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Keshri S, Sudha S, Saxena AKS. State-of-the-art review on hydrogen's production, storage, and potential as a future transportation fuel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34098-9. [PMID: 38951393 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Global energy consumption is expected to reach 911 BTU by the end of 2050 as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonization and defossilization across various sectors. Projections indicate a significant rise in global demand for hydrogen, underscoring the need for sustainable production, efficient storage, and utilization. In this state-of-the-art review, we explore hydrogen production methods, compare their environmental impacts through life cycle analysis, delve into geological storage options, and discuss hydrogen's potential as a future transportation fuel. Combining electrolysis to make hydrogen and storing it in porous underground materials like salt caverns and geological reservoirs looks like a good way to balance out the variable supply of renewable energy and meet the demand at peak times. Hydrogen is a key component of our sustainable economy, and this article gives a broad overview of the process from production to consumption, touching on technical, economic, and environmental concerns along the way. We have made an attempt in this paper to compile different methods for the production of hydrogen and its storage, the challenges faced by current methods in the manufacturing of hydrogen gas, and the role of hydrogen in the future. This review paper will serve as a very good reference for hydrogen system engineering applications. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research to help improve the technological efficiency of certain production methods, all with the goal of scaling up the hydrogen economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonanki Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, Jyoti Nivas College Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560095, India.
| | - Suriyanarayanan Sudha
- Department of Chemistry, Jyoti Nivas College Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560095, India
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Zhao X, Zhao S, Xu Y, Xu H, Zhang Z, Tian H, He Q, Ma S, Gao B, Ma C. Preparation of tobacco pyrolysis liquids in subcritical/supercritical ethanol and their application in the aroma enhancement of heated cigarettes. Front Chem 2024; 11:1347215. [PMID: 38274898 PMCID: PMC10808149 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1347215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
For the aroma enhancement research of heated cigarettes, it is worth exploring whether tobacco can be pyrolyzed into pyrolysis liquids containing a large number of volatile aroma components. In this study, tobacco pyrolysis liquids were prepared in subcritical/supercritical ethanol, and their applications in the aroma enhancement of heated cigarettes were investigated. The optimal conditions of supercritical liquefaction reactions were determined by optimizing the reaction time, liquid/solid mass ratio and temperature conditions. Moreover, the effect of supercritical liquefaction conditions on volatile aroma components in tobacco pyrolysis liquids was investigated by GC-MS. The results indicated that the reaction temperature had the most significant impact on the tobacco pyrolysis reaction, and higher reaction temperature promoted the pyrolysis conversion of tobacco, resulting in enhanced tobacco conversion and a high content of volatile components in the tobacco pyrolysis liquid. The optimal reaction conditions for the preparation of tobacco pyrolysis liquid were found to be a temperature of 220°C, a liquid/solid mass ratio = 15, and a 2-h reaction time. Meanwhile, the content of ester compounds and nicotine in the tobacco pyrolysis liquid increased significantly with the increase of reaction temperature. Sub/supercritical ethanol treatment significantly destroyed the surface structure of tobacco, and the degree of tobacco depolymerization increased when temperature rised. The analysis of aroma compounds in the smoke of heated cigarettes indicated that the tobacco pyrolysis liquid could significantly increase the release of aromatic substances and has a significant aroma-enhancing effect. This article proposed and prepared tobacco pyrolysis liquid in subcritical/supercritical ethanol and explored its potential application in the aroma enhancement of heated cigarettes, offering a new route for flavor enhancement technology for this type of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Zhao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengchen Zhao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongming Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiying Tian
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Ma
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
