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Gupta A, Kang K, Pathania R, Saxton L, Saucedo B, Malik A, Torres-Tiji Y, Diaz CJ, Dutra Molino JV, Mayfield SP. Harnessing genetic engineering to drive economic bioproduct production in algae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1350722. [PMID: 38347913 PMCID: PMC10859422 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1350722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Our reliance on agriculture for sustenance, healthcare, and resources has been essential since the dawn of civilization. However, traditional agricultural practices are no longer adequate to meet the demands of a burgeoning population amidst climate-driven agricultural challenges. Microalgae emerge as a beacon of hope, offering a sustainable and renewable source of food, animal feed, and energy. Their rapid growth rates, adaptability to non-arable land and non-potable water, and diverse bioproduct range, encompassing biofuels and nutraceuticals, position them as a cornerstone of future resource management. Furthermore, microalgae's ability to capture carbon aligns with environmental conservation goals. While microalgae offers significant benefits, obstacles in cost-effective biomass production persist, which curtails broader application. This review examines microalgae compared to other host platforms, highlighting current innovative approaches aimed at overcoming existing barriers. These approaches include a range of techniques, from gene editing, synthetic promoters, and mutagenesis to selective breeding and metabolic engineering through transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gupta
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kalisa Kang
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ruchi Pathania
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lisa Saxton
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Barbara Saucedo
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ashleyn Malik
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yasin Torres-Tiji
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Crisandra J. Diaz
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - João Vitor Dutra Molino
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mayfield
- Mayfield Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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De Bhowmick G, Guieysse B, Everett DW, Reis MG, Thum C. Novel source of microalgal lipids for infant formula. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Minhas AK, Gaur S, Adholeya A. Influence of light intensity and photoperiod on the pigment and, lipid production of Dunaliella tertiolecta and Nannochloropsis oculata under three different culture medium. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12801. [PMID: 36816239 PMCID: PMC9929195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biomass has the ability to store huge amount of triacylglycerides as fatty ester methyl esters (FAME) and carotenoids which has made algae as potential candidate for biorefinery approach. Essential fatty acid such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid and eicospentanoic acid have been produced which are known for their various applications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of different light intensities (120 and 250 μE/m2/s) and photoperiod (16:8h and 13:11h light/dark cycle) on the production of lipid, biomass and lutein. Dunaliella tertiolecta and Nannochloropsis oculata was grown for 23 days in F/2, sea salt media (SSM, Distilled water (DW) and SSM (natural seawater media,NSW) under two different light intensities and photoperiod regimes at 25 ᵒC. SSM (NSW) showed maximum accumulation of lipid in D.tertiolecta (34.56 mg/L/d). SSM (DW)- biomass showed 1.5 times higher lutein productivity of 0.253 mg/L/d under 13:11h light/dark cycle at 250 μE/m2/s compared to same medium under 16:8h light/dark cycles at 120 μE/m2/s. Where as in N.oculata, F/2 biomass showed higher lipid and lutein productivity of 15.69 and 0.279 mg/L/d, respectively The laboratory scale cultivation parameters and related media cost showed the suitability of different culture media adaptation to large scale production.
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Scheliga CG, Teixeira CMLL, da Costa Marques Calderari MR. Evaluation of strategies to enhance ammoniacal nitrogen tolerance by cyanobacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 38:7. [PMID: 34837108 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In anaerobic digestion of agro-industrial effluents and livestock wastes, concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen above 800 mg L-1 are reported to lead to the eutrophication of water bodies. Through the metabolic versatility of microalgae, this nitrogen source can be used and removed, producing carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and fatty acids of industrial interest. The challenge of making it feasible is the toxicity of ammoniacal nitrogen to microalgae. Therefore, three strategies were evaluated. The first one was to find species of cyanobacteria with high ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency comparing Arthrospira platensis, Synechocystis D202, and Spirulina labyrinthiformis cultivations. The most promising species was cultivated in the second strategy, where cell acclimatization and increasing of the inoculum were evaluated. The cultivation condition that culminated in the best efficiency of ammoniacal nitrogen removal was combined with the third strategy, which consisted of conducting the fed-batch bioprocess. In the batch mode, ammoniacal nitrogen was supplied only once in one fed and was present in high initial concentrations. In fed-batch, multiple feedings with low concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen were used to decrease the inhibitory effect of ammoniacal nitrogen. Arthrospira platensis showed high potential for ammoniacal nitrogen removal. Using the highest initial cell concentration of Arthrospira platensis cultivated by fed-batch, an increase in the consumption of NH3 to 165.1 ± 1.8 mg L-1 and an ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency close to 90% were observed. Under this condition, 180.52 ± 11.67 mg g-1 of phycocyanin was attained. Also, the fed-batch cultivations have the potential to reduce the biomass cost production by 33% in comparison to batch experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camylle Guimarães Scheliga
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microalgas, Divisão de Energia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Av. Venezuela, 82, Sala 716, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-312, Brasil.,Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 PHLC Sala 109-Central Analítica Fernanda Coutinho, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550013, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Maria Luz Lapa Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microalgas, Divisão de Energia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Av. Venezuela, 82, Sala 716, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20081-312, Brasil
| | - Mônica Regina da Costa Marques Calderari
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524 PHLC Sala 109-Central Analítica Fernanda Coutinho, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550013, Brasil.
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Municipal Wastewater: A Sustainable Source for the Green Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11052207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The need to reduce the costs associated with microalgae cultivation encouraged scientific research into coupling this process with wastewater treatment. Thus, the aim of this work was to assess the growth of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyta) in different effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), namely secondary effluent (SE) and sludge run-off (SR). Assays were performed, under the same conditions, in triplicate with 4 dilution ratios of the wastewaters (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with the standard culture medium bold basal medium double nitrated (BBM2N) as a control. The capability of C. vulgaris for biomass production, chlorophyll synthesis and nutrients removal in the SE and SR was evaluated. The 25% SE and 25% SR showed increased specific growth rates (0.47 and 0.55 day−1, respectively) and higher biomass yields (8.64 × 107 and 1.95 × 107 cells/mL, respectively). Regarding the chlorophyll content, the 100% SR promoted the highest concentration of this pigment (2378 µg/L). This green microalga was also able to remove 94.8% of total phosphorus of SE, while in 50% SR, 31.2% was removed. Removal of 73.9% and 65.9% of total nitrogen in 50% and 100% SR, respectively, was also observed. C. vulgaris growth can, therefore, be maximized with the addition of municipal effluents, to optimize biomass production, while cleansing the effluents.
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