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Dev TB, Rajpoot S, Srivani A, Dhar S. Performance optimization of eco-friendly CH 3NH 3SnI 3based perovskite solar cell employing CH 3NH 3SnBr 3as hole transport layer by SCAPS-1D device simulator. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:475901. [PMID: 39212033 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad6f63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the theoretical aspects of third-generation perovskite solar cells (PSC), with the aim of replacing traditional silicon-based counterparts. With potential for higher efficiency and low manufacturing costs, perovskite cells offer unique crystallographic structures allowing adjustments to photoluminescence wavelength. This research addresses challenges in cost-effective solar spectrum utilization and optimization of parameters, device architecture, and materials for high-efficiency cells. In this study, we simulated a perovskite-based solar cell (CH3NH3SnI3) using solar cell capacitance simulator-one dimension simulator under AM 1.5G illumination. The chosen electron transport layer is TiO2, and hole transport layer is CH3NH3SnBr3. The simulation explores variations in layer thickness, defect concentration, interface defects, doping concentration and electron affinity. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of back metal contact work function and temperature variations. Results indicate optimal absorber layer thickness at 0.5µm. Reduced defect concentrations, increased doping concentration and a higher work function for the back contact, enhance efficiency of PSC. The initial parameters yielded a 19.79% efficiency based on base values before optimization, which increased to 26.66% after optimization. According to the latest NREL data, the highest reported efficiency for PSC is 26.1%. This research provides insights into perovskite-based solar cell design for enhanced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagat Bhanj Dev
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - Sakshee Rajpoot
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - Annaladasu Srivani
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
| | - Sukanta Dhar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India
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2
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Vanaraj R, Murugesan V, Rathinam B. The Role of Optimal Electron Transfer Layers for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells-A Systematic Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:859. [PMID: 39064371 PMCID: PMC11279333 DOI: 10.3390/mi15070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which are constructed using organic-inorganic combination resources, represent an upcoming technology that offers a competitor to silicon-based solar cells. Electron transport materials (ETMs), which are essential to PSCs, are attracting a lot of interest. In this section, we begin by discussing the development of the PSC framework, which would form the foundation for the requirements of the ETM. Because of their exceptional electronic characteristics and low manufacturing costs, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising proposal for future generations of thin-film solar energy. However, PSCs with a compact layer (CL) exhibit subpar long-term reliability and efficacy. The quality of the substrate beneath a layer of perovskite has a major impact on how quickly it grows. Therefore, there has been interest in substrate modification using electron transfer layers to create very stable and efficient PSCs. This paper examines the systemic alteration of electron transport layers (ETLs) based on electron transfer layers that are employed in PSCs. Also covered are the functions of ETLs in the creation of reliable and efficient PSCs. Achieving larger-sized particles, greater crystallization, and a more homogenous morphology within perovskite films, all of which are correlated with a more stable PSC performance, will be guided by this review when they are developed further. To increase PSCs' sustainability and enable them to produce clean energy at levels previously unheard of, the difficulties and potential paths for future research with compact ETLs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Vanaraj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Vajjiravel Murugesan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India;
| | - Balamurugan Rathinam
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliu, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
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3
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Hanif MS, Qasim I, Malik MI, Nasir MF, Ahmad O, Rashid A. Development of low-cost and high-efficiency solar modules based on perovskite solar cells for large-scale applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25703. [PMID: 38375263 PMCID: PMC10875439 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar energy has emerged as a viable and competitive renewable resource due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. To meet the global energy demands, there is a growing need for efficient devices with unique compositions. In this study, we designed and analyzed a perovskite solar cell (PSC) incorporating methylammonium tin iodide (CH3NH3SnI3) as the active optical absorber material, tin iodide (SnO2) as the electron transport layer (ETL), and copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) as the hole transport layer (HTL) using SCAPS-1D software for numerical investigations. Subsequently, the optimized outcomes were implemented in the PVSyst software package to derive the characteristics of a solar module based on the proposed novel solar cell composition. The objective of our research was to enhance the stability of solar cell for use in solar module. This was achieved by optimizing the thicknesses of the compositional layers which resulted in the enhancement of excess electron and hole mobilities and a reduction in defect densities, thereby leading to an improvement in the device performance. The optimization of excess electron and hole mobilities, as well as defect densities, was conducted to improve the device performance. SCAPS calculations indicated that the perovskite absorber layer (CH3NH3SnI3) may achieve the best possible performance with a maximum optimized thickness of 3.2 μm. The optimized thickness value for CuSCN-HTL and SnO2-ETL were found to be 0.07 μm and 0.05 μm respectively resulting in a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.57%. Variations in open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF %), and quantum efficiency (QE) associated with the optimized thickness values of all layers in the ITO/SnO2/CH3NH3SnI3/CuSCN/Mo composition were critically analyzed. The use of these input parameters resulted in power creation of 557.4 W for a module consisting of 72 cells with an annual performance ratio of 80.3%. These recent investigations are expected to be effective in the design and fabrication of eco-friendly and high-performance solar cells in terms of efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Hanif
