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Oh J, Kim J, Moon S, Lee Y, Park D, Joo J, Shon YM, Park SM, Jeong U. Subcutaneous mechano-electrocardiogram (MECG) sensor for complementary cardiac diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115443. [PMID: 37276637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the heart pumps out the blood through the excitation-contraction coupling, simultaneous monitoring of the electrical and mechanical characteristics is beneficial for comprehensive diagnosis of cardiac disorders. Currently, these characteristics are monitored separately with electrocardiogram (ECG) and medical imaging techniques. This work presents a fully implantable device named mechano-electrocardiogram (MECG) sensor that can measure mechanocardiogram (MCG) and ECG together. The key to the success is fabrication of permeable electrodes on a single low-modulus porous nanofiber mat, which helps immediate adhesion of the sensor on the tissue. A strain-insensitive electrode is used as the ECG electrode and a strain-sensitive electrode is used for MCG. The MECG device is implanted subcutaneously in the skin above the heart of the rat. Through a vasopressor (phenylephrine) injection test, the MECG signals indicate that the MCG amplitude is related with blood pressure and the ECG peak interval is more related with heart rate. These results confirm that the MECG device is clinically meaningful for continuous and comprehensive monitoring of the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joosung Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Junho Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - YoungHyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Daejong Park
- Department of Convergernce IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Jaesoon Joo
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06531, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06531, South Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergernce IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
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Magisetty R, Park SM. New Era of Electroceuticals: Clinically Driven Smart Implantable Electronic Devices Moving towards Precision Therapy. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:161. [PMID: 35208286 PMCID: PMC8876842 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the name of electroceuticals, bioelectronic devices have transformed and become essential for dealing with all physiological responses. This significant advancement is attributable to its interdisciplinary nature from engineering and sciences and also the progress in micro and nanotechnologies. Undoubtedly, in the future, bioelectronics would lead in such a way that diagnosing and treating patients' diseases is more efficient. In this context, we have reviewed the current advancement of implantable medical electronics (electroceuticals) with their immense potential advantages. Specifically, the article discusses pacemakers, neural stimulation, artificial retinae, and vagus nerve stimulation, their micro/nanoscale features, and material aspects as value addition. Over the past years, most researchers have only focused on the electroceuticals metamorphically transforming from a concept to a device stage to positively impact the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, the article discusses the smart implants' development challenges and opportunities, electromagnetic field effects, and their potential consequences, which will be useful for developing a reliable and qualified smart electroceutical implant for targeted clinical use. Finally, this review article highlights the importance of wirelessly supplying the necessary power and wirelessly triggering functional electronic circuits with ultra-low power consumption and multi-functional advantages such as monitoring and treating the disease in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- RaviPrakash Magisetty
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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Wireless Torque and Power Transfer Using Multiple Coils with LCC-S Topology for Implantable Medical Drug Pump. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21238150. [PMID: 34884150 PMCID: PMC8662434 DOI: 10.3390/s21238150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a method of wirelessly torque transfer (WTT) and power (WPT) to a drug pump, one of implantable medical devices. By using the magnetic field generated by the WPT system to transfer torque and power to the receiving coil at the same time, applications that previously used power from the battery can be operated without a battery. The proposed method uses a receiving coil with magnetic material as a motor, and can generate torque in a desired direction using the magnetic field from the transmitting coil. The WPT system was analyzed using a topology that generates a constant current for stable torque generation. In addition, a method for detecting the position of the receiving coil without using additional power was proposed. Through simulations and experiments, it was confirmed that WTT and WPT were possible at the same time, and in particular, it was confirmed that WTT was stably possible.
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Design Considerations for Adding Series Inductors to Reduce Electromagnetic Field Interference in an Over-Coupled WPT System. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyzes how over-coupled coils affect odd harmonic current and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, and proposes design considerations for series inductors to solve the EMI problem. When the air gap of the coils of the WPT system decreases below a certain level and the coils are over-coupled, the odd harmonic component of the input impedance of the system decreases and odd harmonic currents increase. The increase in the odd harmonic components current quickly aggravates the EMI issues. To solve the EMI problem of the over-coupled WPT system, additional series inductors were applied to the system, and considerations for designing the series inductors were analyzed. When designing additional series inductors, power transfer efficiency, maximum power transfer, input impedance and odd harmonic components current must be considered. Using simulations and experiments, it was confirmed that the WPT system designed with analyzed considerations maintained relatively high efficiency and reduced EMI issues.
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