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Eleryan A, Güner EK, Hassaan M, El-Nemr MA, Ragab S, El Nemr A. Mandarin biochar-CO-TETA was utilized for Acid Red 73 dye adsorption from water, and its isotherm and kinetic studies were investigated. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13021. [PMID: 38844483 PMCID: PMC11156941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a major issue today due to the release of dyestuff waste into the environment through industrial wastewater. There is a need for affordable and effective adsorbents to remove harmful dyes from industrial waste. In this study, Mandarin biochar-CO-TETA (MBCOT) adsorbent was prepared and used to remove Acid Red 73 (AR73) dye from aqueous solutions. The efficiency of dye removal was influenced by various factors such as solution pH, contact time, initial AR73 dye concentration, and MBCOT dosage. All experiments were conducted at 25 ± 2 °C, and the optimal pH was determined to be 1.5. The optimal conditions for dye removal were found to be an AR73 dye concentration of 100 mg/L, an MBCOT dosage of 1.5 g/L, and a contact time of 150 min, resulting in a 98.08% removal rate. Various models such as pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), film diffusion (FD), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) were used to determine the adsorption kinetics of AR73 dye onto MBCOT. The results showed that the PSO model best explains the AR73 dye adsorption. Furthermore, Langmuir and Freundlich's isotherm models were studied to explain the adsorption mechanism using experimental data. The adsorption capacities at equilibrium (qe) in eliminating AR73 dye varied from 92.05 to 32.15, 128.9 to 65.39, 129.25 to 91.69, 123.73 to 111.77, and 130.54 to 125.01 mg/g. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was found to be 140.85 mg/g. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that biochar produced from mandarin peels has the potential to be an effective and promising adsorbent for removing AR73 dye from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eleryan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eda Keleş Güner
- Uzumlu Vocational School, Department of Property and Security, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hassaan MA, Elkatory MR, El-Nemr MA, Ragab S, El Nemr A. Optimization strategy of Co 3O 4 nanoparticles in biomethane production from seaweeds and its potential role in direct electron transfer and reactive oxygen species formation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5075. [PMID: 38429365 PMCID: PMC11319461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, three process parameters optimization were assessed as controlling factors for the biogas and biomethane generation from brown algae Cystoceira myrica as the substrate using RSM for the first time. The biomass amount, Co3O4NPs dosage, and digestion time were assessed and optimized by RSM using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to determine their optimum level. BET, FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, XPS, and TEM were applied to illustrate the Co3O4NPs. FTIR and XRD analysis established the formation of Co3O4NPs. The kinetic investigation confirmed that the modified model of Gompertz fit the research results satisfactorily, with R2 ranging between 0.989-0.998 and 0.879-0.979 for biogas and biomethane production, respectively. The results recommended that adding Co3O4NPs at doses of 5 mg/L to C. myrica (1.5 g) significantly increases biogas yield (462 mL/g VS) compared to all other treatments. The maximum biomethane generation (96.85 mL/g VS) was obtained with C. myrica at (0 mg/L) of Co3O4NPs. The impacts of Co3O4NPs dosages on biomethane production, direct electron transfer (DIET) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also investigated in detail. The techno-economic study results demonstrate the financial benefits of this strategy for the biogas with the greatest net energy content, which was 2.82 kWh with a net profit of 0.60 USD/m3 of the substrate and was produced using Co3O4NPs (5 mg/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
| | - Marwa R Elkatory
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, 21556, Egypt.