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics (FEAS), Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Qasim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Rawalpindi Women University, 6th Road, Satellite Town, 46300 Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Nasir
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics (FEAS), Riphah International University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Owais Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Macquarie university, Sydney, Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Asim Rashid
- Technical Developer Renewables, Fortum corporation, POB 100, F1-00048 Keilalahdentie 2-4, Finland
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Irshad Z, Lee W, Adnan M, Choi Y, Park T, Lim J. Elucidating Charge Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite-Based Tandem Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300238. [PMID: 37322273 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multijunction tandem solar cells (TSCs) have presented high power conversion efficiency and revealed their immense potential in photovoltaic evolution. It is demonstrated that multiple light absorbers with various bandgap energies overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells by absorbing the wide-range wavelength photons. Here, the main key challenges are reviewed, especially the charge carrier dynamics in perovskite-based 2-terminal (2-T) TSCs in terms of current matching, and how to manage these issues from a vantage point of characterization. To do this, the effect of recombination layers, optical and fabrication hurdles, and the impact of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells are discussed extensively. Afterward, this review focuses on various optoelectronics, spectroscopic, and theoretical (optical simulation) characterizations to figure out those issues, especially current-matching issues faced by the photovoltaic society. This review comprehensively provides deep insights into the relationship between the current-matching problems and the photovoltaic performance of TSCs through a variety of perspectives. Consequently, it is believed that this review is essential to address the main problems of 2-T TSCs, and the suggestions to elucidate the charge carrier dynamics and its characterization may pave the way to overcome such obstacles to further improve the development of 2-T TSCs in relation to the current-matching problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Irshad
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjong Lee
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taiho Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
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Afre RA, Pugliese D. Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review of the Latest Advances in Materials, Fabrication Techniques, and Stability Enhancement Strategies. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:192. [PMID: 38398920 PMCID: PMC10890723 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining popularity due to their high efficiency and low-cost fabrication. In recent decades, noticeable research efforts have been devoted to improving the stability of these cells under ambient conditions. Moreover, researchers are exploring new materials and fabrication techniques to enhance the performance of PSCs under various environmental conditions. The mechanical stability of flexible PSCs is another area of research that has gained significant attention. The latest research also focuses on developing tin-based PSCs that can overcome the challenges associated with lead-based perovskites. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in materials, fabrication techniques, and stability enhancement strategies for PSCs. It discusses the recent progress in perovskite crystal structure engineering, device construction, and fabrication procedures that has led to significant improvements in the photo conversion efficiency of these solar devices. The article also highlights the challenges associated with PSCs such as their poor stability under ambient conditions and discusses various strategies employed to enhance their stability. These strategies include the use of novel materials for charge transport layers and encapsulation techniques to protect PSCs from moisture and oxygen. Finally, this article provides a critical assessment of the current state of the art in PSC research and discusses future prospects for this technology. This review concludes that PSCs have great potential as a low-cost alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells but require further research to improve their stability under ambient conditions in view of their definitive commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh A. Afre
- Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology (CoEN), Faculty of Engineering, Assam down town University (AdtU), Guwahati 781026, Assam, India;
| | - Diego Pugliese
- National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
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Kalanaki S, Abdi Y, Rahsepar FR. Crystallization Retardation and Synergistic Trap Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporated with Magnesium-Decorated Graphene Quantum Dots. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38345-38358. [PMID: 37867684 PMCID: PMC10586179 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
One of the encouraging strategies for enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is to reduce defects, trap states of pinholes, and charge recombination rate in the light absorber layer of perovskite, which can be addressed by increasing the perovskite grain size. The utilization of Mg-decorated graphene quantum dots (MGQD) or graphene quantum dots (GQDs) into a perovskite precursor solution for further crystal modification is introduced in this study. Studies on the crystalline structure and morphology of MGQD generated from GQDs demonstrate that MGQD has a greater crystal size than GQD. Therefore, higher light absorption in the whole UV-vis spectrum and a larger grain size for the perovskite/MGQD layer compared to the perovskite/GQD sample are achieved. Moreover, more photoluminescence peak quenching of perovskite/MGQD and extended carrier recombination lifetime (from 3 to 40 ns) verify the surface and grain boundary trap passivation compared to pristine perovskite. Consequently, PSCs in an n-i-p configuration containing perovskite/MGQD show a higher performance of 10.2% in comparison to the pristine perovskite at 7.2%, attributed to the enhanced JSC from 13.2 to 19.1 mA cm-2. Thus, incorporating MGQDs into the perovskite layer is a hopeful approach for obtaining a superior perovskite film with impressive charge extraction and decreased nonradiative charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Kalanaki
- Chemistry
Department, Kish International Campus, University
of Tehran, Tehran 1417633644, Iran
| | - Yaser Abdi
- Nanophysics
Lab., Department of Physics, University
of Tehran, Tehran 141761441, Iran
