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Rebecchi L, Rubino A, Camellini A, Kriegel I. Light-driven reversible charge transfers from ITO nanocrystals. Front Chem 2023; 11:1288681. [PMID: 38025072 PMCID: PMC10652769 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1288681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of semiconductors and redox active molecules for light-driven energy storage systems has emerged as a powerful solution for the exploitation of solar batteries. On account of this, transparent conductive oxide (TCO) nanocrystals (NCs) demonstrated to be interesting materials, thanks to the photo-induced charge accumulation enabling light harvesting and storage. The charge transfer process after light absorption, at the base of the proper use of these semiconductors, is a key step, often resulting in non-reversible transformations of the chemicals involved. However, if considering the photocharging through TCO NCs not only as a charge provider for the system but potentially as part of the storage role, the reversible transformation of the redox compound represents a crucial aspect. In this paper, we explore the possible interaction of indium tin oxide (ITO) NCs and typical redox mediators commonly employed in catalytic applications with a twofold scope of enhancing or supporting the light-induced charge accumulation on the metal oxide NC side and controlling the reversibility of the whole process. The work presented focuses on the effect of the redox properties on the doped metal oxide response, both from the stability point of view and the photodoping performance, by monitoring the changes in the optical behavior of ITO/redox hybrid systems upon ultraviolet illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rebecchi
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rubino
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Camellini
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ilka Kriegel
- Functional Nanosystems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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Wu X, Piñeiro-García A, Rafei M, Boulanger N, Canto-Aguilar EJ, Gracia-Espino E. Scalable production of foam-like nickel-molybdenum coatings via plasma spraying as bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:20794-20807. [PMID: 37465860 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Foam-like NiMo coatings were produced from an inexpensive mixture of Ni, Al, and Mo powders via atmospheric plasma spraying. The coatings were deposited onto stainless-steel meshes forming a highly porous network mainly composed of nanostructured Ni and highly active Ni4Mo. High material loading (200 mg cm-2) with large surface area (1769 cm2 per cm2) was achieved without compromising the foam-like characteristics. The coatings exhibited excellent activity towards both hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution (OER) reactions in alkaline media. The HER active coating required an overpotential of 42 mV to reach a current density of -50 mA cm-2 with minimum degradation after a 24 h chronoamperometry test at -10 mA cm-2. Theoretical simulations showed that several crystal surfaces of Ni4Mo exhibit near optimum hydrogen adsorption energies and improved water dissociation that benefit the HER activity. The OER active coating also consisting of nanostructured Ni and Ni4Mo required only 310 mV to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm-2. The OER activity was maintained even after 48 h of continuous operation. We envisage that the development of scalable production techniques for Ni4Mo alloys will greatly benefit its usage in commercial alkaline water electrolysers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Wu
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | | - Mouna Rafei
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Hassani M, Leda A, Porolnik W, Falkowski M, Rębiś T, Piskorz J, Popenda L, Wicinski M, Mlynarczyk DT, Düzgüneş N, Marszall MP. Synthesis, Electrochemical and Photochemical Properties of Sulfanyl Porphyrazine with Ferrocenyl Substituents. Molecules 2023; 28:5215. [PMID: 37446877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene is useful in modern organometallic chemistry due to its versatile applications in material sciences, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and diagnostic applications. The ferrocene moiety can potentially serve many purposes in therapeutics and diagnostics. In the course of this study, (6-bromo-1-oxohexyl)ferrocene was combined with dimercaptomaleonitrile sodium salt to yield a novel maleonitrile derivative. Subsequently, this compound was subjected to an autocyclotetramerization reaction using the Linstead conditions in order to obtain an octaferrocenyl-substituted magnesium(II) sulfanyl porphyrazine. Following that, both compounds-the maleonitrile derivative and the porphyrazine derivative-were subjected to physicochemical characterization using UV-Vis, ES-TOF, MALDI-TOF, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the sulfanyl porphyrazine was subjected to various photophysical studies, including optical absorption and emission measurements, as well as the evaluation of its photochemical properties. Values of singlet oxygen generation quantum yields were obtained in different organic solvents. The electrochemical properties of the synthesized compounds were studied using cyclic voltammetry. According to the electrochemical results, the presence of electron-withdrawing oxohexyl groups attached to ferrocene afforded significantly more positive oxidation potentials of the ferrocene-based redox process up to 0.34 V vs. Fc+/Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Hassani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Amanda Leda
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Porolnik
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Falkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rębiś
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Popenda
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Wicinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Curie Sklodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Nejat Düzgüneş
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Michal P Marszall
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Exploring Structure-Property Relationships in a Family of Ferrocene-Containing, Triphenylamine-Based Hybrid Organic Dyes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new family of triphenylamine-based dyes equipped with ferrocene (Fc)-containing donors have been synthesized, characterized, and studied within dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). With the objective of designing a redox-robust iron-containing dye that effectively sensitizes titania, a family of five structurally related dyes containing ferrocene were prepared. The physicochemical properties of all dyestuffs were studied using UV-Vis and electrochemical measurements. Different cross-coupling strategies resulted in the ability to modestly tune the Fc/Fc+ redox potentials of the dye. Despite the Fc-containing dyes having optoelectronic properties consistent with the non-ferrocene parent dye, the performance of the dyes in devices was dismal and decreased with the number of appended ferrocenes. While this finding was consistent with previous attempts to explore Fc-TPA DSSC dyes, our spectroelectrochemical data supports the hypothesis that the ferrocene component of the dye is oxidized by the electrolyte, ultimately decreasing the dye’s ability to be a suitable sensitizer. While these dyes are not suitable for DSSC applications, they might find applications in other photo-induced integrated devices where charge recombination is minimal.
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Turlakov G, Arias E, Moggio I, Rodríguez G, Ziolo RF, Rodríguez-Fernández OS, Mikhaylov A, Uudsemaa M, Cooper T, Rebane A. Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Push-Pull Oligo(ferrocenyl-phenyleneethynylene)s: Supramolecular Orders in Molecular Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4077-4089. [PMID: 35316062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optoelectronic properties of a series of unsymmetrical π-conjugated phenyleneethynylene macromolecules bearing ferrocene (Fc) as the electron-donor group (D), (benzyl) benzoate (Bz) or benzoic acid (Ac) as the electron attractor group (A) and connected through 2,5-di(alcoxy) phenyleneethynylene(s) (nPE) with n = 1, 2, 3 as π-conjugated bridges. In the series, by increasing the distance between the electron-attracting and electron-donor groups, the push-pull effect decreases. The intramolecular charge transfer (D → π → A) was evaluated by static and dynamic spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. The longest oligomer Fc3PEBz formed the best optical quality films. A study at the atomic level by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) revealed that the molecules self-assemble on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) in domains with a short-range order. Films are mesoporous and the molecules arrange in a lamellar-like pattern, with an edge-on conformation with respect to HOPG, where the conjugated backbones lie parallel to the surface. Two different assemblies were identified in the monoatomic film, which depends on the ferrocene-ferrocene or benzyl-benzyl interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Turlakov
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, México
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, México
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, México
| | - Geraldina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, México
| | - Ronald F Ziolo
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, México
| | | | - Alexander Mikhaylov
- Physics Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Merle Uudsemaa
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Thomas Cooper
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, 3005 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Aleksander Rebane
- Physics Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Taşkor Önel G, Özgül Karaaslan E, Ösken İ, Saygılı N. Synthesis, electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of ferrocene-based compounds. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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