The Effect of Aggressive Driving on Vehicle Parameters

Review of Integrated Chassis Control Techniques for Automated Ground Vehicles

Integrated chassis control systems represent a significant advancement in the dynamics of ground vehicles, aimed at enhancing overall performance, comfort, handling, and stability. As vehicles transition from internal combustion to electric platforms, integrated chassis control systems have evolved to meet the demands of electrification and automation. This paper analyses the overall control structure of automated vehicles with integrated chassis control systems. Integration of longitudinal, lateral, and vertical systems presents complexities due to the overlapping control regions of various subsystems. The presented methodology includes a comprehensive examination of state-of-the-art technologies, focusing on algorithms to manage control actions and prevent interference between subsystems. The results underscore the importance of control allocation to exploit the additional degrees of freedom offered by over-actuated systems. This paper systematically overviews the various control methods applied in integrated chassis control and path tracking. This includes a detailed examination of perception and decision-making, parameter estimation techniques, reference generation strategies, and the hierarchy of controllers, encompassing high-level, middle-level, and low-level control components. By offering this systematic overview, this paper aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of the diverse control methods employed in automated driving with integrated chassis control, providing insights into their applications, strengths, and limitations.

Evaluating the real-world emissions of diesel passenger Car in Indian heterogeneous traffic

A 30 portable emission measurement system (PEMS) test was conducted in this study to examine the effect of driving modes (aggressive and normal) and road type (urban and rural) on tailpipe emissions. Driving modes were assessed using relative positive acceleration and velocity × positive acceleration factors. The findings revealed that aggressive and normal driving modes differed significantly on urban and rural roads, as evident from paired sample t-test (p < 0.05). Furthermore, aggressive driving exhibited more prominent speed and acceleration on rural roads, while normal driving modes showed consistent acceleration or speed patterns regardless of road conditions as observed from kernel density estimation and box plot analysis. Emission rates (CO, CO2, HC, and NOx) significantly varied between aggressive and normal driving modes on urban and rural roads, as indicated by paired sample t-test analysis (p < 0.05). Aggressive driving increased CO2, CO, and HC emission rates for acceleration and deceleration modes by 18% to 40% compared to normal driving. Aggressive driving modes increased the emission factors (CO, HC, and CO2) by 5% to 25% compared to the normal driving mode on both urban and rural roads. Moreover, the NOx emission factors were also found significant during normal driving conditions on urban roads. This study provides real-world emission factors of diesel cars considering the impact of route, vehicle familiarity, and driving behavior induced by varying traffic conditions, which will contribute to improve the current emissions inventory on both a local and global level.

Experimental Study on Longitudinal Acceleration of Urban Buses and Coaches in Different Road Maneuvers

A vehicle's longitudinal acceleration is a parameter often used for determining vehicle motion dynamics. This parameter can also be used to evaluate driver behavior and passenger comfort analysis. The paper presents the results of longitudinal acceleration tests of city buses and coaches recorded during rapid acceleration and braking maneuvers. The presented test results demonstrate that longitudinal acceleration is significantly affected by road conditions and surface type. In addition, the paper presents the values of longitudinal accelerations of city buses and coaches during their regular operation. These results were obtained on the basis of registration of vehicle traffic parameters in a continuous and long-term manner. The test results showed that the maximum deceleration values recorded during the tests of city buses and coaches in real traffic conditions were much lower than the maximum deceleration values found during sudden braking maneuvers. This proves that the tested drivers in real conditions did not have to use sudden braking. The maximum positive acceleration values recorded in acceleration maneuvers were slightly higher than the acceleration values logged during the rapid acceleration tests on the track.

Analysis of the Impact of Invisible Road Icing on Selected Parameters of a Minibus Vehicle

The measurement of acceleration during vehicle motion can be used to assess the driving styles and behaviours of drivers, to control vehicle traffic, to detect uncontrolled vehicle behaviour, and to prevent accidents. The measurement of acceleration during vehicle motion on an icy road can be used to warn the driver about changing conditions and the related hazards. This paper presents the results of testing the motion parameters of a Ford Transit adapted for passenger transport in critical traffic conditions. It can contribute to the improvement of road safety. Critical traffic conditions are deemed in the paper as sudden braking, rapid acceleration, and circular vehicle motion at maximum speed maintainable in the given conditions. The vehicle's acceleration and speed were measured during the tests. The tests were carried out with a TAA linear acceleration sensor and a Correvit S-350 Aqua optoelectronic sensor. The same test runs were conducted on a dry surface, a wet (after rain) surface and a surface covered with a thin, invisible ice layer. The objective of the tests was to determine the impact of invisible road icing, the so-called black ice, on the tested vehicle's braking, acceleration, and circular motion. It was demonstrated that a virtually invisible ice layer covering the road surface has a substantial impact on the tested vehicle's motion parameters, thereby affecting traffic safety. It substantially extends the braking and acceleration distances and requires the driver to reduce the vehicle's speed when performing circular motions. A clear wet surface, representing motion after rain, did not substantially affect the analysed parameters. The obtained results can be used in traffic simulations and to analyse the causes of accidents.

La relación de los factores de personalidad y la conducción agresiva: los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el papel que los factores de personalidad pertenecientes a los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura —maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía— tienen en la conducción agresiva. La muestra se compuso de 318 estudiantes universitarios con permiso de conducir, quienes contestaron a una batería de pruebas que evaluaba los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes (tipi), la Tríada Oscura (dd) y la conducción agresiva (das y dax). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica controlando las variables de edad y sexo, respaldan la utilidad predictiva de los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura. Los resultados mostraron cómo la afabilidad, la estabilidad emocional y la apertura a la experiencia predicen de manera significativa diversos aspectos de la conducción agresiva. El maquiavelismo y el narcisismo son predictores significativos de diversas formas de expresión de la ira en la conducción, una vez controladoslos efectos de los Cinco Grandes.

A Methodology for Evaluating Driving Styles in Various Road Conditions

For many institutions, it is important to evaluate a given driving technique as safe or unsafe based on measurable vehicle movement parameters. The paper constitutes a part of studies aimed at establishing a method of parameter-based evaluation of drivers in various road conditions, in other words, to create a so-called ‘driver profile’. The tests were carried out on a 650 km route, on four varying road types. Longitudinal and lateral acceleration values are used to evaluate the driving style. An analysis is presented of the impact of the type and shape of road on acceleration values. The results demonstrate that the same driver, when driving the same vehicle on an expressway, an inter-urban road or in urban traffic, will move with various acceleration values. A detailed analysis of acceleration values and distributions was conducted. Interesting conclusions were drawn after excluding the so-called ‘smooth driving’ sections, by acceleration ranges of −0.5 to 0.5 m/s2 from the analysis. This allowed for the evaluation of the structure of other longitudinal and lateral acceleration values. After this modification, the distributions showed specificity for the given road type, thereby allowing the road type used by the vehicle’s driver to be recognized based solely on the distribution.