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Chia XK, Hadibarata T, Kristanti RA, Jusoh MNH, Tan IS, Foo HCY. The function of microbial enzymes in breaking down soil contaminated with pesticides: a review. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:597-620. [PMID: 38456898 PMCID: PMC11093808 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-02978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of pesticides and the subsequent accumulation of residues in the soil has become a worldwide problem. Organochlorine (OC) pesticides have spread widely in the environment and caused contamination from past agricultural activities. This article reviews the bioremediation of pesticide compounds in soil using microbial enzymes, including the enzymatic degradation pathway and the recent development of enzyme-mediated bioremediation. Enzyme-mediated bioremediation is divided into phase I and phase II, where the former increases the solubility of pesticide compounds through oxidation-reduction and hydrolysis reactions, while the latter transforms toxic pollutants into less toxic or nontoxic products through conjugation reactions. The identified enzymes that can degrade OC insecticides include dehalogenases, phenol hydroxylase, and laccases. Recent developments to improve enzyme-mediated bioremediation include immobilization, encapsulation, and protein engineering, which ensure its stability, recyclability, handling and storage, and better control of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Kai Chia
- Environmental Engineering Program, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Environmental Engineering Program, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Malaysia.
| | - Risky Ayu Kristanti
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih I, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | | | - Inn Shi Tan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Henry Chee Yew Foo
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Malaysia
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Liu Q, Wang Y, Sun S, Tang F, Chen H, Chen S, Zhao C, Li L. A novel chitosan-biochar immobilized microorganism strategy to enhance bioremediation of crude oil in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137367. [PMID: 36427578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The chitosan-biochar composite is a clean and environmentally friendly immobilized microorganisms carrier. In this study, the chitosan-biochar composite as a carrier to immobilize a compound microbial agent contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus licheniformis, and investigated its role in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil. When using 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 3% (m/v) chitosan solution, 0.1% biochar, 4% (v/v) NaOH solution, freeze-drying 6 h, the optimal chitosan-biochar composite material could be obtained. The specific surfacearea of the material increased to 1.725 m2/g and the average pore size also increased from 130.2260 nm to 165.2980 nm after the addition of biochar through the analysis of specific surface area and pore size, which enlarged the contact area of microorganisms and crude oil with the material. SEM showed that the bacterial successfully adhered to the surface and internal of the material. Using FTIR, the results showed that the synthesis of composite carrier material was the covalent combination of -NH2 on chitosan and -COOH on biochar, forming a new chemical bond -NH-CO-. After 60 days of remediation of oil-contaminated soil, the removal rate of crude oil by chitosan-biochar composite immobilized microorganism method was 45.82%, which was 21.26% higher than that of natural remediation. Simultaneously, several oil-degrading bacteria increased at genus level, including Nocardioides (26.79%-33.09%), Bacillus (3.01%-4.10%), Dietzia (1.84%-5.56%), Pseudomonas (0-0.78%), among which Pseudomonas belongs to exogenous bacteria. The results indicated that the chitosan-biochar composite material has high application value in removing crude oil, and further provides a new strategy for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyou Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Yaru Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Fang Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shuiquan Chen
- College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, PR China
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