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Ma Y, Han X, Xu S, Li Z, Lu W, An B, Lee D, Chansai S, Sheveleva AM, Wang Z, Chen Y, Li J, Li W, Cai R, da Silva I, Cheng Y, Daemen LL, Tuna F, McInnes EJL, Hughes L, Manuel P, Ramirez-Cuesta AJ, Haigh SJ, Hardacre C, Schröder M, Yang S. Direct Conversion of Methane to Ethylene and Acetylene over an Iron-Based Metal-Organic Framework. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20792-20800. [PMID: 37722104 PMCID: PMC10540182 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of methane (CH4) to ethylene (C2H4) and/or acetylene (C2H2) enables routes to a wide range of products directly from natural gas. However, high reaction temperatures and pressures are often required to activate and convert CH4 controllably, and separating C2+ products from unreacted CH4 can be challenging. Here, we report the direct conversion of CH4 to C2H4 and C2H2 driven by non-thermal plasma under ambient (25 °C and 1 atm) and flow conditions over a metal-organic framework material, MFM-300(Fe). The selectivity for the formation of C2H4 and C2H2 reaches 96% with a high time yield of 334 μmol gcat-1 h-1. At a conversion of 10%, the selectivity to C2+ hydrocarbons and time yield exceed 98% and 2056 μmol gcat-1 h-1, respectively, representing a new benchmark for conversion of CH4. In situ neutron powder diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopies, coupled with modeling studies, reveal the crucial role of Fe-O(H)-Fe sites in activating CH4 and stabilizing reaction intermediates via the formation of an Fe-O(CH3)-Fe adduct. In addition, a cascade fixed-bed system has been developed to achieve online separation of C2H4 and C2H2 from unreacted CH4 for direct use. Integrating the processes of CH4 activation, conversion, and product separation within one system opens a new avenue for natural gas utility, bridging the gap between fundamental studies and practical applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Xue Han
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaojun Xu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zhe Li
- The
Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, U.K.
| | - Wanpeng Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Bing An
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Alena M. Sheveleva
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zi Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yinlin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Weiyao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ivan da Silva
- ISIS
Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Luke L. Daemen
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Lewis Hughes
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Pascal Manuel
- ISIS
Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Anibal J. Ramirez-Cuesta
- Neutron
Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sarah J. Haigh
- Department
of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Martin Schröder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sihai Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zhang S, Liu Z, Li S, Zhang S, Fu H, Tu X, Xu W, Shen X, Yan K, Gan P, Feng X. Remediation of lindane contaminated soil by fluidization-like dielectric barrier discharge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130164. [PMID: 36308938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study proposed the fluidization-like dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for the remediation of lindane contaminated soil and integrated physical and chemical reaction pathway. Soil particle distribution within the reactor was simulated with Euler-Euler and Gidaspow drag models, and a bipolar pulsed power supply was applied to energize the DBD reactor after full fluidized. The effect of soil particles movement on electric features was discussed in terms of voltage waveforms and Lissajous figures. Lindane degradation was found to be related to electrics parameters and soil properties. Soil samples before and after treatment were analyzed by XRD and SEM methods. A 95.98% lindane decomposition and 0.66 mgLindane/h average reaction rate were obtained with 3 wt% CaO injection by pulse power drove fluidization-like DBD after 32 min treatment. Ozone was proved to play a major role during lindane degrading by plasma. The reaction potential pathway of lindane decomposition contains 4 steps, including dehydrogen, dehydrochlorination, and dechlorination, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Shuran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Shihao Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hui Fu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuan Tu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wenyi Xu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing Shen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Keping Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Ping Gan
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Center for Industrial Contaminated Site and Groundwater Remediation, Cecep Dadi (Hangzhou) Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310017, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- The School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Abstract
Plasma catalysis has been utilized in many environmental applications for removal of various hydrocarbons including tars. The aim of this work was to study the tars removal process by atmospheric pressure DBD non-thermal plasma generated in combination with packing materials of various composition and catalytic activity (TiO2, Pt/γAl2O3, BaTiO3, γAl2O3, ZrO2, glass beads), dielectric constant (5–4000), shape (spherical and cylindrical pellets and beads), size (3–5 mm in diameter, 3–8 mm in length), and specific surface area (37–150 m2/g). Naphthalene was chosen as a model tar compound. The experiments were performed at a temperature of 100 °C and a naphthalene initial concentration of approx. 3000 ppm, i.e., under conditions that are usually less favorable to achieve high removal efficiencies. For a given specific input energy of 320 J/L, naphthalene removal efficiency followed a sequence: TiO2 > Pt/γAl2O3 > ZrO2 > γAl2O3 > glass beads > BaTiO3 > plasma only. The efficiency increased with the increasing specific surface area of a given packing material, while its shape and size were also found to be important. By-products of naphthalene decomposition were analyzed by means of FTIR spectrometry and surface of packing materials by SEM analysis.
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Abstract
Plasma-assisted dry reforming of methane (DRM) is considered as a potential way to convert natural gas into fuels and chemicals under near ambient temperature and pressure; particularly for distributed processes based on renewable energy. Both catalytic and photocatalytic technologies have been applied for DRM to investigate the CH4 conversion and the energy efficiency of the process. For conventional catalysis; metaldoped Ni-based catalysts are proposed as a leading vector for further development. However; coke deposition leads to fast deactivation of catalysts which limits the catalyst lifetime. Photocatalysis in combination with non-thermal plasma (NTP), on the other hand; is an enabling technology to convert CH4 to more reactive intermediates. Placing the catalyst directly in the plasma zone or using post-plasma photocatalysis could generate a synergistic effect to increase the formation of the desired products. In this review; the recent progress in the area of NTP-(photo)catalysis applications for DRM has been described; with an in-depth discussion of novel plasma reactor types and operational conditions including employment of ferroelectric materials and nanosecond-pulse discharges. Finally, recent developments in the area of optical diagnostic tools for NTP, such as optical emission spectroscopy (OES), in-situ FTIR, and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), are reviewed.
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Plasma Catalytic Conversion of CH4 to Alkanes, Olefins and H2 in a Packed Bed DBD Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methane is activated at ambient conditions in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor packed with Pd/γ-alumina catalyst containing different loadings of Pd (0.5, 1, 5 wt%). Results indicate that the presence of Pd on γ-alumina substantially abates the formation of deposits, leads to a notable increase in the production of alkanes and olefins and additionally improves the energy efficiency compared to those obtained for the non-packed reactor and the bare γ-alumina packed reactor. A low amount of Pd (0.5 and 1 wt%) favors achieving a higher production of olefins (mainly C2H4 and C3H6) and a higher yield of H2. Increasing Pd loading to 5 wt% promotes the interaction of H2 and olefins, which consequently intensifies the successive hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds, thus incurring a higher production of alkanes (mainly C2H6 and C3H8). The substantial abatement of the deposits is ascribed to the role of Palladium in moderating the strength of the electric and shifting the reaction pathways, in the way that hydrogenation reactions of deposits’ precursors become faster than their deposition on the catalyst.
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