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Niščáková V, Almáši M, Capková D, Kazda T, Čech O, Čudek P, Petruš O, Volavka D, Oriňaková R, Fedorková AS. Novel Cu(II)-based metal-organic framework STAM-1 as a sulfur host for Li-S batteries. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9232. [PMID: 38649384 PMCID: PMC11035644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for energy storage devices, the development of high-energy density batteries is very necessary. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have gained wide interest due to their particularly high-energy density. However, even this type of battery still needs to be improved. Novel Cu(II)-based metal-organic framework STAM-1 was synthesized and applied as a composite cathode material as a sulfur host in the lithium-sulfur battery with the aim of regulating the redox kinetics of sulfur cathodes. Prepared STAM-1 was characterized by infrared spectroscopy at ambient temperature and after in-situ heating, elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and textural properties by nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption at - 196 and 0 °C, respectively. Results of the SEM showed that crystals of STAM-1 created a flake-like structure, the surface was uniform and porous enough for electrolyte and sulfur infiltration. Subsequently, STAM-1 was used as a sulfur carrier in the cathode construction of a Li-S battery. The charge/discharge measurements of the novel S/STAM-1/Super P/PVDF cathode demonstrated the initial discharge capacity of 452 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C and after 100 cycles of 430 mAh g-1, with Coulombic efficiency of 97% during the whole cycling procedure at 0.5 C. It was confirmed that novel Cu-based STAM-1 flakes could accelerate the conversion of sulfur species in the cathode material.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Niščáková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04154, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - M Almáši
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04154, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - D Capková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04154, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - T Kazda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - O Čech
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Čudek
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technická 10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - O Petruš
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - D Volavka
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Park Angelinum 9, 041 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - R Oriňaková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04154, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - A S Fedorková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04154, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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Maladeniya CP, Tennyson AG, Smith RC. Single‐stage chemical recycling of plastic waste to yield durable composites via a tandem transesterification‐thiocracking process. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew G. Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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Graham MJ, Lopez CV, Maladeniya CP, Tennyson AG, Smith RC. Influence of pozzolans on plant
oil‐sulfur
polymer cements: More sustainable and
chemically‐resistant
alternatives to Portland cement. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Graham
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Claudia V. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Charini P. Maladeniya
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Andrew G. Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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Cathode materials for lithium-sulfur battery: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered to be one of the most promising candidates for becoming the post-lithium-ion battery technology, which would require a high level of energy density across a variety of applications. An increasing amount of research has been conducted on LSBs over the past decade to develop fundamental understanding, modelling, and application-based control. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of LSB technology are discussed from a fundamental perspective. Then, the focus shifts to intermediate lithium polysulfide adsorption capacity and the challenges involved in improving LSBs by using alternative materials besides carbon for cathode construction. Attempted alternative materials include metal oxides, metal carbides, metal nitrides, MXenes, graphene, quantum dots, and metal organic frameworks. One critical issue is that polar material should be more favorable than non-polar carbonaceous materials in the aspect of intermediate lithium polysulfide species adsorption and suppress shuttle effect. It will be also presented that by preparing cathode with suitable materials and morphological structure, high-performance LSB can be obtained.