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Sarmah MK, Singh TP, Kalita P, Dewan A. Sustainable hydrogen generation and storage - a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:25253-25275. [PMID: 37622026 PMCID: PMC10445477 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04148d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In 21st century, the energy demand has grown incredibly due to globalization, human population explosion and growing megacities. This energy demand is being mostly fulfilled by fossil-based sources, which are non-renewable and a major cause of global warming. Energy from these fossil-based sources is cheaper, however challenges exist in terms of climate change. This makes renewable energy sources more promising and viable for the future. Hydrogen is a promising renewable energy carrier for fulfilling the increasing energy demand due to its high energy density, non-toxic and environment friendly characteristics. It is a non-toxic energy carrier as combustion of hydrogen produces water as the byproduct whereas other conventional fuels produce harmful gases and carcinogens. Because of its lighter weight, hydrogen leaks are also easily dispersed in the atmosphere. Hydrogen is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, yet it is not readily available in nature like other fossil fuels. Hence, it is a secondary energy source and hydrogen needs to be produced from water or biomass-based feedstock for it to be considered renewable and sustainable. This paper reviews the renewable hydrogen generation pathways such as water splitting, thermochemical conversion of biomass and biological conversion technologies. Purification and storage technologies of hydrogen is also discussed. The paper also discusses the hydrogen economy and future prospects from an Indian context. Hydrogen purification is necessary because of high purity requirements in particular applications like space, fuel cells etc. Various applications of hydrogen are also addressed and a cost comparison of various hydrogen generation technologies is also analyzed. In conclusion, this study can assist researchers in getting a better grasp of various renewable hydrogen generation pathways, it's purification and storage technologies along with applications of hydrogen in understanding the hydrogen economy and its future prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoy Kumar Sarmah
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati India
| | - Tej Pratap Singh
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati India
| | - Anupam Dewan
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi India
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Process Effluent Recycling in the Supercritical Water Gasification of Dry Biomass. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of process water recycling during the Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) of dry biomasses was investigated. Dry biomass has to be diluted with water to a dry matter content of approximately 10 wt.% to gasify it in the process of supercritical water gasification. The treatment of wastewater in the SCWG process is cost intensive due to organic contaminants; therefore, the recycling of the process effluent is attractive. Salt separation is needed to avoid accumulation of salts in the effluents, since salts enhance corrosion rates and might cause blocking of the flow when the effluent is recycled. The grass Reed Canary Grass and grapevines were gasified. The recycling of the process effluent did not influence the composition of the product gas. In both cases the carbon efficiency decreased by 4% when wastewater was used to dilute the biomass. An increase in organic carbon and potassium in the reactor effluent was observed after gasification of the biomass with recycled process effluent. The addition of potassium hydroxide to the feed as a homogenous catalyst needs to be closely monitored and adjusted according to the potassium content of the reactor effluent. Insufficient salt separation proved to be an issue regarding formation of solid deposits in the reaction system.
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Fedyaeva ON, Vostrikov AA. Processing Watered Toxic Waste of Pig and Poultry Farming in Sub- and Supercritical Water (Review). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Hydrodynamics of supercritical ethanol fluid-particles fluidization using low density ratio kinetic theory of granular flow. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Liu Z, Bi Y, Liu P. An evidence theory-based large group FMEA framework incorporating bounded confidence and its application in supercritical water gasification system. Appl Soft Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Design and Development of a Catalytic Fixed-Bed Reactor for Gasification of Banana Biomass in Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen produced from biomass is an alternative energy source to fossil fuels. In this study, hydrogen production by gasification of the banana plant is proposed. A fixed-bed catalytic reactor was designed considering fluidization conditions and a height/diameter ratio of 3/1. Experimentation was carried out under the following conditions: 368 °C, atmospheric pressure, 11.75 g of residual mass of the banana (pseudo-stem), an average particle diameter of 1.84 mm, and superheated water vapor as a gasifying agent. Gasification reactions were performed using a catalyzed and uncatalyzed medium to compare the effectiveness of each case. The catalyst was Ni/Al2O3, synthesized by coprecipitation. The gas mixture produced from the reaction was continuously condensed to form a two-phase liquid–gas system. The synthesis gas was passed through a silica gel filter and analyzed online by gas chromatography. To conclude, the results of this study show production of 178 mg of synthesis gas for every 1 g of biomass and the selectivity of hydrogen to be 51.8 mol% when a Ni 2.5% w/w catalyst was used. The amount of CO2 was halved, and CO was reduced from 3.87% to 0% in molar percentage. Lastly, a simulation of the distribution of temperatures inside the furnace was developed; the modeled behavior is in agreement with experimental observations.