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Liu W, Hu S, Pascual J, Nakano K, Murdey R, Tajima K, Wakamiya A. Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with Open-Circuit Voltages Approaching the Shockley-Queisser Limit. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37379236 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of tin-based halide perovskite solar cells is limited by large photovoltage losses arising from the significant energy-level offset between the perovskite and the conventional electron transport material, fullerene C60. The fullerene derivative indene-C60 bisadduct (ICBA) is a promising alternative to mitigate this drawback, owing to its superior energy level matching with most tin-based perovskites. However, the less finely controlled energy disorder of the ICBA films leads to the extension of its band tails that limits the photovoltage of the resultant devices and reduces the power conversion efficiency. Herein, we fabricate ICBA films with improved morphology and electrical properties by optimizing the choice of solvent and the annealing temperature. Energy disorder in the ICBA films is substantially reduced, as evidenced by the 22 meV smaller width of the electronic density of states. The resulting solar cells show open-circuit voltages of up to 1.01 V, one of the highest values reported so far for tin-based devices. Combined with surface passivation, this strategy enabled solar cells with efficiencies of up to 11.57%. Our work highlights the importance of controlling the properties of the electron transport material toward the development of efficient lead-free perovskite solar cells and demonstrates the potential of solvent engineering for efficient device processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Liu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shuaifeng Hu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Richard Murdey
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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8
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Jangjoy A, Matloub S. Theoretical study of Ag and Au triple core-shell spherical plasmonic nanoparticles in ultra-thin film perovskite solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19102-19115. [PMID: 37381334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the enhancement of the power conversion efficiency of thin film organic-inorganic halide perovskites solar cells by embedding triple-core-shell spherical plasmonic nanoparticles into the absorber layer. A dielectric-metal-dielectric nanoparticle can be substituted for embedded metallic nanoparticles in the absorbing layer to modify their chemical and thermal stability. By solving Maxwell's equations with the three-dimensional finite difference time domain method, the proposed high-efficiency perovskite solar cell has been optically simulated. Additionally, the electrical parameters have been determined through numerical simulations of coupled Poisson and continuity equations. Based on electro-optical simulation results, the short-circuit current density of the proposed perovskite solar cell with triple core-shell nanoparticles consisting of dielectric-gold-dielectric and dielectric-silver-dielectric nanoparticles has been enhanced by approximately 25% and 29%, respectively, as compared to a perovskite solar cell without nanoparticles. By contrast, for pure gold and silver nanoparticles, the generated short-circuit current density increased by nearly 9% and 12%, respectively. Furthermore, in the optimal case of the perovskite solar cell the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current density, the fill factor, and the power conversion efficiency have been achieved at 1.06 V, 25 mAcm-2, 0.872, and 23.00%, respectively. Last but not least, lead toxicity has been reduced due to the ultra-thin perovskite absorber layer, and this study provides a detailed roadmap for the use of low-cost triple core-shell nanoparticles for efficient ultra-thin-film perovskite solar cells.
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Ozerova VV, Mumyatov AV, Goryachev AE, Khakina EA, Peregudov AS, Aldoshin SM, Troshin PA. Rational Design of Fullerene Derivatives for Improved Stability of p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with p-i-n architecture attracted particular attention from the research community due to their simple and scalable fabrication at low temperatures. However, the operational stability of p-i-n PSCs has to be improved, which requires the development of advanced charge transport interlayers. Fullerene derivatives such as phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) are commonly used as electron transport layer (ETL) materials in PSCs, though they strongly compromise the device stability. Indeed, it has been shown that PC61BM films actively absorb volatile products resulting from photodegradation of lead halide perovskites and transport them towards top metal electrode. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of new fullerene-based electron transport materials with improved properties, in particular the ability to heal defects on the perovskite films surface and block the diffusion of volatile perovskite photodegradation products. To address this challenge, a systematic variation of organic addends structure should be performed in order to tailor the properties of fullerene derivatives. Herein, we rationally designed a series of fullerene derivatives with different side chains and explored their performance as ETL materials in perovskite solar cells. It has been shown that among all studied compounds, a methanofullerene with thiophene pendant group enables both high efficiency and improved device operational stability. The obtained results suggest that further engineering of fullerene-based materials could pave a way for the development of advanced ETL materials enabling long lifetimes of p-i-n perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria V. Ozerova
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mumyatov
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Goryachev
- Physics Department, Ariel University, Ramat HaGolan St. 65, Ari’el 40700, Israel
| | - Ekaterina A. Khakina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavylova St. 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Vavylova St. 7, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavylova St. 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Aldoshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Troshin
