavioral and Neurological Impairments Due to Mild Cognitive Impairment: Correlation Study between Virtual Kiosk Test and EEG-SSVEP. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3543. [PMID: 38894334 PMCID: PMC11175241 DOI: 10.3390/s24113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease, making early screening imperative for potential intervention and prevention of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, there is a demand for research to identify effective and easy-to-use tools for aMCI screening. While behavioral tests in virtual reality environments have successfully captured behavioral features related to instrumental activities of daily living for aMCI screening, further investigations are necessary to establish connections between cognitive decline and neurological changes. Utilizing electroencephalography with steady-state visual evoked potentials, this study delved into the correlation between behavioral features recorded during virtual reality tests and neurological features obtained by measuring neural activity in the dorsal stream. As a result, this multimodal approach achieved an impressive screening accuracy of 98.38%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuwon Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Hojin Choi
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Hokyoung Ryu
- Graduate School of Technology and Innovation Management, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea;
| | - Martin Loeser
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mechatronics, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Kyoungwon Seo
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (Y.K.)
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Yang SY, Lin PH, Wang JY, Fu SH. Effectiveness of binaural beat music combined with rhythmical photic stimulation on older people with depressive symptoms in long-term care institution: a quasi-experimental pilot study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:86. [PMID: 38558209 PMCID: PMC10984885 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many older adults residing in long-term care often face issues like poor sleep, reduced vitality, and depression. Non-pharmacological approaches, specifically Binaural Beat Music (BBM) and Rhythmic Photic Stimulation (RPS), may alleviate these symptoms, yet their efficacy in this demographic has not been extensively explored. AIMS This study investigated the effects of combined BBM and RPS interventions on sleep quality, vitality, and depression among older residents with depressive symptoms in long-term care facilities. METHODS Using a quasi-experimental design, a total of 88 older adults with depressive symptoms from Taiwanese daytime care centers were divided into the BBM with RPS, and Sham groups (44 each). They underwent 20-minute daily sessions of their assigned treatment for two weeks. The BBM with RPS group listened to 10 Hz binaural beat music with 10 Hz photic stimulation glasses, and the Sham group received non-stimulating music and glasses. RESULTS After the intervention, participants in the BBM with RPS groups showed significant improvements in vitality and depressive mood, with a notable increase in sympathetic nervous system activity. Conversely, the Sham group exhibited significant deterioration in vitality and mental health, with a significant increase in parasympathetic activity. Additionally, compared with the Sham group, the BBM and RPS groups showed significant improvements in vitality, mental health, and depression, with a significant increase in sympathetic nervous activity. CONCLUSION The two-week intervention suggests that the combination of BBM and RPS, as a non-invasive intervention, can potentially improve vitality, mental health, and depressive mood among older adults in long-term care institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yu Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd, 41354, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C..
| | - Pin-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Health and Beauty, Shu Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, 821, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Wang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd, 41354, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hau Fu
- Department of Acupressure Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 717, Tainan, Taiwan
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Victorino DB, Faber J, Pinheiro DJLL, Scorza FA, Almeida ACG, Costa ACS, Scorza CA. Toward the Identification of Neurophysiological Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease in Down Syndrome: A Potential Role for Cross-Frequency Phase-Amplitude Coupling Analysis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:428-449. [PMID: 37008053 PMCID: PMC10017148 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) mechanisms play a central role in brain activity. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to many brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may produce unique patterns of brain activity detectable by electroencephalography (EEG). Identifying biomarkers for AD diagnosis is also an ambition among research teams working in Down syndrome (DS), given the increased susceptibility of people with DS to develop early-onset AD (DS-AD). Here, we review accumulating evidence that altered theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) may be one of the earliest EEG signatures of AD, and therefore may serve as an adjuvant tool for detecting cognitive decline in DS-AD. We suggest that this field of research could potentially provide clues to the biophysical mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in DS-AD and generate opportunities for identifying EEG-based biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic utility in DS-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella B Victorino
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jean Faber
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel J. L. L Pinheiro
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antônio C. G Almeida
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Federal University of São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alberto C. S Costa
