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Sun L, He L, Yu G, Zheng X, Wang H, Yu D, Lin J. Recent developments in wearable piezoelectric energy harvesters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:041501. [PMID: 38607263 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Wearable piezoelectric energy harvesters (WPEHs) have gained popularity and made significant development in recent decades. The harvester is logically built by the movement patterns of various portions of the human body to harvest the movement energy and immediately convert it into usable electrical energy. To directly power different microelectronic devices on the human body, a self-powered device that does not require an additional power supply is being created. This Review provides an in-depth review of WPEHs, explaining the fundamental concepts of piezoelectric technology and the materials employed in numerous widely used piezoelectric components. The harvesters are classed according to the movement characteristics of several portions of a person's body, such as pulses, joints, skin, and shoes (feet). Each technique is introduced, followed by extensive analysis. Some harvesters are compared, and the benefits and drawbacks of each technique are discussed. Finally, this Review presents future goals and objectives for WPEH improvement, and it will aid researchers in understanding WPEH to the point of more efficient wireless energy delivery to wearable electronic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-Precision Manufacturing (Jilin Province), School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Lipeng He
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-Precision Manufacturing (Jilin Province), School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-Precision Manufacturing (Jilin Province), School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiaotian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-Precision Manufacturing (Jilin Province), School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-Precision Manufacturing (Jilin Province), School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Dahai Yu
- School of Electronic and Information, Changchun Guanghua University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Jieqiong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-Precision Manufacturing (Jilin Province), School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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Cocconcelli F, Matrella G, Mora N, Casu I, Vargas Godoy DA, Ciampolini P. IoT Smart Flooring Supporting Active and Healthy Lifestyles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3162. [PMID: 36991873 PMCID: PMC10054097 DOI: 10.3390/s23063162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The lack of physical exercise is among the most relevant factors in developing health issues, and strategies to incentivize active lifestyles are key to preventing these issues. The PLEINAIR project developed a framework for creating outdoor park equipment, exploiting the IoT paradigm to build "Outdoor Smart Objects" (OSO) for making physical activity more appealing and rewarding to a broad range of users, regardless of their age and fitness. This paper presents the design and implementation of a prominent demonstrator of the OSO concept, consisting of a smart, sensitive flooring, based on anti-trauma floors commonly found in kids playgrounds. The floor is equipped with pressure sensors (piezoresistors) and visual feedback (LED-strips), to offer an enhanced, interactive and personalized user experience. OSOs exploit distributed intelligence and are connected to the Cloud infrastructure by using a MQTT protocol; apps have then been developed for interacting with the PLEINAIR system. Although simple in its general concept, several challenges must be faced, related to the application range (which called for high pressure sensitivity) and the scalability of the approach (requiring to implement a hierarchical system architecture). Some prototypes were fabricated and tested in a public environment, providing positive feedback to both the technical design and the concept validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guido Matrella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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