1
|
Ghadi YY, Mazhar T, Shahzad T, Amir Khan M, Abd-Alrazaq A, Ahmed A, Hamam H. The role of blockchain to secure internet of medical things. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18422. [PMID: 39117650 PMCID: PMC11310483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores integrating blockchain technology into the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to address security and privacy challenges. Blockchain's transparency, confidentiality, and decentralization offer significant potential benefits in the healthcare domain. The research examines various blockchain components, layers, and protocols, highlighting their role in IoMT. It also explores IoMT applications, security challenges, and methods for integrating blockchain to enhance security. Blockchain integration can be vital in securing and managing this data while preserving patient privacy. It also opens up new possibilities in healthcare, medical research, and data management. The results provide a practical approach to handling a large amount of data from IoMT devices. This strategy makes effective use of data resource fragmentation and encryption techniques. It is essential to have well-defined standards and norms, especially in the healthcare sector, where upholding safety and protecting the confidentiality of information are critical. These results illustrate that it is essential to follow standards like HIPAA, and blockchain technology can help ensure these criteria are met. Furthermore, the study explores the potential benefits of blockchain technology for enhancing inter-system communication in the healthcare industry while maintaining patient privacy protection. The results highlight the effectiveness of blockchain's consistency and cryptographic techniques in combining identity management and healthcare data protection, protecting patient privacy and data integrity. Blockchain is an unchangeable distributed ledger system. In short, the paper provides important insights into how blockchain technology may transform the healthcare industry by effectively addressing significant challenges and generating legal, safe, and interoperable solutions. Researchers, doctors, and graduate students are the audience for our paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Yasin Ghadi
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, 15322, UAE
| | - Tehseen Mazhar
- Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, 55150, Pakistan.
| | - Tariq Shahzad
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir Khan
- School of Computing Sciences, College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alaa Abd-Alrazaq
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arfan Ahmed
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Habib Hamam
- Faculty of Engineering, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A3E9, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
- Hodmas University College, Taleh Area, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Bridges for Academic Excellence, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thaweeskulchai T, Sakdaphetsiri K, Schulte A. Ten years of laser-induced graphene: impact and future prospect on biomedical, healthcare, and wearable technology. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:292. [PMID: 38687361 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since its introduction in 2014, laser-induced graphene (LIG) from commercial polymers has been gaining interests in both academic and industrial sectors. This can be clearly seen from its mass adoption in various fields ranging from energy storage and sensing platforms to biomedical applications. LIG is a 3-dimensional, nanoporous graphene structure with highly tuneable electrical, physical, and chemical properties. LIG can be easily produced by single-step laser scribing at normal room temperature and pressure using easily accessible commercial level laser machines and materials. With the increasing demand for novel wearable devices for biomedical applications, LIG on flexible substrates can readily serve as a technological platform to be further developed for biomedical applications such as point-of-care (POC) testing and wearable devices for healthcare monitoring system. This review will provide a comprehensive grounding on LIG from its inception and fabrication mechanism to the characterization of its key functional properties. The exploration of biomedicals applications in the form of wearable and point-of-care devices will then be presented. Issue of health risk from accidental exposure to LIG will be covered. Then LIG-based wearable devices will be compared to devices of different materials. Finally, we discuss the implementation of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to wearable devices and explore and speculate on its potentials and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thana Thaweeskulchai
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wang Chan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Kittiya Sakdaphetsiri
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wang Chan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Albert Schulte
