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A Design Method for Making an LCC Compensation Two-Coil Wireless Power Transfer System More Energy Efficient Than an SS Counterpart. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10091346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shamsudhin N, Zverev VI, Keller H, Pane S, Egolf PW, Nelson BJ, Tishin AM. Magnetically guided capsule endoscopy. Med Phys 2017; 44:e91-e111. [PMID: 28437000 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a powerful tool for medical screening and diagnosis, where a small capsule is swallowed and moved by means of natural peristalsis and gravity through the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The camera-integrated capsule allows for visualization of the small intestine, a region which was previously inaccessible to classical flexible endoscopy. As a diagnostic tool, it allows to localize the sources of bleedings in the middle part of the gastrointestinal tract and to identify diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease), polyposis syndrome, and tumors. The screening and diagnostic efficacy of the WCE, especially in the stomach region, is hampered by a variety of technical challenges like the lack of active capsular position and orientation control. Therapeutic functionality is absent in most commercial capsules, due to constraints in capsular volume and energy storage. The possibility of using body-exogenous magnetic fields to guide, orient, power, and operate the capsule and its mechanisms has led to increasing research in Magnetically Guided Capsule Endoscopy (MGCE). This work shortly reviews the history and state-of-art in WCE technology. It highlights the magnetic technologies for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities of WCE. Not restricting itself to the GI tract, the review further investigates the technological developments in magnetically guided microrobots that can navigate through the various air- and fluid-filled lumina and cavities in the body for minimally invasive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Shamsudhin
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH 8092, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir I Zverev
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Henrik Keller
- KUKA Roboter GmbH, Zugspitzstrasse 140, Augsburg, 86165, Germany
| | - Salvador Pane
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH 8092, Switzerland
| | - Peter W Egolf
- Institute of Thermal Sciences and Engineering, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Yverdon-les-Bains, CH 1401, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH 8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexander M Tishin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Pharmag LLC, Promyshlennaya st 4, Troitsk, Moscow, 142190, Russia
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A Witricity-Based High-Power Device for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fontana R, Mulana F, Cavallotti C, Tortora G, Vigliar M, Vatteroni M, Menciassi A. An Innovative Wireless Endoscopic Capsule With Spherical Shape. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2017; 11:143-152. [PMID: 27362990 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2016.2560800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to contribute to the advancement of the Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) field for ColoRectal Cancer (CRC) screening, by developing all electronic circuits to build an innovative wireless endoscopic capsule with a spherical shape, conceived to reduce the friction during its locomotion and thus improving patient's acceptability. The proposed capsule embeds an image sensor with optics and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), a control unit with a telemetry module, an actuation system, a battery with a smart recharging circuit able to recharge in 20 minutes, a smart power-on circuit and a localization module. Everything is devised to fit in a small spherical shape with a diameter of 26 mm and a weight of 12.70 g. The authors present a description of the sub-modules involved in the capsule development, together with the firmware and hardware integration. In order to reduce the bandwidth for matching the specifications of the target commercial telemetry, the firmware interfacing of a custom encoder was performed, which is able to compress the incoming images with a negligible loss of information and occupying a number of Look Up-Tables (LUTs) less than 1780. As a preliminary work, a versatile Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) based demo-board system has been developed in order to test and optimize the functionalities and the performance of the single sub-modules and wireless vision chain system. This work allows to demonstrate the feasibility of a complex biomedical system, with severe constraints by highlighting the necessity to enhance the frame rate in the future.
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Ciuti G, Caliò R, Camboni D, Neri L, Bianchi F, Arezzo A, Koulaouzidis A, Schostek S, Stoyanov D, Oddo CM, Magnani B, Menciassi A, Morino M, Schurr MO, Dario P. Frontiers of robotic endoscopic capsules: a review. JOURNAL OF MICRO-BIO ROBOTICS 2016; 11:1-18. [PMID: 29082124 PMCID: PMC5646258 DOI: 10.1007/s12213-016-0087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Digestive diseases are a major burden for society and healthcare systems, and with an aging population, the importance of their effective management will become critical. Healthcare systems worldwide already struggle to insure quality and affordability of healthcare delivery and this will be a significant challenge in the midterm future. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), introduced in 2000 by Given Imaging Ltd., is an example of disruptive technology and represents an attractive alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques. WCE overcomes conventional endoscopy enabling inspection of the digestive system without discomfort or the need for sedation. Thus, it has the advantage of encouraging patients to undergo gastrointestinal (GI) tract examinations and of facilitating mass screening programmes. With the integration of further capabilities based on microrobotics, e.g. active locomotion and embedded therapeutic modules, WCE could become the key-technology for GI diagnosis and treatment. This review presents a research update on WCE and describes the state-of-the-art of current endoscopic devices with a focus on research-oriented robotic capsule endoscopes enabled by microsystem technologies. The article also presents a visionary perspective on WCE potential for screening, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastone Ciuti
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy
| | - R Caliò
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy
| | - D Camboni
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy
| | - L Neri
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy.,Ekymed S.r.l., Livorno, Italy
| | - F Bianchi
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy
| | - A Arezzo
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Koulaouzidis
- Endoscopy Unit, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - D Stoyanov
- Centre for Medical Image Computing and the Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - C M Oddo
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy
| | | | - A Menciassi
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy
| | - M Morino
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - M O Schurr
- Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Tübingen, Germany.,Steinbeis University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Dario
- The BioRobotics Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, Pisa 56025 Italy
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