1
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Nakayama Y, Tsuruta R, Koganezawa T. 'Molecular Beam Epitaxy' on Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals: Characterization of Well-Defined Molecular Interfaces by Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Techniques. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7119. [PMID: 36295203 PMCID: PMC9605552 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth, often termed "epitaxy", is one of the most essential techniques underpinning semiconductor electronics, because crystallinities of the materials seriously dominate operation efficiencies of the electronic devices such as power gain/consumption, response speed, heat loss, and so on. In contrast to already well-established epitaxial growth methodologies for inorganic (covalent or ionic) semiconductors, studies on inter-molecular (van der Waals) epitaxy for organic semiconductors is still in the initial stage. In the present review paper, we briefly summarize recent works on the epitaxial inter-molecular junctions built on organic semiconductor single-crystal surfaces, particularly on single crystals of pentacene and rubrene. Experimental methodologies applicable for the determination of crystal structures of such organic single-crystal-based molecular junctions are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakayama
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Division of Colloid and Interface Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Research Group for Advanced Energy Conversion, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuruta
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Industrial Application Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
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2
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Koifman OI, Stuzhin PA, Travkin VV, Pakhomov GL. Chlorophylls in thin-film photovoltaic cells, a critical review. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01508g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly and electrical properties of chlorophyll-type dyes are reviewed with emphasis on their potential applications in thin-film solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. I. Koifman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
| | - P. A. Stuzhin
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
| | - V. V. Travkin
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPM RAS)
- Nizhny Novgorod 603950
| | - G. L. Pakhomov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT)
- Ivanovo 153000
- Russian Federation
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPM RAS)
- Nizhny Novgorod 603950
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3
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Emmerich S, Hedwig S, Arnoldi B, Stöckl J, Haag F, Hemm R, Cinchetti M, Mathias S, Stadtmüller B, Aeschlimann M. Ultrafast Charge-Transfer Exciton Dynamics in C 60 Thin Films. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:23579-23587. [PMID: 33193941 PMCID: PMC7659033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c08011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high flexibility of organic molecules offers great potential for designing the optical properties of optically active materials for the next generation of optoelectronic and photonic applications. However, despite successful implementations of molecular materials in today's display and photovoltaic technology, many fundamental aspects of the light-to-charge conversion in molecular materials have still to be uncovered. Here, we focus on the ultrafast dynamics of optically excited excitons in C60 thin films depending on the molecular coverage and the light polarization of the optical excitation. Using time- and momentum-resolved photoemission with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (fs-XUV) radiation, we follow the exciton dynamics in the excited states while simultaneously monitoring the signatures of the excitonic charge character in the renormalization of the molecular valence band structure. Optical excitation with visible light results in the instantaneous formation of charge-transfer (CT) excitons, which transform stepwise into Frenkel-like excitons at lower energies. The number and energetic position of the CT and Frenkel-like excitons within this cascade process are independent of the molecular coverage and the light polarization of the optical excitation. In contrast, the depopulation times of the CT and Frenkel-like excitons depend on the molecular coverage, while the excitation efficiency of CT excitons is determined by the light polarization. Our comprehensive study reveals the crucial role of CT excitons for the excited-state dynamics of homomolecular fullerene materials and thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Emmerich
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hedwig
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Benito Arnoldi
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Johannes Stöckl
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Florian Haag
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Ralf Hemm
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Mirko Cinchetti
- Experimentelle
Physik VI, Technische Universität
Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Stefan Mathias
- I.
Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz
1, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stadtmüller
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Martin Aeschlimann
- University
of Kaiserslautern and Research Center OPTIMAS, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
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4
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Electronic and Crystallographic Examinations of the Homoepitaxially Grown Rubrene Single Crystals. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081978. [PMID: 32340365 PMCID: PMC7215553 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Homoepitaxial growth of organic semiconductor single crystals is a promising methodology toward the establishment of doping technology for organic opto-electronic applications. In this study, both electronic and crystallographic properties of homoepitaxially grown single crystals of rubrene were accurately examined. Undistorted lattice structures of homoepitaxial rubrene were confirmed by high-resolution analyses of grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) using synchrotron radiation. Upon bulk doping of acceptor molecules into the homoepitaxial single crystals of rubrene, highly sensitive photoelectron yield spectroscopy (PYS) measurements unveiled a transition of the electronic states, from induction of hole states at the valence band maximum at an adequate doping ratio (10 ppm), to disturbance of the valence band itself for excessive ratios (≥ 1000 ppm), probably due to the lattice distortion.
