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Liu Q, Wang L, He L, Lu Y, Wang L, Fu S, Luo X, Zhang Y. Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, and Anthocyanin Jointly Regulate the Color Formation of Triadica sebifera. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14248. [PMID: 38488424 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) is an economically important plant on account of its ornamental value and oil-producing seeds. Leaf colour is a key characteristic of T. sebifera, with yellow-, red- and purple-leaved varieties providing visually impressive displays during autumn. In this study, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying leaf colour development in purple-leaved T. sebifera at three stages during the autumnal colour transition, namely, green, hemi-purple, and purple leaves. We accordingly detected 370 flavonoid metabolites and 10 anthocyanins, among the latter of which, cyanidin-3-xyloside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside were identified as the predominant compounds in hemi-purple and purple leaves. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that structural genes associated with the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, chlorophyll synthesis pathway and carotenoid synthesis pathway were significantly differential expressed at the three assessed colour stages. Additionally, transcription factors associated with the MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex, including 22 R2R3-MYBs, 79 bHLHs and 44 WD40 genes, were identified as candidate regulators of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Moreover, on the basis of the identified differentially accumulated anthocyanins and key genes, we generated genetic and metabolic regulatory networks for anthocyanin biosynthesis in T. sebifera. These findings provide comprehensive information on the leaf transcriptome and three pigments of T. sebifera, thereby shedding new light on the mechanisms underlying the autumnal colouring of the leaves of this tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, AnHui Agricultural University, People's Republic of China
| | - Leijia Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, AnHui Agricultural University, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, AnHui Agricultural University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, AnHui Agricultural University, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, AnHui Agricultural University, People's Republic of China
| | - Songling Fu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, AnHui Agricultural University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Luo
- Anhui Academy of Forestry, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Silviculture, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, AnHui Agricultural University, People's Republic of China
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Ji XL, Zhang M, Wang D, Li Z, Lang S, Song XS. Genome-wide identification of WD40 superfamily in Cerasus humilis and functional characteristics of ChTTG1. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:376-388. [PMID: 36402390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The WD40 superfamily plays an important role in a wide range of developmental and physiological processes. It is a large gene family in eukaryotes. Unfortunately, the research on the WD40 superfamily genes in Cerasus humilis has not been reported. 198 ChWD40s were identified and analyzed in the present study, along with evolutionary relationships, gene structure, chromosome distribution, and collinearity. Then, 5 pairs of tandem duplication and 17 pairs of segmental duplication were found. Based on RNA-Seq data analysis, we screened 31 candidate genes whose expression was up-regulated during the four developmental stages of fruit peel. In addition, we also demonstrated that ChWD40-140, namely ChTTG1, located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytomembrane, has transcriptional activation activity and can form homodimers. ChTTG1 is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through heterologous overexpression in Arabidopsis. These research results provide a reference for a comprehensive analysis of the functions of WD40 in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Long Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shaoyu Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xing Shun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Department of Genetics, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Li J, Yan G, Duan X, Zhang K, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Tan S, Hua X, Wang J. Research Progress and Trends in Metabolomics of Fruit Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881856. [PMID: 35574069 PMCID: PMC9106391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an indispensable part of modern systems biotechnology, applied in the diseases' diagnosis, pharmacological mechanism, and quality monitoring of crops, vegetables, fruits, etc. Metabolomics of fruit trees has developed rapidly in recent years, and many important research results have been achieved in combination with transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, quantitative trait locus (QTL), and genome-wide association study (GWAS). These research results mainly focus on the mechanism of fruit quality formation, metabolite markers of special quality or physiological period, the mechanism of fruit tree's response to biotic/abiotic stress and environment, and the genetics mechanism of fruit trait. According to different experimental purposes, different metabolomic strategies could be selected, such as targeted metabolomics, non-targeted metabolomics, pseudo-targeted metabolomics, and widely targeted metabolomics. This article presents metabolomics strategies, key techniques in metabolomics, main applications in fruit trees, and prospects for the future. With the improvement of instruments, analysis platforms, and metabolite databases and decrease in the cost of the experiment, metabolomics will prompt the fruit tree research to achieve more breakthrough results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwei Duan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Wu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Analysis and Test Center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
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Cao S, Deng H, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Zheng H. Metabolite Profiling and Transcriptome Analysis Unveil the Mechanisms of Red-Heart Chinese Fir [ Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook] Heartwood Coloration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854716. [PMID: 35463434 PMCID: PMC9022624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Red-heart Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) has the advantages of high density and attractive color, making it popular in the market. To date, most studies about stems of woody plants have only been reported at the cytological level because of few living cells. In this study, the xylem was successfully partitioned into three effective sampling areas: sapwood, transition zone, and heartwood. Secondary metabolites, cell survival, and differentially expressed genes in the three sampling areas were, respectively, investigated. First, we identified the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways closely related to color. Based on the chemical structure of secondary metabolites in pathways, two notable directions had been found. Luteolin's glycosylation products might be the key substances that regulated the color of heartwood in red-heart Chinese fir because of the 1,000-fold difference between red-heart and white-heart. We also found pinocembrin and pinobanksin in Chinese fir, which were rarely reported before. At the cytological level, we believed that the transition zone of red-heart Chinese fir was a critical region for color production because of the fewer living ray parenchyma cells. In addition, transcriptome and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) proved that genes regulating the entire phenylpropanoid pathway, upstream of the flavonoid pathway, and some glycosyltransferases were significantly upregulated in the transition zone of red-heart and then colored the heartwood by increasing metabolites. This is the first report on the color-related secondary metabolites regulated by differential genes in red-heart Chinese fir. This study will broaden our knowledge on the effects of metabolites on coloring woody plant xylems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Houyin Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zijie Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Li,
| | - Huiquan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
- Huiquan Zheng,
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Integrated Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome on Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Four Developmental Stages of Cerasus humilis Peel Coloration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111880. [PMID: 34769311 PMCID: PMC8585068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerasus humilis is a unique dwarf shrub and fruit color is an important trait in the species. In this study, we evaluated the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of the plant at different developmental stages to elucidate the mechanism underlying color formation. In a metabolomics analysis, 16 anthocyanin components were identified at four developmental stages, and high levels of cyanidin O-syringic acid and pelargonidin 3-O-beta-d-glucoside (callitephin chloride) were correlated with the reddening of the fruit peel. A co-expression analysis revealed that ANS and UFGT play key roles in pigmentation (PCC > 0.82). Additionally, transcriptome data showed that most anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and two MYB transcription factors were significantly up-regulated. QRT-PCR results for these differentially expressed genes were generally consistent with the high-throughput sequencing. Moreover, the overexpression of ChMYB1 (TRINITY_DN21536_c0_g1) in apple calli could contribute to the accumulation of anthocyanin. It was also found that UFGT (TRINITY_DN19893_c1_g5) and ChMYB1 (TRINITY_DN21536_c0_g1) have similar expression patterns. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation and coloration during fruit peel development, providing a basis for the breeding of anthocyanin-rich C. humilis cultivars.
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