- Federal Research Center for Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Semenov Avenue 1, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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Pandey S, Karakoti M, Bhardwaj D, Tatrari G, Sharma R, Pandey L, Lee MJ, Sahoo NG. Recent advances in carbon-based materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells: gaps, challenges and fulfillment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1492-1526. [PMID: 36926580 PMCID: PMC10012878 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Presently, carbon-based nanomaterials have shown tremendous potential for energy conversion applications. Especially, carbon-based materials have emerged as excellent candidates for the fabrication of halide perovskite-based solar cells, which may lead to their commercialization. In the last decade, PSCs have rapidly developed, and these hybrid devices demonstrate a comparable performance to silicon-based solar cells in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, PSCs lag behind silicon-based solar cells due to their poor stability and durability. Generally, noble metals such gold and silver are employed as back electrode materials during the fabrication of PSCs. However, the use of these expensive rare metals is associated with some issues, urgently necessitating the search for cost-effective materials, which can realize the commercial applications of PSCs due to their interesting properties. Thus, the present review shows how carbon-based materials can become the main candidates for the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs. Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, graphite, graphene nanosheets (2D/3D), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon nanosheets show potential for the laboratory and large-scale fabrication of solar cells and modules. Carbon-based PSCs can achieve efficient and long-term stability for both rigid and flexible substrates because of their high conductivity and excellent hydrophobicity, thus showing good results in comparison to metal electrode-based PSCs. Thus, the present review also demonstrates and discusses the latest state-of-the-art and recent advances for carbon-based PSCs. Furthermore, we present perspectives on the cost-effective synthesis of carbon-based materials for the broader view of the future sustainability of carbon-based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
- Liquid Crystals Research Center, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Manoj Karakoti
- PRS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University D.S.B. Campus Nainital-263001 Uttarakhand India
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Dinesh Bhardwaj
- Vikas Ecotech Limited 34/1 East Punjabi Bagh New Delhi-110026 India
| | - Gaurav Tatrari
- PRS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University D.S.B. Campus Nainital-263001 Uttarakhand India
- Chemistry of Interface, Lulea Technology University Lulea Sweden
| | - Richa Sharma
- Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology GGSIPU, Rohini New Delhi 110086 India
| | - Lata Pandey
- PRS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University D.S.B. Campus Nainital-263001 Uttarakhand India
| | - Man-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
- Liquid Crystals Research Center, Konkuk University Seoul 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- PRS Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University D.S.B. Campus Nainital-263001 Uttarakhand India
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11
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Chowdhury TA, Bin Zafar MA, Sajjad-Ul Islam M, Shahinuzzaman M, Islam MA, Khandaker MU. Stability of perovskite solar cells: issues and prospects. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1787-1810. [PMID: 36712629 PMCID: PMC9828105 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05903g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though power conversion efficiency has already reached 25.8%, poor stability is one of the major challenges hindering the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Several initiatives, such as structural modification and fabrication techniques by numerous ways, have been employed by researchers around the world to achieve the desired level of stability. The goal of this review is to address the recent improvements in PSCs in terms of structural modification and fabrication procedures. Perovskite films are used to provide a broad range of stability and to lose up to 20% of their initial performance. A thorough comprehension of the effect of the fabrication process on the device's stability is considered to be crucial in order to provide the foundation for future attempts. We summarize several commonly used fabrication techniques - spin coating, doctor blade, sequential deposition, hybrid chemical vapor, and alternating layer-by-layer. The evolution of device structure from regular to inverted, HTL free, and ETL including the changes in material utilization from organic to inorganic, as well as the perovskite material are presented in a systematic manner. We also aimed to gain insight into the functioning stability of PSCs, as well as practical information on how to increase their operational longevity through sensible device fabrication and materials processing, to promote PSC commercialization at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - Md Arafat Bin Zafar
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - Md Sajjad-Ul Islam
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong Kumira Bangladesh
| | - M Shahinuzzaman
- Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Aminul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University DIU Rd Dhaka 1341 Bangladesh
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12
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Hossain MK, Arnab AA, Das RC, Hossain KM, Rubel MHK, Rahman MF, Bencherif H, Emetere ME, Mohammed MKA, Pandey R. Combined DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks for design optimization of efficient Cs 2BiAgI 6-based perovskite solar cells with different charge transport layers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34850-34873. [PMID: 36540224 PMCID: PMC9727753 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06734j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, combined DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks are used to investigate the optimized designs of Cs2BiAgI6 double perovskite-based solar cells. First-principles calculations are employed to investigate the structural stability, optical responses, and electronic contribution of the constituent elements in Cs2BiAgI6 absorber material, where SCAPS-1D and wxAMPS simulators are used to scrutinize different configurations of Cs2BiAgI6 solar cells. Here, PCBM, ZnO, TiO2, C60, IGZO, SnO2, WS2, and CeO2 are used as ETL, and Cu2O, CuSCN, CuSbS2, NiO, P3HT, PEDOT:PSS, spiro-MeOTAD, CuI, CuO, V2O5, CBTS, CFTS are used as HTL, and Au is used as a back contact. About ninety-six combinations of Cs2BiAgI6-based solar cell structures are investigated, in which eight sets of solar cell structures are identified as the most efficient structures. Besides, holistic investigation on the effect of different factors such as the thickness of different layers, series and shunt resistances, temperature, capacitance, Mott-Schottky and generation-recombination rates, and J-V (current-voltage density) and QE (quantum efficiency) characteristics is performed. The results show CBTS as the best HTL for Cs2BiAgI6 with all eight ETLs used in this work, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.99%, 21.55%, 21.59%, 17.47%, 20.42%, 21.52%, 14.44%, 21.43% with PCBM, TiO2, ZnO, C60, IGZO, SnO2, CeO2, WS2, respectively. The proposed strategy may pave the way for further design optimization of lead-free double perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khalid Hossain