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5
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Photoconversion Mechanism at the pn-Homojunction Interface in Single Organic Semiconductor. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13071727. [PMID: 32272671 PMCID: PMC7178707 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clarifying critical differences in free charge generation and recombination processes between inorganic and organic semiconductors is important for developing efficient organic photoconversion devices such as solar cells (SCs) and photodetector. In this study, we analyzed the dependence of doping concentration on the photoconversion process at the organic pn-homojunction interface in a single organic semiconductor using the temperature dependence of J–V characteristics and energy structure measurements. Even though the organic pn-homojunction SC devices were fabricated using a single host material and the doping technique resembling an inorganic pn-homojunction, the charge generation and recombination mechanisms are similar to that of conventional donor/acceptor (D/A) type organic SCs; that is, the charge separation happens from localized exciton and charge transfer (CT) state being separated by the energy offset between adjacent molecules, and the recombination happens from localized charge carrier at two adjacent molecules. The determining factor for photoconversion processes is the localized nature of charges in organic semiconductors. The results demonstrated that controlling the delocalization of the charges is important to realize efficient organic photoconversion devices.
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6
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Zhang X, Tong J, Ruan L, Yao X, Zhou L, Tian F, Qin G. Interface hybridization and spin filter effect in metal-free phthalocyanine spin valves. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11663-11670. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spin–orbit coupling has been regarded as the core interaction to determine the efficiency of spin conserved transport in semiconductor spintronics. Here, we show the spin filter effect should be responsible for the magnetoresistance of H2Pc device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation
| | - Junwei Tong
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education)
| | - Liuxia Ruan
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education)
| | - Xiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical, Engineering and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Suzhou 215163
- China
| | - Fubo Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education)
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7
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Stadtmüller B, Emmerich S, Jungkenn D, Haag N, Rollinger M, Eich S, Maniraj M, Aeschlimann M, Cinchetti M, Mathias S. Strong modification of the transport level alignment in organic materials after optical excitation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1470. [PMID: 30931921 PMCID: PMC6443800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic devices operate by absorbing light and generating current. These two processes are governed by the optical and transport properties of the organic semiconductor. Despite their common microscopic origin-the electronic structure-disclosing their dynamical interplay is far from trivial. Here we address this issue by time-resolved photoemission to directly investigate the correlation between the optical and transport response in organic materials. We reveal that optical generation of non-interacting excitons in a fullerene film results in a substantial redistribution of all transport levels (within 0.4 eV) of the non-excited molecules. As all observed dynamics evolve on identical timescales, we conclude that optical and transport properties are completely interlinked. This finding paves the way for developing novel concepts for transport level engineering on ultrafast time scales that could lead to novel functional optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stadtmüller
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Emmerich
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominik Jungkenn
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Norman Haag
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Rollinger
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Steffen Eich
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mahalingam Maniraj
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Martin Aeschlimann
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Mirko Cinchetti
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Mathias
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Hiramoto M, Kikuchi M, Izawa S. Parts-per-Million-Level Doping Effects in Organic Semiconductor Films and Organic Single Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1801236. [PMID: 30118548 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the pn-type behavior of a semiconductor such as silicon by adding an extremely small quantity of an impurity (doping) is a central part of inorganic semiconductor electronics since the 20th century. Recent progress in the doping of organic semiconductors strongly suggests the advent of a new era of doped organic semiconductors. Here, the principles and effects of doping at the level of parts per million (ppm) in organic semiconductor films and single crystals are described, including descriptions of complete pn-control, doping sensitization, ppm doping using an extremely low-speed deposition technique reaching 10-9 nm s-1 , and emerging ppm-level doping effects, such as trap filling, majority carriers, homojunction formation, and decreased mobility, as well as ppm-level doping effects in organic single crystals measured by the Hall effect, which shows a doping efficiency of 24%. The Wannier excitonic doping of organic single crystals possessing band conduction and the defect science of organic single crystals related to carrier trapping and scattering are introduced as a new scientific field. The dawn of organic single-crystal electronics is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hiramoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
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9