Graphical abstract
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Karunarathna MS, Maladeniya CP, Lauer MK, Tennyson AG, Smith RC. Durable composites by vulcanization of oleyl-esterified lignin. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3234-3240. [PMID: 36756427 PMCID: PMC9855616 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Productive utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is critical to the continued advancement of human civilization. Whereas the cellulose component can be efficiently upconverted to automotive fuel-grade ethanol, the lack of upconversion methods for the lignin component constitutes one of the grand challenges facing science. Lignin is an attractive feedstock for structural applications, in which its highly-crosslinked architecture can endow composite structures with high strengths. Prior work suggests that high-strength composites can be prepared by the reaction of olefin-modified lignin with sulfur. Those studies were limited to ≤5 wt% lignin, due to phase-separation of hydrophilic lignin from hydrophobic sulfur matrices. Herein we report a protocol to increase lignin hydrophobicity and thus its incorporation into sulfur-rich materials. This improvement is affected by esterifying lignin with oleic acid prior to its reaction with sulfur. This approach allowed preparation of esterified lignin-sulfur (ELS) composites comprising up to 20 wt% lignin. Two reaction temperatures were employed such that the reaction of ELS with sulfur at 180 °C would only produce S-C bonds at olefinic sites, whereas the reaction at 230 °C would produce C-S bonds at both olefin and aryl sites. Mechanistic analyses and microstructural characterization elucidated two ELS composites having compressive strength values (>20 MPa), exceeding the values observed with ordinary Portland cements. Consequently, this new method represents a way to improve lignin utilization to produce durable composites that represent sustainable alternatives to Portland cements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moira K. Lauer
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina29634USA
| | - Andrew G. Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina29634USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina29634USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina29634USA
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Recent Applications of Molecular Structures at Silicon Anode Interfaces. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a promising anode material to realize many-fold higher anode capacity in next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Si electrochemistry has strong dependence on the property of the Si interface, and therefore, Si surface engineering has attracted considerable research interest to address the challenges of Si electrodes such as dramatic volume changes and the high reactivity of Si surface. Molecular nanostructures, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent–organic frameworks (COFs) and monolayers, have been employed in recent years to decorate or functionalize Si anode surfaces to improve their electrochemical performance. These materials have the advantages of facile preparation, nanoscale controllability and structural diversity, and thus could be utilized as versatile platforms for Si surface modification. This review aims to summarize the recent applications of MOFs, COFs and monolayers for Si anode development. The functionalities and common design strategies of these molecular structures are demonstrated.
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Influence of Component Ratio on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Terpenoid-Sulfur Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are potentially sustainable replacements for petrochemical olefins. Sulfur is a waste product produced in large quantities from fossil fuel refining. Several composites with attractive properties have recently been made from terpenoids and sulfur. This report details the extent to which the ratio of sulfur to terpenoid and the terpenoid olefin content influences the thermal and mechanical properties of such terpenoid-sulfur composites. The terpenoids selected were diunsaturated geraniol and triunsaturated farnesol that, upon their inverse vulcanization with elemental sulfur, yield composites GerSx and FarSx, respectively (x = wt % sulfur). The wt % sulfur in the monomer feed was varied from 30–95 for this study, providing twelve materials. Mechanical analysis of these materials was undertaken by compressive and tensile strength techniques. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis revealed both polymeric and orthorhombic sulfur present in the materials with glass transition temperatures (Tg) of −37 °C to −13 °C and melt temperatures (Tm) of 119 to 104 °C. The crystallinity of composites decreases as the weight fraction of sulfur decreases and composites having the highest olefin content exhibit no detectable crystalline microstructures. The compressive strength of the materials showed increasing strength for higher olefin-content materials for both GerSx (with compressive strength of up to 32 MPa) and FarSx (with compressive strength of up to 43 MPa). The improved strength with increasing olefin content levels off at around 80–85% of terpenoid, after which point both tensile and compressive strength diminish.
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Applications of Carbon in Rechargeable Electrochemical Power Sources: A Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14092649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable power sources are an essential element of large-scale energy systems based on renewable energy sources. One of the major challenges in rechargeable battery research is the development of electrode materials with good performance and low cost. Carbon-based materials have a wide range of properties, high electrical conductivity, and overall stability during cycling, making them suitable materials for batteries, including stationary and large-scale systems. This review summarizes the latest progress on materials based on elemental carbon for modern rechargeable electrochemical power sources, such as commonly used lead–acid and lithium-ion batteries. Use of carbon in promising technologies (lithium–sulfur, sodium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors) is also described. Carbon is a key element leading to more efficient energy storage in these power sources. The applications, modifications, possible bio-sources, and basic properties of carbon materials, as well as recent developments, are described in detail. Carbon materials presented in the review include nanomaterials (e.g., nanotubes, graphene) and composite materials with metals and their compounds.
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Thiounn T, Karunarathna MS, Slann LM, Lauer MK, Smith RC. Sequential crosslinking for mechanical property development in high sulfur content composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Thiounn
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | | | - Lauren M. Slann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Moira K. Lauer
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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Lopez CV, Karunarathna MS, Lauer MK, Maladeniya CP, Thiounn T, Ackley ED, Smith RC. High strength,
acid‐resistant
composites from canola, sunflower, or linseed oils: Influence of triglyceride unsaturation on material properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia V. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Menisha S. Karunarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Moira K. Lauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Charini P. Maladeniya
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Timmy Thiounn
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Edward D. Ackley
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Rhett C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technology Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
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