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Kumar A, Reddy SN. Hydrothermal treatment of metal impregnated biomass for the generation of H 2 and nanometal carbon hybrids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112536. [PMID: 34896086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nanocatalyst impregnation onto the biomass matrix has gained importance in enhancing the H2 yield and overcoming the catalyst deactivation problems. In-situ catalytic gasification of Ru/Fe-impregnated sugarcane bagasse and citrus limetta (mosambi peels) were examined and compared with their raw biomass at subcritical and supercritical water conditions. Bagasse having a higher amount of lignocellulosic content produces a maximum yield of H2 over moambi peels. Besides, Ru and Fe nano-metal carbon hybrids with crystalline sizes between 10 and 25 nm were formed during in-situ hydrothermal gasification. The performance of hydrothermal gasification based on hydrogen yield was studied, and it relatively follows the order as temperature, nanoparticle composed, metal loading onto biomass matrix, type of catalyst, and biomass used. At the maximum operating temperature of 600 °C, B: W ratio 1:10 for the resident time of 60 min, highest H2 yield of 12.75 ± 0.17 and 11.20 ± 0.13 mmol/g attained for Ru and Fe impregnated bagasse with the CGE of 72.28 ± 2.17% and 67.08 ± 1.97% respectively. At similar operating conditions, H2 yields of 8.75 ± 0.18 and 8.13 ± 0.16 mmol/g were achieved with the CGE of 62.4 ± 1.91% and 53.7 ± 1.66% for Ru and Fe impregnated mosambi peels, respectively. Based on the H2 and CH4 production, Ru shows the highest performance than Fe catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sivamohan N Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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10
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Gökkaya DS, Akgül G, Sağlam M, Yüksel M, Ballice L. Supercritical conversion of wastes from wine industry: Effects of concentration, temperature and group 1A carbonates. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Phenol acts as a pollutant even at very low concentrations in water. It is classified as one of the main priority pollutants that need to be treated before being discharged into the environment. If phenolic-based compounds are discharged into the environment without any treatments, they pose serious health risks to humans, animals, and aquatic systems. This review emphasizes the development of advanced technologies for phenol removal. Several technologies have been developed to remove phenol to prevent environmental pollution, such as biological treatment, conventional technologies, and advanced technologies. Among these technologies, heterogeneous catalytic ozonation has received great attention as an effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable process for the degradation of phenolic-based compounds, which can overcome some of the disadvantages of other technologies. Recently, zeolites have been widely used as one of the most promising catalysts in the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation process to degrade phenol and its derivatives because they provide a large specific surface area, high active site density, and excellent shape-selective properties as a catalyst. Rational design of zeolite-based catalysts with various synthesis methods and pre-defined physiochemical properties including framework, ratio of silica to alumina (SiO2/Al2O3), specific surface area, size, and porosity, must be considered to understand the reaction mechanism of phenol removal. Ultimately, recommendations for future research related to the application of catalytic ozonation technology using a zeolite-based catalyst for phenol removal are also described.
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Implications on Feedstock Processing and Safety Issues for Semi-Batch Operations in Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomass with a large amount of moisture is well-suited to be processed by supercritical water gasification, SCWG. The precipitation of inorganics, together with char formation and re-polymerization, can cause reactor plugging and stop the process operations. When plugging occurs, sudden injections of relatively large mass quantities take place, influencing the mass flow dynamics significantly in the process. Reactor plugging is a phenomenon very well observed during SCWG of industrial feedstock, which hinders scale-up initiatives, and it is seldom studied with precision in the literature. The present study provides an accurate evaluation of continuous tubular reactor dynamics in the event of sudden injections of water. An interpretation of the results regarding water properties at supercritical conditions contributes to comprehending mass and heat transfer when plugging occurs. Experiments are then compared to SCWG of a biomass sample aiming to give key insights into heat transfer and fluid dynamics mechanisms that could help develop operational and control strategies to increase the reliability of SCWG. In addition, a simplified model is presented to assess the effect of material integrity on burst-event likelihood, which states that SCWG is safe to operate, at 250 bar and 610 °C, in tubular reactors made of 0.22 wall thickness-to-diameter ratio Inconel-625 with superficial microfractures smaller than 30 µm. We also suggest improvement opportunities for the safety of SCWG in continuous operation mode.