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Yatabe M, Kajitani A, Yasutake M, Ohta K. Discotic liquid crystals of transition metal complexes, 55: Novel chlorine-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives showing mesomorphism and low HOMO energy level. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of novel phthalocyaninato copper(II) (abbreviated as PcCu) compounds, 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakisalkoxy-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octachloro-phthalocyaninato copper(II) (abbreviated as ([Formula: see text]-C[Formula: see text]O)[Formula: see text]-Cl)[Formula: see text]PcCu (4a–4d): [Formula: see text] 6 (a), 8 (b), 10 (c) and 12 (d)) and, for comparison, another series of PcCu compounds, 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octakisalkoxyphthalocyaninato copper(II) (abbreviated as ([Formula: see text]-C[Formula: see text]O)[Formula: see text]PcCu (1a–1d)). The PcCu derivatives 1a–1d are substituted by alkoxy chains only at the [Formula: see text] positions (1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25). On the other hand, the PcCu derivatives 4a–4d are substituted by alkoxy chains at the [Formula: see text] positions and chlorine atoms at the [Formula: see text] positions (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24). We have investigated the influence of chlorine atoms substituted at the [Formula: see text] positions of the Pc ring on mesomorphism, spectroscopic and electronic properties for these two series of PcCu derivatives 1 and 4 by using a polarizing optical microscope, DSC, temperature-variable small angle X-ray diffractometer, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and cyclic voltammetry. Each of the derivatives 1a–1d is crystalline without showing mesomorphism. On the other hand, each of the chlorine-substituted PcCu derivatives 4a–4d shows plural phase transitions, and the longer chain-substituted PcCu derivatives 4c–4d show a rectangular ordered columnar [Col[Formula: see text](P2m)] mesophase. Furthermore, we have revealed that each of the PcCu derivatives 4a–4d shows a Q-band in the near-infrared region and a lower HOMO energy level than conventional phthalocyanine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yatabe
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Akio Kajitani
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Mikio Yasutake
- Comprehensive Analysis Center for Science, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Ohta
- Smart Material Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
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10
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Ohashi C, Izawa S, Shinmura Y, Kikuchi M, Watase S, Izaki M, Naito H, Hiramoto M. Hall Effect in Bulk-Doped Organic Single Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605619. [PMID: 28417482 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The standard technique to separately and simultaneously determine the carrier concentration per unit volume (N, cm-3 ) and the mobility (μ) of doped inorganic single crystals is to measure the Hall effect. However, this technique has not been reported for bulk-doped organic single crystals. Here, the Hall effect in bulk-doped single-crystal organic semiconductors is measured. A key feature of this work is the ultraslow co-deposition technique, which reaches as low as 10-9 nm s-1 and enables us to dope homoepitaxial organic single crystals with acceptors at extremely low concentrations of 1 ppm. Both the hole concentration per unit volume (N, cm-3 ) and the Hall mobility (μH ) of bulk-doped rubrene single crystals, which have a band-like nature, are systematically observed. It is found that these rubrene single crystals have (i) a high ionization rate and (ii) scattering effects because of lattice disturbances, which are peculiar to this organic single crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Ohashi
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Izawa
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shinmura
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), 1310 Omiya-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8554, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), 1310 Omiya-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8554, Japan
| | - Seiji Watase
- Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1-16-50 Morinomiya, Higashi-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 536-8553, Japan
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), 1310 Omiya-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8554, Japan
| | - Masanobu Izaki
- Department of Mechanical Enginnering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), 1310 Omiya-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8554, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Naito
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), 1310 Omiya-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8554, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hiramoto
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Functional Molecular Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), 1310 Omiya-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-8554, Japan
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11
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Naito T. Development of a Control Method for Conduction and Magnetism in Molecular Crystals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Semushkina GI, Mazalov LN, Basova TV. Experimental and theoretical study of X-ray K edges absorption spectra of carbon and nitrogen in the phthalocyanine H2Pc molecule. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616070064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Kim JS, Kim BJ, Choi YJ, Lee MH, Kang MS, Cho JH. An Organic Vertical Field-Effect Transistor with Underside-Doped Graphene Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:4803-4810. [PMID: 27071794 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-performance vertical field-effect transistors are developed, which are based on graphene electrodes doped using the underside doping method. The underside doping method enables effective tuning of the graphene work function while maintaining the surface properties of the pristine graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Su Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
| | - Moo Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 156-743, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea
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14
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Apostol P, Eccher J, Dotto MER, Costa CB, Cazati T, Hillard EA, Bock H, Bechtold IH. High rectification in organic diodes based on liquid crystalline phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:32390-7. [PMID: 26585027 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optical and electrical properties of mesogenic metal-free and metalated phthalocyanines (PCs) with a moderately sized and regioregular alkyl periphery were investigated. In solution, the individualized molecules show fluorescence lifetimes of 4-6 ns in THF. When deposited as solid thin films the materials exhibit significantly shorter fluorescence lifetimes with bi-exponential decay (1.4-1.8 ns; 0.2-0.4 ns) that testify to the formation of aggregates viaπ-π intermolecular interactions. In diode structures, their pronounced columnar order outbalances the unfavorable planar alignment and leads to excellent rectification behavior. Field-dependent charge carrier mobilities are obtained from the J-V curves in the trap-limited space-charge-limited current regime and demonstrate that the metalated PCs display an improved electrical response with respect to the metal-free homologue. The excited-state lifetime characterization suggest that the π-π intermolecular interactions are stronger for the metal-free PC, confirming that the metallic centre plays an important role in the charge transport inside these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Apostol
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, Université de Bordeaux & CNRS, 115 Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
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