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3
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Hassaan MA, Yılmaz M, Helal M, El-Nemr MA, Ragab S, El Nemr A. Isotherm and kinetic investigations of sawdust-based biochar modified by ammonia to remove methylene blue from water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12724. [PMID: 37543711 PMCID: PMC10404293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39971-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical industry effluent may pose significant environmental risks to both human health and the economy if it is not properly managed. As a result, scientists and decision-makers are paying increasing attention to developing a sustainable, low-cost wastewater treatment technique. This work aims to investigate the adsorption of Methylene Blue (MB) dye present in water using biochar derived from sawdust modified by boiling in an ammonia solution (SDBA). The properties of SDBA were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, BJH, FT-IR, DTA, EDX and TGA analyses. The presence of -OH and -NH groups in SDBA was confirmed by FTIR, which proved that the NH4OH treatment of biochar successfully added nitrogen groups on its surface. The influence of pH (2 to 12), MB dye initial concentration (20 to 120 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.5 to 4.0 g/L) and contact time (0 to 180 min) on the adsorption process has been investigated. The adsorption of MB dye is more favorable at basic pH, with optimum adsorption at pH 8. Using a starting concentration of 20 mg/L of MB dye and a 4.0 g/L SDBA dose, the maximum percent clearance of MB dye was 99.94%. Experimental results were fitted to the Freundlich (FIM), Tempkin (TIM) and Langmuir (LIM) isotherm models (IMs). The FIM fitted the equilibrium data well, with a 643.74 mg/g Qm. Various error function models were used to test the data obtained from IMs. According to Error Function results, experimental data showed that it fits better for LIM and FIM. Kinetic studies indicated that the MB dye adsorption procedure followed pseudo-second-order (PSOM) kinetics based on film diffusion (FDM), pseudo-first-order (PFOM) and intra-particle diffusion models (IPDM). MB dye sorption on the SDBA involved electrostatic interaction, surface participation, hydrogen bond and π-π interactions. The adsorption mechanism of MB dye by SDBA was proposed as physical adsorption via the electrostatic attraction process. SDBA is an effective adsorbent in removing MB dye from water. Six adsorption-desorption cycles of the MB dye were run through the regeneration of SDBA with only a minimal amount of adsorption capacity loss, demonstrating the reusability of manufactured SDBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Murat Yılmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Hassaan MA, Yılmaz M, Helal M, El-Nemr MA, Ragab S, El Nemr A. Improved methylene blue adsorption from an aqueous medium by ozone-triethylenetetramine modification of sawdust-based biochar. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12431. [PMID: 37528164 PMCID: PMC10394039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, sawdust biochar-O3-TETA (SDBT), a novel biochar, was prepared via treatment with 80% sulfuric acid, followed by oxidation by ozone and subsequent treatment with boiling Triethylenetetramine (TETA). Characterization studies of the prepared SDBT adsorbent were performed with SEM-EDX, BET, XRD, BJH, FT-IR, DTA and TGA analyses. The adsorption efficiency of MB dye by SDBT biochar from water was investigated. Methylene Blue (MB) dye absorption was most effective when the solution pH was 12. The maximum removal % of MB dye was 99.75% using 20 mg/L as starting MB dye concentration and 2.0 g/L SDBT dose. The Qm of the SDBT was 568.16 mg/g. Actual results were fitted to Temkin (TIM), Freundlich (FIM), and Langmuir (LIM) isotherm models. The experimental results for SDBT fitted well with all three models. Error function equations were used to test the results obtained from these isotherm models, which showed that the experimental results fit better with TIM and FIM. Kinetic data were investigated, and the pseudo-second-order (PSOM) had R2 > 0.99 and was mainly responsible for guiding the absorption rate. The removal mechanism of the MB dye ions in a base medium (pH 12) may be achieved via physical interaction due to electrostatic interaction between the SDBT surface and the positive charge of the MB dye. The results show that SDBT effectively removes the MB dye from the aqueous environment and can be used continually without losing its absorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Murat Yılmaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Helal
