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Čermák M, Malaťáková J, Malaťák J, Aniszewska M, Gendek A. Regional wood chip quality parameters decomposition and price linkage with impact on Polish energy sustainability: Time frequency analysis between 2013 and 2019. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33322. [PMID: 39091953 PMCID: PMC11292524 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to analyze and decompose the qualitative parameters of wood chips in Poland. The European Green Deal brings the new framework to support sustainability and elimination of emissions. The Wavelet coherence and Wavelet Discrete Decomposition are used for determination of relations among significant qualitative parameters. Thus, the possible uses are discussed. For the obvious relationship between moisture and calorific value there is evidence of strong correlation. The behaviour of these interrelations are different at frequencies in the long and short time. The wood chip price is inter-transmitter from moisture parameter to calorific value in a positive (in-phase) relationship. At both low and high frequencies there is evidence that the variables of moisture and calorific value are highly correlated. The transient effect of linkage is presented at values between 0.1 and 0.3 in coherence map. The empirical findings provide implication for local producers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Čermák
- Department of Eonomics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Malaťáková
- Department of Eonomics, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malaťák
- Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Aniszewska
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw Uniwersity of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gendek
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Warsaw Uniwersity of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 164, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland
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Drobniak A, Jelonek Z, Mastalerz M, Jelonek I, Widziewicz-Rzońca K. Quality assessment of biomass pellets available on the market; example from Poland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:33942-33959. [PMID: 38691286 PMCID: PMC11136730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the quality of 30 biomass pellets sold for residential use in Poland. It provides data on their physical, chemical, and petrographic properties and compares them to existing standards and the information provided by the fuel producers. The results reveal considerable variations in the quality of the pellets and show that some of the purchased samples are not within the DINplus and/or ENplus certification thresholds. Among all 30 purchased samples, only one passes the quality thresholds set by the PL-US BIO, a newly established quality certification in Poland that combines quality assessment following DINplus with optical microscopy analysis. The primary issues causing a decrease in pellet quality include elevated ash and fines content, compromised mechanical durability, too low ash melting temperature, and additions of undesired additions like bark, inorganic matter, and petroleum products. Our research highlights the need for improved fuel quality control measures, and transparent and accurate product labeling, as well as the need for a comprehensive and publicly available national database of solid biomass fuel producers and fuels sold. These are essential steps toward increasing customers' awareness and trust, encouraging them to embrace biomass fuels as reliable and sustainable sources of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Drobniak
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60 St., 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
- Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10Th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Centre for Biomass Energy Research and Education, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60 St, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Jelonek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60 St., 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
- Centre for Biomass Energy Research and Education, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60 St, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Maria Mastalerz
- Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10Th St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Centre for Biomass Energy Research and Education, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60 St, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Iwona Jelonek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60 St., 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
- Centre for Biomass Energy Research and Education, University of Silesia in Katowice, Będzińska 60 St, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Kamila Widziewicz-Rzońca
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34 St., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
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Mirski R, Derkowski A, Kawalerczyk J, Dziurka D, Walkiewicz J. The Possibility of Using Pine Bark Particles in the Chipboard Manufacturing Process. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15165731. [PMID: 36013866 PMCID: PMC9416159 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluated the possibility of using sawmill by-products from the roundwood-processing line in the production of wood-based panels. Due to its number of favorable properties, interesting chemical composition and large reserves resulting from the lack of industrial applications, the research focused particularly on the use of bark. Manufactured variants of boards differed in the proportions of wood chips to bark (70:30, 60:40, 50:50). Moreover, the boards containing only wood chips and a mixture of chips and sawdust were used as references. Urea-formaldehyde adhesive mixed with ammonium nitrate as a hardener was applied as a binding agent for the boards. Based on the mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bonding), physical properties (density, thickness swelling, water absorption) and content and emission of formaldehyde, it was found that it is possible to produce boards characterized by good properties from sawmill by-products without advanced processing. Moreover, the use of bark instead of sawdust in order to increase the homogeneity of the cross-section allows one to obtain panels with significantly lower formaldehyde emission and water uptake.
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