- Institute of Electronics, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka 1349 Bangladesh
| | - A A Arnab
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Dhaka 1208 Bangladesh
| | - Ranjit C Das
- Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - K M Hossain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - M H K Rubel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi 6205 Bangladesh
| | - Md Ferdous Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Begum Rokeya University Rangpur 5400 Bangladesh
| | - H Bencherif
- HNS-RE2SD, Higher National School of Renewable Energies, Environment and Sustainable Development Batna 05078 Algeria
| | - M E Emetere
- Department of Physics and Solar Energy, Bowen University Iwo 232101 Osun Nigeria
| | - Mustafa K A Mohammed
- Radiological Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College Hillah 51001 Babylon Iraq
| | - Rahul Pandey
- VLSI Centre of Excellence, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University Punjab 140401 India
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13
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Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide as a Hole Transport Layer for High-Efficiency Formamidinium Perovskite Solar Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227927. [PMID: 36432027 PMCID: PMC9694249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer advantages over widely deployed silicon solar cells in terms of ease of fabrication; however, the device is still under rigorous materials optimization for cell performance, stability, and cost. In this work, we explore a version of a PSC by replacing the polymeric hole transport layer (HTL) such as Spiro-OMeTAD, P3HT, and PEDOT: PSS with a more air-stable metal oxide, viz., nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:N). Numerical simulations on formamidinium (FA)-based PSCs in the FTO/TiO2/FAPbI3/Ag configuration have been carried out to depict the behaviour of the HTL as well as the effect of absorber layer thickness (∆t) on photovoltaic parameters. The results show that the cell output increases when the HTL bandgap increases from 2.5 to 3.0 eV. By optimizing the absorber layer thickness and the gradient in defect density (Nt), the device structure considered here can deliver a maximum power conversion efficiency of ~21.38% for a lower HTL bandgap (~2.5 eV) and ~26.99% for a higher HTL bandgap of ~3.0 eV. The results are validated by reproducing the performance of PSCs employing commonly used polymeric HTLs, viz. Spiro-OMeTAD, P3HT, and PEDOT: PSS as well as high power conversion efficiency in the highly crystalline perovskite layer. Therefore, the present study provides high-performing, cost-effective PSCs using TiO2:N.
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14
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Stanić D, Kojić V, Bohač M, Čižmar T, Juraić K, Rath T, Gajović A. Simulation and Optimization of FAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells with a BaTiO 3 Layer for Efficiency Enhancement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7310. [PMID: 36295375 PMCID: PMC9608959 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the addition of BaTiO3 in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provides a more energetically favorable transport route for electrons, resulting in more efficient charge separation and electron extraction, in this work we experimentally prepared such a PSC and used a modeling approach to point out which simulation parameters have an influence on PSC characteristics and how they can be improved. We added a layer of BaTiO3 onto the TiO2 electron transport layer and prepared a PSC, which had an FTO/TiO2/BaTiO3/FAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/Au architecture with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11%. Further, we used the simulation program SCAPS-1D to investigate and optimize the device parameters (thickness of the BaTiO3 and absorber layers, doping, and defect concentration) resulting in devices with PCEs reaching up to 15%, and even up to 20% if we assume an ideal structure with no interlayer defects. Our experimental findings and simulations in this paper highlight the promising interplay of multilayer TiO2/BaTiO3 ETLs for potential future applications in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Stanić
- Department of Physics, University of Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vedran Kojić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Bohač
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Čižmar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Juraić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreja Gajović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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15
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Caselli V, Savenije T. Quantifying Charge Carrier Recombination Losses in MAPbI 3/C60 and MAPbI 3/Spiro-OMeTAD with and without Bias Illumination. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7523-7531. [PMID: 35947433 PMCID: PMC9393883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To increase the open-circuit voltage in perovskite-based solar cells, recombination processes at the interface with transport layers (TLs) should be identified and reduced. We investigated the charge carrier dynamics in bilayers of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) with C60 or Spiro-OMeTAD using time-resolved microwave conductance (TRMC) measurements with and without bias illumination (BI). By modeling the results, we quantified recombination losses in bare MAPbI3 and extraction into the TLs. Only under BI did we find that the density of deep traps increases in bare MAPbI3, substantially enhancing trap-mediated losses. This reversible process is prevented in a bilayer with C60 but not with Spiro-OMeTAD. While under BI extraction rates reduce significantly in both bilayers, only in MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD does interfacial recombination also increases, substantially reducing the quasi Fermi level splitting. This work demonstrates the impact of BI on charge dynamics and shows that adjusting the Fermi level of TLs is imperative to reduce interfacial recombination losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.M. Caselli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - T.J. Savenije
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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16