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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De la Lama-Calvente D, Fernández-Rodríguez MJ, García-Gómez JC, Borja R. Impact of natural degradation of the invasive alga Rugulopteryx okamurae on anaerobic digestion: Heavy metal pollution and kinetic performance. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115005. [PMID: 37167665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study shows, for the first time, how the natural biodegradation of the Phaeophyceae Rugulopteryx okamurae (R.o.) affects its methane yield, by biochemical methane potential assays, and the methane production kinetics. Additionally, a mechanical (zeolite-assisted milling) and a thermal (120 °C, 45 min) pretreatments were assessed. The highest methane yield was obtained from the mechanically pretreated fresh ashore biomass (219 (15) NLCH4 kgVS-1), which presents the use of zeolite during milling as an economical alternative for heavy metal toxicity reduction. Moreover, no significant differences were observed between the other tests (with the exception of the lowest value obtained for the mechanically pretreated fresh R.o.). Low methane yields were linked to the heavy metal content. However, an increase of 28.5 % and 20.0 % in the k value was found for the untreated fresh R.o. biomass and fresh ashore biomass, respectively, when subjected to thermal pretreatment. Finally, an enhancement of 80.5 % in the maximum methane production rate was obtained for the fresh ashore biomass milled with zeolite compared to the untreated fresh ashore biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Lama-Calvente
- Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC) - Instituto de la Grasa (IG), Department of Food Biotechnology, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | | | | | - Rafael Borja
- Spanish Scientific Research Council (CSIC) - Instituto de la Grasa (IG), Department of Food Biotechnology, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46. Ctra. de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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Abusweireh RS, Rajamohan N, Sonne C, Vasseghian Y. Algae biogas production focusing on operating conditions and conversion mechanisms - A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17757. [PMID: 37449195 PMCID: PMC10336526 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is the result of traditional fuel use and manufacturing, which release significant volumes of CO2 and other greenhouse gases from factories. Moreover, rising energy consumption, anticipated limitations of fossil fuels in the near future, and increased interest in renewable energies among scientists, currently increase research in biofuels. In contrast to biomass from urban waste materials or the land, algae have the potential to be a commercially successful aquatic energy crop, offering a greater energy potential. Here we discuss the importance of Anaerobic Digestion (AD) for enhanced biogas yield, characterization, and comparisons between algae pretreatment methods namely, mechanical, thermal, microwave irradiation, and enzymatic and catalytic methods. The importance of anaerobic digestion enhances biogas yield, characterization, and comparisons between mechanical, thermal, microwave irradiation, and enzymatic and catalytic treatment. Additionally, operational aspects such as algal species, temperature, C/N ratio, retention period, and particle size impact biofuel yield. The highest algal biogas yield reported was 740 mL/gVS, subtracted from Taihu de-oiled algae applying thermos-chemical pretreatment under conditions of temperature, time, and catalyst concentration of 70 °C, 3 h, and 6%, respectively. Another high yield of algal-based biogas was obtained from Laminaria sp. with mechanical pretreatment under temperature, time, and VS concentration of 38 ± 1 °C, 15 min, and 2.5% respectively, with a maximum yield of 615 ± 7 mL/g VS. Although biofuels derived from algae species are only partially commercialized, the feedstock for biogas might soon be commercially grown. Algae and other plant species that could be cultivated on marginal lands as affordable energy crops with the potential to contribute to the production of biogas are promising and are already being worked on.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemistry, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, South Korea
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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7
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Synergistic Effect of Surfactant on Disperser Energy and Liquefaction Potential of Macroalgae (Ulva intestinalis) for Biofuel Production. FERMENTATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of surfactant on disperser homogenization pretreatment for macroalgae (Ulva intestinalis) to enhance biogas production. The macroalgae are subjected to surfactant coupled disperser pretreatment, which enhanced the liquefaction and improved the biomethane production. The outcome of this study revealed that 10,000 rpm at 20 min with a specific energy input of 1748.352 kJ/ kg total solids (TS) are the optimum conditions for surfactant disperser pretreatment (SDP), which resulted in the liquefaction rate of 20.08% with soluble organics release of 1215 mg/L and showed a better result than disperser pretreatment (DP) with a liquefaction rate of 14%. Biomethane production through the SDP method was found to be 0.2 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/g COD, which was higher than DP (0.11 g COD/g COD). SDP was identified to be a synergetic pretreatment method with an energy ratio and net profit of about 0.91 and 104.04 United States dollars (USD)/ton, respectively.