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wang Chan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Secure Medical Blockchain Model. INFORMATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/info14020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) uses wireless networks to help patients to communicate with healthcare professionals. Therefore, IoMT devices suffer from a lack of security controls, just like many Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets. Thus, in this paper, we develop a system that uses a blockchain to secure medical data for each transaction between physicians and patients. This system also helps the physician to send the treatment to the blockchain. The blockchain creates a new block for the treatment and connects it with the previous block. This system also helps patients to access their treatment through the blockchain. SHA-256 is used to hash the new block using some information about the last block. We modify SHA-256 using the LZ4 algorithm to compress data. We also prevent a new block hash code starting with a specific number of zeros, which made the proposed system give a time complexity better than all related work. In this paper, we also develop a party-authentication technique that ensures the two parties of the transaction. The proposed system makes a transaction with O(n) time complexity. Thus, our system takes 1 s to create a block for the transaction. We also make a green computing algorithm comparison between our proposed system and the blockchain version. This comparison proves that our proposed method consumes less energy to create a new block. This paper proves that our method performs better than all previous blockchain versions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Han Y, Zhang Y, Vermund SH. Blockchain Technology for Electronic Health Records. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15577. [PMID: 36497654 PMCID: PMC9739765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Compared with traditional paper-based medical records, electronic health records (EHRs) are widely used because of their efficiency, security, and reducing data redundancy. However, EHRs still manifest poor interoperability and privacy issues are unresolved. As a distributed ledger protocol composed of encrypted blocks of data organized in chains, blockchain represents a potential tool to solve the shortcomings of EHRs in terms of interoperability and privacy. In this paper, we define EHRs and blockchain technology and introduce several classic schemes based on blockchain technology to strengthen EHR interoperability and privacy protection. We then review ongoing challenges in the areas of data management efficiency, fairness of access, and trust in the systems. In this commentary, we suggest ongoing research needs for health informatics, data sciences, and ethics to establish EHRs based on blockchain technology. Blockchain-based EHR schemes must address the potential inequality of healthcare resources, the huge carbon footprint of computational needs, and potential distrust of health providers and patients that may ensue with wider use of blockchain technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Han
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ezzeddini L, Ktari J, Zouaoui I, Talha A, Jarray N, Frikha T. Blockchain for the electronic voting system: case study: student representative vote in Tunisian institute. 2022 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SECURITY OF INFORMATION AND NETWORKS (SIN) 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/sin56466.2022.9970543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Ezzeddini
- Higher management institute of Gabes University of Gabes,Gabes,Tunisia
| | | | - Iheb Zouaoui
- Higher management institute of Gabes University of Gabes,Gabes,Tunisia
| | - Amira Talha
- Higher management institute of Gabes University of Gabes,Gabes,Tunisia
| | - Nizar Jarray
- Higher management institute of Gabes University of Gabes,Gabes,Tunisia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Blockchain-Based Supply Chain System for Olive Fields Using WSNs. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:9776776. [PMID: 36188708 PMCID: PMC9525198 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9776776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural domain in developing countries is mostly dictated by archaic rules based on traditions and inherited practices. With the evolution of digitalization and technology, it seems essential to apply new technologies to the agricultural field. Among the technologies to be exploited in agriculture, we mention sensors, IoT, WSN, cloud, blockchain, etc. We talk about smart agriculture in this case. In this paper, we propose a platform secured by blockchain for monitoring and securing production. This platform uses IoT connected sensors to track and save data. Our system is used to monitor the production process of olive trees. The goal is to track everything that enters and leaves our olive tree production from fertilizers, insecticides, and fortifiers to olives, trimming etc. The blockchain via its decentralized system allow a secure, irreversible, and clear monitoring. A dashboard allow us to highlight the changes while facilitating the work of farmers. Our prototype will be embedded via a Raspberry Pi 4 platform.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the succession of its waves, the transmission of this disease and the number of deaths caused by it have been increasing. Despite the various vaccines, the COVID-19 virus is still contagious and dangerous for affected people. One of the remedies to this is precaution, and particularly social distancing. In the same vein, this paper proposes a remote voting system, which has to be secure, anonymous, irreversible, accessible, and simple to use. It therefore allows voters to have the possibility to vote for their candidate without having to perform the operation on site. This system will be used for university elections and particularly for student elections. We propose a platform based on a decentralized system. This system will use two blockchains communicating with each other: the public Ethereum blockchain and the private Quorum blockchain. The private blockchain will be institution-specific. All these blockchains send the necessary data to the public blockchain which manages different data related to the universities and the ministry. This system enables using encrypted data with the SHA-256 algorithm to have both security and information security. Motivated by the high energy consumption of blockchain and by the performance improvements in low-power, a test is performed on a low-power embedded platform Raspberry PI4 showing the possibility to use the Blockchain with limited resources.
Collapse
|