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Gulomov J, Accouche O, Aliev R, Neji B, Ghandour R, Gulomova I, Azab M. Geometric Optimization of Perovskite Solar Cells with Metal Oxide Charge Transport Layers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2692. [PMID: 35957123 PMCID: PMC9370162 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising area of research among different new generations of photovoltaic technologies. Their manufacturing costs make them appealing in the PV industry compared to their alternatives. Although PSCs offer high efficiency in thin layers, they are still in the development phase. Hence, optimizing the thickness of each of their layers is a challenging research area. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the thickness of each layer on the photoelectric parameters of n-ZnO/p-CH3NH3PbI3/p-NiOx solar cell through various simulations. Using the Sol-Gel method, PSC structure can be formed in different thicknesses. Our aim is to identify a functional connection between those thicknesses and the optimum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. Simulation results show that the maximum efficiency is obtained using a perovskite layer thickness of 200 nm, an electronic transport layer (ETL) thickness of 60 nm, and a hole transport layer (HTL) thickness of 20 nm. Furthermore, the output power, fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current of this structure are 18.9 mW/cm2, 76.94%, 1.188 V, and 20.677 mA/cm2, respectively. The maximum open-circuit voltage achieved by a solar cell with perovskite, ETL and HTL layer thicknesses of (200 nm, 60 nm, and 60 nm) is 1.2 V. On the other hand, solar cells with the following thicknesses, 800 nm, 80 nm, and 40 nm, and 600 nm, 80 nm, and 80 nm, achieved a maximum short-circuit current density of 21.46 mA/cm2 and a fill factor of 83.35%. As a result, the maximum value of each of the photoelectric parameters is found in structures of different thicknesses. These encouraging results are another step further in the design and manufacturing journey of PSCs as a promising alternative to silicon PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasurbek Gulomov
- Renewable Energy Sources Laboratory, Andijan State University, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
- Andijan State Pedagogical Institute, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
| | - Oussama Accouche
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Rayimjon Aliev
- Renewable Energy Sources Laboratory, Andijan State University, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
| | - Bilel Neji
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Raymond Ghandour
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Irodakhon Gulomova
- Renewable Energy Sources Laboratory, Andijan State University, Andijan 170100, Uzbekistan
| | - Marc Azab
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
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17
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Gonzalez-Moya J, Chang CY, Radu DR, Lai CY. Photocatalytic Deposition of Nanostructured CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Films on Mesoporous TiO 2 and Their Enhanced Visible-Light Photodegradation Properties. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26738-26748. [PMID: 35936483 PMCID: PMC9352250 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the in situ photocatalytic deposition of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots on mesoporous TiO2-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO/TiO2) electrodes. The mesoporous TiO2 layer is used as a photocatalyst to promote the following: (1) the Pb deposition from a Pb2+ aqueous solution and (2) the in situ Pb conversion into CsPbBr3 perovskite in the presence of a CsBr methanolic solution without any organic capping agent. Both steps are carried out under ultraviolet light irradiation under ambient conditions without any post-treatment. The obtained FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3 film was characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The FTO/TiO2/CsPbBr3 heterojunction exhibited enhanced visible-light photodegradation activity demonstrated for the oxidation of curcumin organic dye as a model system. The novel and simple approach to fabricating a supported photocatalyst represents a scalable general method to use semiconductors as a platform to incorporate different perovskites, either all-inorganic or hybrid, for optoelectronic applications. The perovskite deposition method mediated by the UV light at room temperature could be further applied to flexible and wearable solar power electronics.
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18
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Yin Z, Lu B, Chen Y, Guo C. Advances of Commercial and Biological Materials for Electron Transport Layers in Biological Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:900269. [PMID: 35711642 PMCID: PMC9194854 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.900269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transport layer (ETL), one of the important layers for high-performing perovskite solar cells (PSCs), also has great potential in bioengineering applications. It could be used for biological sensors, biological imaging, and biomedical treatments with high resolution or efficiency. Seldom research focused on the development of biological material for ETL and their application in biological uses. This review will introduce commercial and biological materials used in ETL to help readers understand the working mechanism of ETL. And the ways to prepare ETL at low temperatures will also be introduced to improve the performance of ETL. Then this review summarizes the latest research on material doping, material modification, and bilayer ETL structures to improve the electronic transmission capacity of ETLs. Finally, the application of ETLs in bioengineering will be also shown to demonstrate that ETLs and their used material have a high potential for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Yin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Lu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Presidents’ Office of China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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19
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Alias NSNM, Arith F, Mustafa ANM, Ismail MM, Chachuli SAM, Shah ASM. Compatibility of Al-doped ZnO electron transport layer with various HTLs and absorbers in perovskite solar cells. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:4535-4542. [PMID: 36256295 DOI: 10.1364/ao.455550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown a significant improvement in cell performance in photovoltaics technology. The commonly used light absorbing material of halide-based perovskite in PSCs has produced high efficiency cells with low cost and a simple fabrication process. However, it contains the harmful substance of Pb, which affects the environment, and the cell still suffers from instability in the long run. Therefore, this work presents a theoretical study of the Pb-free absorber layer of CH3NH3SnI3 that is paired for compatibility with various types of hole transport layers (HTLs). Several key parameters of the absorbent layer and HTL have been optimized to produce the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) using 1D-SCAPS software under AM 1.5 illumination. It was found that the combination of Cu2O and CH3NH3SnI3 used as the HTL and absorbent layer, respectively, has resulted in great PCE as high as 27.72%. These findings prove that the use of inorganic HTLs and Pb-free perovskite layers is promising for use in PSCs.
