1
|
Ahmad A, Ghufran R. Microbial granules on reactors performance during organic butyrate digestion: clean production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1236-1256. [PMID: 36130802 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This critical review for anaerobic degradation of complex organic compounds like butyrate using reactors has been enormously applied for biogas production. Biogas production rate has a great impact on: reactor granulation methanogenesis, nutrient content, shear velocity, organic loading and loss of nutrients taking place in the reactor continuously. Various technologies have been applied to closed anaerobic reactors to improve biogas production and treatment efficiency. Recent reviews showed that the application of closed anaerobic reactors can accelerate the degradation of organics like volatile fatty acid-butyrate and affect microbial biofilm formation by increasing the number of methanogens and increase methane production 16.5 L-1 CH4 L-1 POME-1. The closed anaerobic reactors with stable microbial biofilm and established organic load were responsible for the improvement of the reactor and methane production. The technology mentioned in this review can be used to monitor biogas concentration, which directly correlates to organic concentrations. This review attempts to evaluate interactions among the: degradation of organics, closed anaerobic reactors system, and microbial granules. This article provides a useful picture for the improvement of the degradation of organic butyrate for COD removal, biogas and methane production in an anaerobic closed reactor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ahmad
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Roomana Ghufran
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Earth Resources, University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma P, Usman M, Salama ES, Redina M, Thakur N, Li X. Evaluation of various waste cooking oils for biodiesel production: A comprehensive analysis of feedstock. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:219-229. [PMID: 34700162 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel production from edible sources faces several challenges such as food security and cost issues. Waste cooking oils (WCOs) can be an alternative feedstock due to their large production. The comprehensive characterization of WCOs has been rarely reported in previous studies. In this study, six different WCOs including chicken oil (CO), fat, oil, and grease (FOG), beef hotpot oil (BHP), mixed waste cooking oil (MWO), duck oil (DO), and vegetable hotpot oil (VHP) were assessed for the biodiesel production. Lipid content of WCOs ranged from 73 to 84.5% with the highest C16 in DO (32.1%) and C18 in VHP (71.4%). The highest saturated (such as C16:0 and C18:0), monounsaturated (such as C18:1) and poly unsaturated (such as C18:2, and C18:3) fatty acids were 58%, 59%, and 21% in BHP, VHP, and MWO, respectively. The diverse nature of fatty acids in WCOs makes it highly recommended for biodiesel production, as its derived biodiesel complied with international standards. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of linkages specific to lipid and thermogravimetric analysis showed high volatile matter content (>97%). Biochemical composition, fatty acids profile, and the properties of the produced biodiesel demonstrated that these WCOs could be promising candidates for biodiesel production, solving waste management and socio-economic challenges of conventional feedstocks. However, the commercialization of WCOs' biodiesel requires further investigation of produced biodiesel and their petro-diesel blends on the engine performance, efficiency, and emissions (SO×, NO×, and CO×) parameters to produce quality and cost-effective biodiesel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Margarita Redina
- Department of Applied Ecology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, (RUDN-University), Miklukho-Maklaya str. 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Nandini Thakur
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yadav M, Vivekanand V. Combined fungal and bacterial pretreatment of wheat and pearl millet straw for biogas production - A study from batch to continuous stirred tank reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124523. [PMID: 33326923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In present study, chitinolytic bacteria were employed to bioaugment the biogas production from fungal pretreated agricultural residues. The fungal pretreatment of wheat and pearl millet straw was done by Chaetomium globosporum. Pretreated straw were digested anaerobically at batch scale with and without the presence of chitinolytic bacteria. Contrary to untreated samples, the addition of chitionolytic bacteria with pretreated wheat and pearl millet straw provided 41 and 57% higher biogas yield. The study was further upscaled to continuous stirred tank reactors. At continuous scale too, wheat straw pretreated with Chaetomium globosporum combined with chitinolytic bacteria resulted in 16% higher biogas yield in contrast to untreated straw. Higher abundance of methanogens was detected in reactors running with pretreated wheat straw during microbial community analysis. The identified bacteria belonged mostly to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria phyla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahmod SS, Azahar AM, Luthfi AAI, Abdul PM, Mastar MS, Anuar N, Takriff MS, Jahim JMD. Potential Utilisation of Dark-Fermented Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Continuous Production of Biomethane by Self-Granulated Mixed Culture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9167. [PMID: 32514030 PMCID: PMC7280187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-stage anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a promising method for converting the waste from the largest agricultural industry in Southeast Asia into a clean and sustainable energy. This study investigates the degradation of acid-rich effluent from the dark fermentation stage for the production of biomethane (BioCH4) in a 30-L continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR). The continuous methanogenic process was operated with varied HRTs (10 - 1 day) and OLRs (4.6-40.6 gCOD/L.d-1) under thermophilic conditions. Methanothermobacter sp. was the dominant thermophilic archaea that was responsible for the production rate of 4.3 LCH4/LPOME.d-1 and methane yield of 256.77 LCH4kgCOD at HRT of 2 d, which is the lowest HRT reported in the literature. The process was able to digest 85% and 64% of the initial POME's COD and TSS, respectively. The formation of methane producing granules (MPG) played a pivotal role in sustaining the efficient and productive anaerobic system. We report herein that the anaerobic digestion was not only beneficial in reducing the contaminants in the liquid effluent, but generating BioCH4 gas with a positive net energy gain of 7.6 kJ/gCOD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safa Senan Mahmod
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azratul Madihah Azahar
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahbudin Mastar
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurina Anuar
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sobri Takriff
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamaliah M D Jahim
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Experiments and Modeling for Flexible Biogas Production by Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Sewage Sludge. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores the feasibility of flexible biogas production by co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge based on experiments and mathematical modeling. First, laboratory-scale experiments were carried out in variable operating conditions in terms of organic loading rate and feeding frequency to the digester. It is demonstrated that biogas production can achieve rapid responses to arbitrary feedings through co-digestion, and the stability of the anaerobic digestion process is not affected by the overloading of substrates. Compared with the conventional continuous mode, the required biogas storage capacity in flexible feeding mode can be significantly reduced. The optimum employed feeding organic loading rate (OLR) is identified, and how to adjust the feeding scheme for flexible biogas production is also discussed. Finally, a simplified prediction model for flexible biogas production is proposed and verified by experimental data, which could be conveniently used for demand-oriented control. It is expected that this research could give some theoretical basis for the enhancement of biogas utilization efficiency, thus expanding the applications of bio-energy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Biofuel Application as a Factor of Sustainable Development Ensuring: The Case of Russia. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12203948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion of the biofuels (BF) using is justified by opening up the opportunities for obtaining fuel and energy from previously inaccessible sources and by the existence of energy-deficient regions, in particular in Russia. Works of different scientists on the problems of creating and using BF were the methodological basis of this study. Information on the state and prospects of the development of renewable energy sources in Russian regions was collected from regulatory documents and was obtained by employing a questionnaire survey. For the study of the collected materials, the different methods of comparative analysis, and the methods of expert assessments were used. The results of the Status-Quo analysis of BF production in Russia have shown that the creation of BF performed relatively successfully. However, there are many more perspectives, connected with expanding the utilization of the different raw materials. Also, the analysis of organizational and economic mechanisms applied for production of BF and the obtained data on several organizations-producers allowed for proposing six indexes for the assessment of the BF production effectiveness. It is suggested that BF production in Russia will contribute to the sustainable development of a number of the country’s regions in the near future.
Collapse
|