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Cao C, Xie Y, Chen Y, Lu J, Shi J, Jin H, Wang S, Zhang L. Hydrogen Production from Supercritical Water Gasification of Lignin and Cellulose with Coprecipitated CuO–ZnO and Fe 2O 3–Cr 2O 3. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yupeng Xie
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yi Chen
- China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518031, China
| | - Jie Lu
- China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518031, China
| | - Jinwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Henan Province Boiler Pressure Vessel Safety Inspection Institute, Zhengzhou 450016, China
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Drużbicki K, Gaboardi M, Fernandez-Alonso F. Dynamics & Spectroscopy with Neutrons-Recent Developments & Emerging Opportunities. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1440. [PMID: 33947108 PMCID: PMC8125526 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work provides an up-to-date overview of recent developments in neutron spectroscopic techniques and associated computational tools to interrogate the structural properties and dynamical behavior of complex and disordered materials, with a focus on those of a soft and polymeric nature. These have and continue to pave the way for new scientific opportunities simply thought unthinkable not so long ago, and have particularly benefited from advances in high-resolution, broadband techniques spanning energy transfers from the meV to the eV. Topical areas include the identification and robust assignment of low-energy modes underpinning functionality in soft solids and supramolecular frameworks, or the quantification in the laboratory of hitherto unexplored nuclear quantum effects dictating thermodynamic properties. In addition to novel classes of materials, we also discuss recent discoveries around water and its phase diagram, which continue to surprise us. All throughout, emphasis is placed on linking these ongoing and exciting experimental and computational developments to specific scientific questions in the context of the discovery of new materials for sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Drużbicki
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Felix Fernandez-Alonso
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain;
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Kumar M, Oyedun AO, Kumar A. A parametric study through the modelling of hydrothermal gasification for hydrogen production from algal biomass. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Adetoyese O. Oyedun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 10‐263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Alekseev ES, Alentiev AY, Belova AS, Bogdan VI, Bogdan TV, Bystrova AV, Gafarova ER, Golubeva EN, Grebenik EA, Gromov OI, Davankov VA, Zlotin SG, Kiselev MG, Koklin AE, Kononevich YN, Lazhko AE, Lunin VV, Lyubimov SE, Martyanov ON, Mishanin II, Muzafarov AM, Nesterov NS, Nikolaev AY, Oparin RD, Parenago OO, Parenago OP, Pokusaeva YA, Ronova IA, Solovieva AB, Temnikov MN, Timashev PS, Turova OV, Filatova EV, Philippov AA, Chibiryaev AM, Shalygin AS. Supercritical fluids in chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Hydrothermal gasification of the isolated hemicellulose and sawdust of the white poplar (Populus alba L.). J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Analysis of the Supercritical Water Gasification of Cellulose in a Continuous System Using Short Residence Times. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) has the capacity to generate fuel gas effluent from wet biomass without previously having to dry the biomass. However, substantial efforts are still required to make it a feasible and competitive technology for hydrogen production. Biomass contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, so it is essential to understand their behavior in high-pressure systems in order to optimize hydrogen production. As the main component of biomass, cellulose has been extensively studied, and its decomposition has been carried out at both subcritical and supercritical conditions. Most previous works of this model compound were carried out in batch reactors, where reaction times normally take place in a few minutes. However, the present study demonstrates that gasification reactions can achieve efficiency levels of up to 100% in less than ten seconds. The effect of temperature (450–560 °C), the amount of oxidant (from no addition of oxidant to an excess over stoichiometric of 10%, n = 1.1), the initial concentration of organic matter (0.25–2 wt.%) and the addition of a catalyst on the SCWG of cellulose in a continuous tubular reactor at short residence times (from 6 to 10 s) have been studied in this work. Hydrogen yields close to 100% in the gas phase were obtained when operating under optimal conditions. Moreover, a validation of the experimental data has been conducted based on the theoretical data obtained from its kinetics.
