1
|
Philp J. Bioeconomy and net-zero carbon: lessons from Trends in Biotechnology, volume 1, issue 1. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:307-322. [PMID: 36272819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many biotechnology applications tend to be for low production volumes and relatively high-value products such as insulin and vaccines. More difficult to perfect at scale are bioprocesses for high-volume products with lower value, especially if the target product is a reduced chemical such as a solvent or a plastic. Historically, industrial microbiology succeeded under special circumstances when fossil feedstocks were either unavailable or expensive. Inevitably, as these circumstances relaxed, bioprocesses struggled to compete with petrochemistry. Why try to compete? Fossil resources will be phased out in the coming decades in the struggle with climate change. To reach net-zero carbon by 2050 will require all sectors to transition, not only energy and transportation. This may herald a new opportunity for industrial bioprocesses with much better tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Philp
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Selim MM, Althobaiti S. A Mathematical Optimization Framework for Managing the Renewable Energy to Attain Maximum Power. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-07396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Stability Analysis of a Typical Salt Cavern Gas Storage in the Jintan Area of China. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using underground space to store natural gas resources is an important means by which to solve emergency peak shaving of natural gas. Rock salt gas storage is widely recognized due to its high-efficiency peak shaving and environmental protection. Damage and stress concentrations inside the cavern injection during withdrawal operations and throughout the storage facility life have always been among the most important safety issues. Therefore, accurate evaluation of the stability of rock salt gas storage during operation is of paramount significance to field management and safety control. In this study, we used the finite element numerical analysis software Flac3D to numerically simulate large displacement deformations of the cavern wall during gas storage—in addition to the distribution of the plastic zone of the rock around the cavern and the surface settlement—under different working conditions. We found that the maximum surface settlement value occurred near the upper part of the cavern. The surface settlement value increased as a function of creep time, but this increase leveled off, that is, a convergence trend was observed. The value was relatively small and, therefore, had little impact on the surface. The application of gas pressure inhibited the growth of the plastic zone, but on the whole, the plastic zone’s range increased proportionally to creep time. For the 20-year creep condition, the deformation value of the cavern’s surrounding rock was large. Combined with the distribution of the plastic zone, we believe that the cavern’s surrounding rock is unstable; thus, corresponding reinforcement measures must be taken.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ali MF, Lee HI, Bernäcker CI, Weißgärber T, Lee S, Kim SK, Cho WC. Zirconia Toughened Alumina-Based Separator Membrane for Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolyzer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1173. [PMID: 35335503 PMCID: PMC8951763 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen is nowadays considered a favorable and attractive energy carrier fuel to replace other fuels that cause global warming problems. Water electrolysis has attracted the attention of researchers to produce green hydrogen mainly for the accumulation of renewable energy. Hydrogen can be safely used as a bridge to successfully connect the energy demand and supply divisions. An alkaline water electrolysis system owing to its low cost can efficiently use renewable energy sources on large scale. Normally organic/inorganic composite porous separator membranes have been employed as a membrane for alkaline water electrolyzers. However, the separator membranes exhibit high ionic resistance and low gas resistance values, resulting in lower efficiency and raised safety issues as well. Here, in this study, we report that zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA)-based separator membrane exhibits less ohmic resistance 0.15 Ω·cm2 and low hydrogen gas permeability 10.7 × 10-12 mol cm-1 s-1 bar-1 in 30 wt.% KOH solution, which outperforms the commercial, state-of-the-art Zirfon® PERL separator. The cell containing ZTA and advanced catalysts exhibit an excellent performance of 2.1 V at 2000 mA/cm2 at 30 wt.% KOH and 80 °C, which is comparable with PEM electrolysis. These improved results show that AWEs equipped with ZTA separators could be superior in performance to PEM electrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farjad Ali
- Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (H.I.L.); (S.L.); (S.-K.K.)
| | - Hae In Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (H.I.L.); (S.L.); (S.-K.K.)
| | - Christian Immanuel Bernäcker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (C.I.B.); (T.W.)
| | - Thomas Weißgärber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Branch Lab Dresden, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (C.I.B.); (T.W.)
| | - Sechan Lee
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (H.I.L.); (S.L.); (S.-K.K.)
| | - Sang-Kyung Kim
- Hydrogen Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Korea; (H.I.L.); (S.L.); (S.-K.K.)
| | - Won-Chul Cho
- Department of Future Energy Convergence, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| |
Collapse
|