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20
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Dkhili M, Lucarelli G, De Rossi F, Taheri B, Hammedi K, Ezzaouia H, Brunetti F, Brown TM. Attributes of High-Performance Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells on Flexible PET versus on Glass. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:4096-4107. [PMID: 35497682 PMCID: PMC9044394 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETLs) play a fundamental role in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) through charge extraction. Here, we developed flexible PSCs on 12 different kinds of ETLs based on SnO2. We show that ETLs need to be specifically developed for plastic substrates in order to attain 15% efficient flexible cells. Recipes developed for glass substrates do not typically transfer directly. Among all the ETLs, ZnO/SnO2 double layers delivered the highest average power conversion efficiency of 14.6% (best cell 14.8%), 39% higher than that of flexible cells of the same batch based on SnO2-only ETLs. However, the cells with a single ETL made of SnO2 nanoparticles were found to be more stable as well as more efficient and reproducible than SnO2 formed from a liquid precursor (SnO2-LP). We aimed at increasing the understanding of what makes a good ETL on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. More so than ensuring electron transport (as seen from on-current and series resistance analysis), delivering high shunt resistances (R SH) and lower recombination currents (I off) is key to obtain high efficiency. In fact, R SH of PSCs fabricated on glass was twice as large, and I off was 76% lower in relative terms, on average, than those on PET, indicating considerably better blocking behavior of ETLs on glass, which to a large extent explains the differences in average PCE (+29% in relative terms for glass vs PET) between these two types of devices. Importantly, we also found a clear trend for all ETLs and for different substrates between the wetting behavior of each surface and the final performance of the device, with efficiencies increasing with lower contact angles (ranging between ∼50 and 80°). Better wetting, with average contact angles being lower by 25% on glass versus PET, was conducive to delivering higher-quality layers and interfaces. This cognizance can help further optimize flexible devices and close the efficiency gap that still exists with their glass counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Dkhili
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory
of Semiconductors, Nanostructures and Advanced Technology (LSNTA), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Photovoltaic
Laboratory, Research and Technology Centre
of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Giulia Lucarelli
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca De Rossi
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Babak Taheri
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Khadija Hammedi
- Laboratory
of Semiconductors, Nanostructures and Advanced Technology (LSNTA), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Photovoltaic
Laboratory, Research and Technology Centre
of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Ezzaouia
- Laboratory
of Semiconductors, Nanostructures and Advanced Technology (LSNTA), Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Photovoltaic
Laboratory, Research and Technology Centre
of Energy (CRTEn), BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Brunetti
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas M. Brown
- CHOSE
(Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic
Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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21
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Jonathan L, Diguna LJ, Samy O, Muqoyyanah M, Abu Bakar S, Birowosuto MD, El Moutaouakil A. Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Halide Materials for Photovoltaics towards Their Commercialization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1059. [PMID: 35267884 PMCID: PMC8914961 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) photovoltaics have emerged as a promising new technology for the next generation of photovoltaics since their first development 10 years ago, and show a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 29.3%. The power-conversion efficiency of these perovskite photovoltaics depends on the base materials used in their development, and methylammonium lead iodide is generally used as the main component. Perovskite materials have been further explored to increase their efficiency, as they are cheaper and easier to fabricate than silicon photovoltaics, which will lead to better commercialization. Even with these advantages, perovskite photovoltaics have a few drawbacks, such as their stability when in contact with heat and humidity, which pales in comparison to the 25-year stability of silicon, even with improvements are made when exploring new materials. To expand the benefits and address the drawbacks of perovskite photovoltaics, perovskite-silicon tandem photovoltaics have been suggested as a solution in the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. This tandem photovoltaic results in an increased PCE value by presenting a better total absorption wavelength for both perovskite and silicon photovoltaics. In this work, we summarized the advances in HOIP photovoltaics in the contact of new material developments, enhanced device fabrication, and innovative approaches to the commercialization of large-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jonathan
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Prasetiya Mulya University, Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama, BSD City, Tangerang 15339, Indonesia; (L.J.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Lina Jaya Diguna
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Prasetiya Mulya University, Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama, BSD City, Tangerang 15339, Indonesia; (L.J.); (L.J.D.)
| | - Omnia Samy
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Muqoyyanah Muqoyyanah
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia; (M.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia; (M.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Muhammad Danang Birowosuto
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Amine El Moutaouakil
- Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
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22
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He Z, Zhou Y, Liu A, Gao L, Zhang C, Wei G, Ma T. Recent progress in metal sulfide-based electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17272-17289. [PMID: 34643634 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-quality electron transport layers (ETLs) are essential for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Metal sulfides (MSs) are considered potential candidates for ETLs due to their high carrier mobility, low cost, and favorable chemical and physical stability. The quality of the MS films plays important role in the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. However, few reports focus on the relative preparation, characteristics, and corresponding mechanisms of MS-based ETLs. In this review, MS-based ETLs are summarized according to their preparation strategies and the mechanism. We hope that this review can help others understand the intrinsic phenomena of MS-based ETLs and motivate further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Anmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Liguo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Chu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Guoying Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Tingli Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China.