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Techno-Economic Assessment of Three Modes of Large-Scale Crop Residue Utilization Projects in China. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In China, the non-exploitation of bioenergy poses major problems and challenges. To solve bioenergy problems, considerable efforts have been made to expedite the construction of large-scale crop residue utilization projects. In this study, three principal supported modes of large-scale crop residue utilization projects were taken as empirical cases in Hubei province bioenergy planning. In terms of the overall benefit and sustainable development, a third-grade evaluation index system was established. The analysis was carried out using the analytical hierarchy process, principal component projection, and grey relational analysis. The conclusion indicates that according to the evaluation values, the sequence from best to worst was crop residue biogas project, crop residue briquette fuel project, and crop residue gasification project. Nevertheless, there was no remarkable difference in the overall evaluation values. The biogas project had certain advantages in terms of the production cost, soil improvement, and expenditure saving, whereas the gasification project was comparatively insufficient in environmental efficiency, product benefit, by-product disposal, and technical rationality. According to actual evaluation results, the unilateral determination approach of the single weight index can be seen as being overcome through the unified adaptation of the evaluation methods. The research results can serve as a reference for making investment decisions to build large-scale crop residue utilization projects.
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Bora RR, Richardson RE, You F. Resource recovery and waste-to-energy from wastewater sludge via thermochemical conversion technologies in support of circular economy: a comprehensive review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42480-020-00031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWith the rapid rise in global population over the past decades, there has been a corresponding surge in demand for resources such as food and energy. As a consequence, the rate of waste generation and resultant pollution levels have risen drastically. Currently, most organic solid wastes are either land applied or sent to landfills, with the remaining fraction incinerated or anaerobically digested. However, with the current emphasis on the reduction of emissions, nutrient recovery, clean energy production and circular economy, it is important to revisit some of the conventional methods of treating these wastes and tap into their largely unrealized potential in terms of environmental and economic benefits. Wastewater sludge, with its high organic content and fairly constant supply, provides a great opportunity to implement some of these strategies using thermochemical conversion technologies, which are considered as one of the alternatives for upcycling such waste streams. This paper summarizes the results of prominent studies for valorizing wastewater sludge through thermochemical conversion technologies while drawing inferences and identifying relationships between different technical and operating parameters involved. This is followed by sections emphasizing the environmental and economic implications of these technologies, and their corresponding products in context of the broader fields of waste-to-energy, nutrient recycling and the progress towards a circular economy.
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21
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Yoon TJ, Patel LA, Vigil MJ, Maerzke KA, Findikoglu AT, Currier RP. Electrical conductivity, ion pairing, and ion self-diffusion in aqueous NaCl solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5128671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jun Yoon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Lara A. Patel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Matthew J. Vigil
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Katie A. Maerzke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Štefanko D, Rusková R, Jelemenský Ľ. Kinetic models of simple alcohols SCWG. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Hao G, Cao W, Li T, Chen J, Zhang J, Weng W, Osako K, Ren H. Effect of temperature on chemical properties and antioxidant activities of abalone viscera subcritical water extract. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Kumar A, Reddy SN. In Situ Sub- and Supercritical Water Gasification of Nano-Nickel (Ni2+) Impregnated Biomass for H2 Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
| | - Sivamohan N. Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667 India
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25
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Centi G, Iaquaniello G, Perathoner S. Chemical engineering role in the use of renewable energy and alternative carbon sources in chemical production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s42480-019-0006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Biofuel Production and Phosphorus Recovery through an Integrated Treatment of Agro-Industrial Waste. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop an integrated treatment of agro-industrial waste for biofuel (biogas and syngas) production and for phosphorus recovery. In the first step, an anaerobic digestion (AD) process was carried out on two different mixtures of raw agro-industrial residues. Specifically, a mixture of asparagus and tomato wastes (mixture-1) and a mixture of potatoes and kiwifruit residues (mixture-2) were investigated. The results proved that the properties of mixtures notably affect the evolution of the digestion process. Indeed, despite the lower organic load, the maximum biogas yield, of about 0.44 L/gCODremoved, was obtained for mixture-1. For mixture-2, the digestion process was hindered by the accumulation of acidity due to the lack of alkalinity in respect to the amount of volatile fatty acids. In the second step, the digestates from AD were utilized for syngas production using supercritical water gasification (SCWG) at 450 °C and 250 bar. Both the digestates were rapidly converted into syngas, which was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CH4, and CO. The maximum values of global gasification efficiency, equal to 56.5 g/kgCOD, and gas yield, equal to 1.8 mol/kgTS, were detected for mixture-2. The last step of the integrated treatment aimed to recover the phosphorus content, in the form of MgKPO4ˑ6H2O, from the residual liquid fraction of SCWG. The experimental results proved that at pH = 10 and Mg/P = 1 it is possible to obtain almost complete phosphorus removal. Moreover, by using the scanning electronic microscopy, it was demonstrated that the produced precipitate was effectively composed of magnesium potassium phosphate crystals.