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Eze CN, Onyejiaka CK, Ihim SA, Ayoka TO, Aduba CC, Ndukwe JK, Nwaiwu O, Onyeaka H. Bioactive compounds by microalgae and potentials for the management of some human disease conditions. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:55-74. [PMID: 36891530 PMCID: PMC9988413 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biomasses are excellent sources of diverse bioactive compounds such as lipids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolics and phycobiliproteins. Large-scale production of these bioactive substances would require microalgae cultivation either in open-culture systems or closed-culture systems. Some of these bioactive compounds (such as polysaccharides, phycobiliproteins and lipids) are produced during their active growth phase. They appear to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective and chemo-preventive activities. These properties confer on microalgae the potential for use in the treatment and/or management of several neurologic and cell dysfunction-related disease conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), AIDS and COVID-19, as shown in this review. Although several health benefits have been highlighted, there appears to be a consensus in the literature that the field of microalgae is still fledgling, and more research needs to be carried out to ascertain the mechanisms of action that underpin the effectiveness of microalgal compounds. In this review, two biosynthetic pathways were modeled to help elucidate the mode of action of the bioactive compounds from microalgae and their products. These are carotenoid and phycobilin proteins biosynthetic pathways. The education of the public on the importance of microalgae backed with empirical scientific evidence will go a long way to ensure that the benefits from research investigations are quickly rolled out. The potential application of these microalgae to some human disease conditions was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Nwoye Eze
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria Nsukka
| | | | - Stella Amarachi Ihim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, University of Nigeria Nsukka
| | | | | | - Johnson K Ndukwe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka.,UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka
| | - Ogueri Nwaiwu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Pardilhó S, Pires JC, Boaventura R, Almeida M, Maia Dias J. Biogas production from residual marine macroalgae biomass: Kinetic modelling approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127473. [PMID: 35714781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modelling the conversion of residual biomass to renewable fuels is of high relevance to promote the development of effective technological solutions. The present study compares the performance of five different kinetic models (pseudo-first-order kinetics, logistics, modified Gompertz, double-Gompertz, and multi-Gompertz) to describe the cumulative methane production during a low-solids anaerobic digestion of marine macroalgae waste. Different substrate concentrations were evaluated (0.9, 1.7 and 2.5% TS) with the best methane yield (105.2 mL CH4.g VS-1) being obtained at the highest amount of biomass. All models fitted the experimental data with R2 > 0.988. The innovative multi-Gompertz model herein proposed led to the best performance indexes for all tested experimental conditions, allowing to predict methane yields more accurately when the digestion occurs in two or more steps, as it was the case with marine macroalgae waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pardilhó
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - José C Pires
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Boaventura
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Almeida
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Maia Dias
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Elkatory MR, Soliman EA, El Nemr A, Hassaan MA, Ragab S, El-Nemr MA, Pantaleo A. Mitigation and Remediation Technologies of Waxy Crude Oils’ Deposition within Transportation Pipelines: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163231. [PMID: 36015488 PMCID: PMC9413815 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of wax is considered one of the most significant culprits in transporting petroleum crude oils, particularly at low temperatures. When lowering pressure and temperature during the flow of crude oil, the micelle structure of the crude oil is destabilized, allowing oil viscosity to increase and precipitating paraffin (wax) in the well tubulars and pipeline, which increase the complexity of this culprit. These deposited substances can lead to the plugging of production and flow lines, causing a decline in oil production and, subsequently, bulk economic risks for the oil companies. Hence, various approaches have been commercially employed to prevent or remediate wax deposition. However, further research is still going on to develop more efficient techniques. These techniques can be categorized into chemical, physical, and biological ones and hybridized or combined techniques that apply one or more of these techniques. This review focused on all these technologies and the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa R. Elkatory
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Emad A. Soliman
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hassaan
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Nemr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Antonio Pantaleo
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bari University, 70121 Bari, Italy
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11
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Abstract
The excess biomass of drifting algae and their casting to the Baltic Sea coast imposes a significant environmental burden. The analysis of beach-cast algae showed that the dominant species are macroalgae Ulva sp., Furcellaria lumbricalis, Cladophora sp., and Polysiphonia fucoides. The biomass of Furcellaria and Polysiphonia algae, containing 25.6% and 19.98% sugars, respectively, has the greatest resource potential in terms of obtaining carbohydrates. Fucose, glucose, and galactose were found to be the most common carbohydrates. The lipid content did not exceed 4.3% (2.3–4.3%), while the fatty acid composition was represented by saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, methyloleic, behenic, etc.). The highest content of crude protein was found in samples of macroalgae of the genus Polysiphonia and amounted to 28.2%. A study of the elemental composition of drifting algae revealed that they have a high carbon content (31.3–37.5%) and a low hydrogen (4.96–5.82%), and sulfur (1.75–3.00%) content. Red algal biomass has the most resource potential in terms of biofuel generation, as it has a high number of lipids and proteins that can produce melanoidins during hydrothermal liquefaction, enhancing the fuel yield. The study noted the feasibility of using the biomass of the studied algae taxa to produce polysaccharides and biofuels. The analyses of antioxidant properties, fat content, and fat composition do not provide convincing evidence of the viability of using the aforementioned macroalgae for their production.