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan
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Stanić D, Kojić V, Čižmar T, Juraić K, Bagladi L, Mangalam J, Rath T, Gajović A. Simulating the Performance of a Formamidinium Based Mixed Cation Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cell. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216341. [PMID: 34771867 PMCID: PMC8585371 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of decreasing the number of experiments to obtain a perovskite solar cell (PSC) with maximum theoretical efficiency, in this paper, PSC performance was studied using the program solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). The PSC with the architecture ITO/TiO2/perovskite/spiro-MeOTAD/Au was investigated, while the selected perovskite was mixed cation Rb0.05Cs0.1FA0.85PbI3. The analysis was based on an experimentally prepared solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of ~7%. The PSC performance, verified by short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and power conversion efficiency (PCE), was studied by optimization of the simulation parameters responsible for improvement of the cell operation. The optimized parameters were absorber layer thickness, doping, defect concentration and the influence of the resistivity (the net effect of ohmic loss, Rs and the leakage current loss represented by the resistivity, Rshunt). The results of SCAPS-1D simulations estimated the theoretical power conversion efficiency of 15% for our material. We have showed that the main contribution to improvement of solar cell efficiency comes with lowering ohmic resistivity of the cell as well as doping and defect concentration, because their concentration is proportional to recombination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Stanić
- Department of Physics, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vedran Kojić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (T.Č.); (K.J.)
| | - Tihana Čižmar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (T.Č.); (K.J.)
| | - Krunoslav Juraić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (T.Č.); (K.J.)
| | - Lara Bagladi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Jimmy Mangalam
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (J.M.); (T.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi Via Prremnagar, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM), NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/V, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (J.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Andreja Gajović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.K.); (T.Č.); (K.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Recent progress in electron transport bilayer for efficient and low-cost perovskite solar cells: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-05064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Ndiolene A, Diop T, Boye MS, Diasse-Sarr A, Englert U. A new organic-inorganic compound, ethyl-enedi-ammonium hexa-chlorido-stannate(IV) p-anisaldehyde disolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:696-699. [PMID: 34513013 PMCID: PMC8382060 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902100579x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title organic-inorganic hybrid complex [systematic name: ethane-1,2-diaminium hexa-chlorido-stannate(IV)-4-meth-oxy-benz-alde-hyde (1/2)], (C2H10N2)[SnCl6]·2C8H8O2, contains one half of an ethyl-enedi-ammonium cation, one half of an [SnCl6]2- anion and one p-anisaldehyde mol-ecule. Both the organic cation and the quasi-regular octa-hedral inorganic anion are located about inversion centres. The organic cations and [SnCl6]2- anions lie in layers parallel to the ac plane with p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules occupying the space between the layers. A network of classical N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds exists between the ethyl-enedi-ammonium cations and the [SnCl6]2- anions and p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules. These inter-actions, together with non-classical C-H⋯O inter-actions between the ethyl-enedi-ammonium cations and the p-anisaldehyde mol-ecules, serve to hold the structure together. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Ndiolene
- Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale et Analytique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Tidiane Diop
- Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale et Analytique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Mouhamadou Sembène Boye
- Département de Physique Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies de l’Education et de la Formation, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Boulevard Habib, Bourguiba, BP 5036 Fann-Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aminata Diasse-Sarr
- Laboratoire de Chimie Minérale et Analytique, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Sławek A, Starowicz Z, Lipiński M. The Influence of the Thickness of Compact TiO 2 Electron Transport Layer on the Performance of Planar CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123295. [PMID: 34198714 PMCID: PMC8232335 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, lead halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention from the scientific community due to their exceptional properties and fast-growing enhancement for solar energy harvesting efficiency. One of the fundamental aspects of the architecture of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) is the electron transport layer (ETL), which also acts as a barrier for holes. In this work, the influence of compact TiO2 ETL on the performance of planar heterojunction solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite was investigated. ETLs were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates from a titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) precursor solution using the spin-coating method with changing precursor concentration and centrifugation speed. It was found that the thickness and continuity of ETLs, investigated between 0 and 124 nm, strongly affect the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, in particular short-circuit current density (JSC). Optical and topographic properties of the compact TiO2 layers were investigated as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Sławek
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Starowicz
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
| | - Marek Lipiński
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
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