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Serrazina S, Martínez M, Soudani S, Candeias G, Berrocal-Lobo M, Piñeiro P, Malhó R, Costa RL, Corredoira E. Overexpression of Ginkbilobin-2 homologous domain gene improves tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in somatic embryos of Quercus suber. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19357. [PMID: 39169119 PMCID: PMC11339267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades an extensive mortality and decline of Quercus suber populations mainly caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi has been observed. In the current study, a chestnut gene homologous to ginkbilobin-2 (Cast_Gnk2-like), which in Ginkgo biloba codifies an antifungal protein, was transferred into cork oak somatic embryos of three different embryogenic lines by Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The transformation efficiency varied on the genotype from 2.5 to 9.2%, and a total of 22 independent transformed lines were obtained. The presence of Cast_Gnk2-like gene in transgenic embryos was verified in all lines by PCR. The number of transgene copies was estimated by qPCR in embryogenic lines with high proliferation ability and it varied between 1 and 5. In addition, the expression levels of Cast_Gnk2-like gene were determined in the embryogenic lines, with higher levels in lines derived from the genotype ALM6-WT. Transgenic plants were obtained from all transgenic lines and evaluated after cold storage of the somatic embryos for 2 months and subsequent transfer to germination medium. In vitro tolerance tests made under controlled conditions and following zoospore treatment showed that plants overexpressing Cast_Gnk2-like gene improved tolerance against Pc when compared to wild type ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Serrazina
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - MªTeresa Martínez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC), Avda Vigo S/N, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Serine Soudani
- Centro Para La Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Sostenible (CBDS), ETSIMFMN, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonçalo Candeias
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Berrocal-Lobo
- Centro Para La Biodiversidad y Desarrollo Sostenible (CBDS), ETSIMFMN, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Piñeiro
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC), Avda Vigo S/N, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Rui Malhó
- Faculdade de Ciências, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Lourenço Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária I.P., Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elena Corredoira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Sede Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC), Avda Vigo S/N, 15705, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain.
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Ballesteros D, Martínez MT, Sánchez-Romero C, Montalbán IA, Sales E, Moncaleán P, Arrillaga I, Corredoira E. Current status of the cryopreservation of embryogenic material of woody species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1337152. [PMID: 38298606 PMCID: PMC10828030 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1337152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation, or the storage at liquid nitrogen temperatures (-196°C), of embryogenic cells or somatic embryos allows their long-term conservation without loss of their embryogenic capacity. During the last decade, protocols for cryopreservation of embryogenic material of woody species have been increasing in number and importance. However, despite the large experimental evidence proved in thousands of embryogenic lines, the application for the large-scale conservation of embryogenic material in cryobanks is still limited. Cryopreservation facilitates the management of embryogenic lines, reducing costs and time spent on their maintenance, thus limiting the risk of the appearance of somaclonal variation or contamination. Somatic embryogenesis in combination with cryopreservation is especially useful to preserve the juvenility of lines while the corresponding clones are being field-tested. Hence, when tree performance has been evaluated, selected varieties can be propagated from the cryostock. The traditional method of slow cooling or techniques based on vitrification are mostly applied procedures. For example, slow cooling methods are widely applied to conserve embryogenic lines of conifers. Desiccation based procedures, although simpler, have been applied in a smaller number of species. Genetic stability of the cryopreserved material is supported by multiloci PCR-derived markers in most of the assayed species, whereas DNA methylation status assays showed that cryopreservation might induce some changes that were also observed after prolonged subculture of the embryogenic lines. This article reviews the cryopreservation of embryogenic cultures in conifers, fruit species, deciduous forest species and palms, including a description of the different cryopreservation procedures and the analysis of their genetic stability after storage in liquid nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballesteros
- Departamento de Botánica y Geología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Haywards Heath, United Kingdom
| | - María Teresa Martínez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Sede Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Ester Sales
- Dpto. Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio natural, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Huesca, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Arrillaga
- Institut Biotec/Med, Dpto Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Corredoira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Sede Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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