Carbon Emission Reduction—Carbon Tax, Carbon Trading, and Carbon Offset

Review on the modifications of natural and industrial waste CaO based sorbent of calcium looping with enhanced CO2 capture capacity

The calcium looping cycle (CaL) possesses outstanding CO2 capture capacity for future carbon-capturing technologies that utilise CaO sorbents to capture the CO2 in a looping cycle. However, sorbent degradation and the presence of inert materials stabilise the sorbent, thereby reducing the CO2 capture capacity. Consequently, the CaO sorbent that has degraded must be replenished, increasing the operational cost for industrial use. CaO sorbents have been modified to enhance their CO2 capture capacity and stability. However, various CaO sorbents, including limestone, dolomite, biogenesis calcium waste and industrial waste, exhibit distinct behaviour in response to these modifications. Thus, this work comprehensively reviews the CO2 capture capacity of sorbent improvement based on various CaO sorbents. Furthermore, this study provides an understanding of the effects of CO2 capture capacity based on the properties of the CaO sorbent. The properties of various CaO sorbents, such as surface area, pore volume, particle size and morphology, are influential in exhibiting high CO2 capture capacity. This review provides insights into the future development of CaL technology, particularly for carbon-capturing technologies that focus on the modifications of CaO sorbents and the properties that affect the CO2 capture capacity.

The Promoting Effect of Green Technology Innovations on Sustainable Supply Chain Development: Evidence from China’s Transport Sector

This paper analyses direct and indirect mechanisms of the promoting effect of green technology innovation of transport companies on the SSC development. Based on China’s transport sector data, we conduct an empirical study using the LL-FE model. Theoretical and empirical studies have two key findings: (1) On the direct mechanism, green technology innovations of transport companies have a positive role of promoting SSC development. When the level of green technological innovation of transportation enterprises increases by 1% totally, the level of transportation carbon emissions decreases by about 0.23%. (2) As for indirect mechanisms, green technology innovations of transport companies will promote SSC development through technology spill over, market competition and social network. This paper enriches the understanding of green technological innovation and SSC both in theoretical and empirical aspects.

CO2 Capture by Virgin Ivy Plants Growing Up on the External Covers of Houses as a Rapid Complementary Route to Achieve Global GHG Reduction Targets

Global CO2 concentration level in the air is unprecedently high and should be rapidly and significantly reduced to avoid a global climate catastrophe. The work indicates the possibility of quickly lowering the impact of changes that have already happened and those we know will happen, especially in terms of the CO2 emitted and stored in the atmosphere, by implanting a virgin ivy plant on the available area of walls and roofs of the houses. The proposed concept of reducing CO2 from the atmosphere is one of the technologies with significant potential for implementation entirely and successfully. For the first time, we showed that the proposed concept allows over 3.5 billion tons of CO2 to be captured annually directly from the atmosphere, which makes even up 6.9% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The value constitutes enough high CO2 reduction to consider the concept as one of the applicable technologies allowing to decelerate global warming. Additional advantages of the presented concept are its global nature, it allows for the reduction of CO2 from all emission sources, regardless of its type and location on earth, and the fact that it will simultaneously lower the air temperature, contribute to oxygen production, and reduce dust in the environment.

Design of Combined Auction Model for Emission Rights of International Forestry Carbon Sequestration and Other Pollutants Based on SMRA

In this paper, the combined transactions for emission rights of international carbon sequestration and other pollutants in forestry have been taken as the research object, and the Simultaneous Multiple Round Auction (SMRA) theory has been used to design a new model for the current auction transactions. In this paper, the feasibility and application of the SMRA model of reach object are studied by the methods of simulation experiment, model analysis, and analogical analysis, and the promotion of this model is discussed. The results show that the new auction model designed in this paper fills in the blank of the combined auction of international forestry carbon sequestration and other pollutant emission rights. It successfully eliminates the winners’ curse and the losses of the sellers. Meanwhile, it provides a new way of resolving ecological deficits problems, achieving the ultimate goal of an overall reduction in carbon and pollution emission. Moreover, it’s beneficial in resolving the structural contradictions between ecological purification and pollutants discharge, hence maximizing the benefits for all the stakeholders. Finally, it is suggested that the SMRA should be adopted in the international trading of emission rights of international carbon sequestration and other pollutants to promote the emission reduction of greenhouse gases and pollutants.

A Review on Numerical Approach to Achieve Building Energy Efficiency for Energy, Economy and Environment (3E) Benefit

Increasing energy demand in buildings with a 40% global share and 30% greenhouse gas emissions has accounted for climate change and a consequent crisis encouraging improvement of building energy efficiency to achieve the combined benefit of energy, economy, and environment. For an efficient system, the optimization of different design control strategies such as building space load, occupancy, lighting, and HVAC becomes inevitable. Therefore, interdisciplinary teamwork of developers, designers, architects, and consumers to deliver a high-performance building becomes essential. This review aims to endorse the importance of Building Performance Simulation in the pre-design phase along with the challenges faced during its adaptation to implementation. A morphology chart is structured to showcase the improvement in Building Energy Efficiency by implementing Building Performance Simulation for different building energy systems and by implementing various energy efficiency strategies to achieve the 3E benefit. As a developing nation, India still lacks mass application of Building Performance Simulation tools for improving Building Energy Efficiency due to improper channelizing or implementation; thus, this framework will enable the designers, architects, researchers to contemplate variable building energy optimization scenarios.