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Casademont P, Cardozo-Filho L, Meurer E, Sánchez-Oneto J, Portela J. Gasification of olive oil mill waste by supercritical water in a continuous reactor. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Casademont P, García-Jarana M, Sánchez-Oneto J, Portela J, Martínez de la Ossa E. Hydrogen production by catalytic conversion of olive mill wastewater in supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Numerical modelling of char formation during glucose gasification in supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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30
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Adamu S, Razzak SA, Hossain MM. Fluidizable Ni/Ce-meso-Al2O3 for gasification of glucose: Effect of catalyst reduction on hydrogen selectivity. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Purkarová E, Ciahotný K, Šváb M, Skoblia S, Beňo Z. Supercritical water gasification of wastes from the paper industry. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Process simulation and energetic analysis of different supercritical water gasification systems for the valorisation of biomass. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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The role of supercritical fluids in the fractionation pretreatments of a wheat bran-based biorefinery. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Yukananto R, Pozarlik AK, Brem G. Computational fluid dynamic model for glycerol gasification in supercritical water in a tee junction shaped cylindrical reactor. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Rodriguez Correa C, Kruse A. Supercritical water gasification of biomass for hydrogen production – Review. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass in a Ceramic Reactor: Long-Time Batch Experiments. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10111734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Production of H 2 from Microalgae Biomass in Supercritical Water Using a Ni/La-γAl 2 O 3 Catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Hydrothermal conversion of biomass is a promising technology for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and biobased chemicals. This chapter is focused on the waste biomass conversion for production of biofuels and chemicals by applying sub- and supercritical fluids. One of the biggest disadvantages in biomass conversion by SCF is the extremely high energy requirement for heating the media above the water critical point (374 °C, 221 bar). The idea behind the recent research is to reduce the operating temperature and energy requirements by processing biomass with water at much higher pressures. The importance of knowledge on behavior of multicomponent systems at elevated pressures and temperatures is underlined. Methods, developed by the authors of this chapter for determination of thermodynamic and transport properties for multicomponent systems of different solid compounds and supercritical fluid under extreme conditions are described. Future perspective of hydrothermal technology as a tool to obtain advanced materials and the possible scope for future research is also discussed.
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39
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Supercritical water gasification of microalgae and their constituents in a continuous reactor. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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The BioSCWG Project: Understanding the Trade-Offs in the Process and Thermal Design of Hydrogen and Synthetic Natural Gas Production. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Structural analysis of bio-oils from subcritical and supercritical hydrothermal liquefaction of Datura stramonium L. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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43
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Yakaboylu O, Yapar G, Recalde M, Harinck J, Smit K, Martelli E, de Jong W. Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: An Integrated Kinetic Model for the Prediction of Product Compounds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onursal Yakaboylu
- Faculty Mechanical, Maritime
and Materials Engineering, Process
and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat
39, NL-2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Güçhan Yapar
- Department
of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, IT-20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Mayra Recalde
- Faculty Mechanical, Maritime
and Materials Engineering, Process
and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat
39, NL-2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - John Harinck
- Faculty Mechanical, Maritime
and Materials Engineering, Process
and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat
39, NL-2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
- Gensos B.V., Wijdenes Spaansweg 57, NL-1764 GK, Breezand, The Netherlands
| | - K.G. Smit
- Gensos B.V., Wijdenes Spaansweg 57, NL-1764 GK, Breezand, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Martelli
- Department
of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, IT-20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Wiebren de Jong
- Faculty Mechanical, Maritime
and Materials Engineering, Process
and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat
39, NL-2628 CB, Delft, The Netherlands
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