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El Nemr A, Hassaan MA, Elkatory MR, Ragab S, Pantaleo A. Efficiency of Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles with Different Pretreatments for Enhancing Biogas Yield of Macroalgae Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus. Molecules 2021; 26:5105. [PMID: 34443690 PMCID: PMC8399479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, different pretreatment methods for algae proved to be very effective in improving cell wall dissociation for biogas production. In this study, the Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus (U. intestinalis) has been exposed to individual pretreatments of (ultrasonic, ozone, microwave, and green synthesized Fe3O4) and in a combination of the first three mentioned pretreatments methods with magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs, (ultrasonic-Fe3O4, ozone-Fe3O4 and microwave-Fe3O4) in different treatment times. Moreover, the green synthesized Fe3O4 NPs has been confirmed by FTIR, TEM, XRD, SEM, EDEX, PSA and BET. The maximum biogas production of 179 and 206 mL/g VS have been attained when U. intestinalis has been treated with ultrasonic only and when combined microwave with Fe3O4 respectively, where sediment were used as inoculum in all pretreatments. From the obtained results, green Fe3O4 NPs enhanced the microwave (MW) treatment to produce a higher biogas yield (206 mL/g VS) when compared with individual MW (84 mL/g VS). The modified Gompertz model (R2 = 0.996 was appropriate model to match the calculated biogas production and could be used more practically to distinguish the kinetics of the anaerobic digestion (AD) period. The assessment of XRD, SEM and FTIR discovered the influence of different treatment techniques on the cell wall structure of U. intestinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Nemr
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt; (A.E.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Mohamed A. Hassaan
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt; (A.E.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Marwa R. Elkatory
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria 21556, Egypt; (A.E.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Antonio Pantaleo
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bari University, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Synergistic Effects of Modified Biochar in Combination with α-Fe2O3 NPs on Biogas Production from Red Algae Pterocladia capillacea. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first work that evaluated the effectiveness of unmodified (SD) and modified biochar with ammonium hydroxide (SD-NH2) derived from sawdust waste biomass as an additive for biogas production from red algae Pterocladia capillacea either individually or in combination with hematite α-Fe2O3 NPs. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, Fourier transform infrared, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman, and a particle size analyzer were used to characterize the generated biochars and the synthesized α-Fe2O3. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements confirmed the formation of amino groups on the modified biochar surface. The kinetic research demonstrated that both the modified Gompertz and logistic function models fit the experimental data satisfactorily except for 150 SD-NH2 alone or in combination with α-Fe2O3 at a concentration of 10 mg/L. The data suggested that adding unmodified biochar at doses of 50 and 100 mg significantly increased biogas yield compared to untreated algae. The maximum biogas generation (219 mL/g VS) was obtained when 100 mg of unmodified biochar was mixed with 10 mg of α-Fe2O3 in the inoculum.
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