- Division of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo / Paulista Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Liu M, Ma J, Fu CY, Yeo J, Xiao SS, Xiao WX, Li RR, Zhang W, Xie ZM, Li YJ, Li YX. Dysfunction of Emotion Regulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment Individuals Combined With Depressive Disorder: A Neural Mechanism Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:884741. [PMID: 35936769 PMCID: PMC9354008 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.884741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression increases the risk of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, where impaired emotion regulation is a core symptom of depression. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the decreased emotion regulation in individuals with MCI combined with depressive symptoms are not precise. We assessed the behavioral performance by emotion regulation tasks and recorded event-related electroencephalography (EEG) signals related to emotion regulation tasks simultaneously. EEG analysis, including event-related potential (ERP), event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP), functional connectivity and graph theory, was used to compare the difference between MCI individuals and MCI depressed individuals in behavioral performance, the late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes, neural oscillations and brain networks during the processing of emotional stimuli. We found that MCI depressed individuals have negative preferences and are prone to allocate more attentional resources to negative stimuli. Results suggested that theta and alpha oscillations activity is increased, and gamma oscillations activity is decreased during negative stimulus processing in MCI depressed individuals, thus indicating that the decreased emotion regulation in MCI depressed individuals may be associated with enhanced low-frequency and decreased high-frequency oscillations activity. Functional connectivity analysis revealed a decrease in functional connectivity in the left cerebral hemisphere of the alpha band and an increase in functional connectivity in the right cerebral hemisphere of the alpha band in MCI depressed individuals. Graph theory analysis suggested that global network metrics, including clustering coefficients and disassortative, decreased, while nodal and modular network metrics regarding local nodal efficiency, degree centrality, and betweenness centrality were significantly increased in the frontal lobe and decreased in the parieto-occipital lobe, which was observed in the alpha band, further suggesting that abnormal alpha band network connectivity may be a potential marker of depressive symptoms. Correlational analyses showed that depressive symptoms were closely related to emotion regulation, power oscillations and functional connectivity. In conclusion, the dominant processing of negative stimuli, the increased low-frequency oscillations activity and decreased high-frequency activity, so as the decrease in top-down information processing in the frontal parieto-occipital lobe, results in the abnormality of alpha-band network connectivity. It is suggested that these factors, in turn, contribute to the declined ability of MCI depressed individuals in emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Yong Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Janelle Yeo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sha-Sha Xiao
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Xin Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Ren Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Mai Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Ying-Jie Li,
| | - Yun-Xia Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-Xia Li,
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Scheijbeler EP, van Nifterick AM, Stam CJ, Hillebrand A, Gouw AA, de Haan W. Network-level permutation entropy of resting-state MEG recordings: A novel biomarker for early-stage Alzheimer's disease? Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:382-400. [PMID: 35733433 PMCID: PMC9208018 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that measures of signal variability and complexity could present promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Earlier studies have however been limited to the characterization of local activity. Here, we investigate whether a network version of permutation entropy could serve as a novel biomarker for early-stage AD. Resting-state source-space magnetoencephalography was recorded in 18 subjects with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and 18 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Local activity was characterized by permutation entropy (PE). Network-level interactions were studied using the inverted joint permutation entropy (JPEinv), corrected for volume conduction. The JPEinv showed a reduction of nonlinear connectivity in MCI subjects in the theta and alpha band. Local PE showed increased theta band entropy. Between-group differences were widespread across brain regions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of classification of MCI versus SCD subjects revealed that a logistic regression model trained on JPEinv features (78.4% [62.5-93.3%]) slightly outperformed PE (76.9% [60.3-93.4%]) and relative theta power-based models (76.9% [60.4-93.3%]). Classification performance of theta JPEinv was at least as good as the relative theta power benchmark. The JPEinv is therefore a potential biomarker for early-stage AD that should be explored in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliz P. Scheijbeler
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne M. van Nifterick
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. Stam
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Hillebrand
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alida A. Gouw
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem de Haan
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and MEG Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Reduced System Complexity of Heart Rate Dynamics in Patients with Hyperthyroidism: A Multiscale Entropy Analysis. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24020258. [PMID: 35205552 PMCID: PMC8871399 DOI: 10.3390/e24020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Studying heart rate dynamics would help understand the effects caused by a hyperkinetic heart in patients with hyperthyroidism. By using a multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis of heart rate dynamics derived from one-channel electrocardiogram recording, we aimed to compare the system complexity of heart rate dynamics between hyperthyroid patients and control subjects. A decreased MSE complexity index (CI) computed from MSE analysis reflects reduced system complexity. Compared with the control subjects (n = 37), the hyperthyroid patients (n = 37) revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in MSE CI (hyperthyroid patients 10.21 ± 0.37 versus control subjects 14.08 ± 0.21), sample entropy for each scale factor (from 1 to 9), and high frequency power (HF) as well as a significant increase (p < 0.001) in low frequency power (LF) in normalized units (LF%) and ratio of LF to HF (LF/HF). In conclusion, besides cardiac autonomic dysfunction, the system complexity of heart rate dynamics is reduced in hyperthyroidism. This finding implies that the adaptability of the heart rate regulating system is impaired in hyperthyroid patients. Additionally, it might explain the exercise intolerance experienced by hyperthyroid patients. In addition, hyperthyroid patients and control subjects could be distinguished by the MSE CI computed from MSE analysis of heart rate dynamics.
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