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Liu Y, Wu W, Xu H, Zhou Q, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Xu Q, Lu Z, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Mao Z. A fast and effective way to measure the inner pore size distributions of wetted cotton fibers and their pretreatment performance using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132781. [PMID: 38823739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study reports the findings from using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) to analyze the pore structures of cotton fibers. Cotton fibers, which swell and soften in water, present challenges for conventional pore measurement techniques. TD-NMR overcomes these by measuring the transverse relaxation time (T2) of water protons within the fibers, indicative of internal pore sizes. We established a T2-to-pore size conversion equation using mixed cellulose ester membranes. This enabled differentiation between strongly bound, loosely bound, and free water within the fibers, and detailed the water distribution. A method for measuring the pore size distribution of wet cotton fiber was developed using TD-NMR. We then examined how various pretreatments affect the fibers' internal pores by comparing their pore size distribution and porosity. Specifically, caustic mercerization primarily enlarges the porosity and size of larger pores, while liquid ammonia treatment increases porosity but reduces the size of smaller pores. This research confirms TD-NMR's utility in assessing cotton fabrics' wet processing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China,; Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles, Donghua University, China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qiusheng Xu
- Lufeng Company Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhanzhu Lu
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China
| | - Jingbin Zhang
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China
| | - Qingyong Zhao
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Shandong Zhongkang Guochuang Research Institute of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology Co., Ltd., Taian 271000, China,; Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles, Donghua University, China.
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Fu Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Xie F, Lu Y. Review on Wood Deformation and Cracking during Moisture Loss. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3295. [PMID: 37571188 PMCID: PMC10422486 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood, being a natural hygroscopic material, the interaction between wood and moisture plays a crucial role in wood processing and utilization. Moisture affects the physical and mechanical properties of wood, and is also one of the main external factors that cause wood deformation and cracking. Drying shrinkage is a common phenomenon during the processing and utilization of wood induced by moisture loss. Drying stress is the main cause of wood deformation and cracking. The shrinkage differential between tangential and radial direction and moisture content gradient of wood are two reasons induced the generation of drying stresses. In this review, the existing states of moisture in wood and the interaction between water molecules and wood components were systematically summarized. The current research progress and deficiencies in three aspects including the factors resulted in deformation and cracking in wood caused by moisture loss, the correlation between wood mechanical properties and moisture, as well as the development of deformation and cracking in wood under moisture loss were discussed. This review aims to facilitate further research on the deformation and cracking of wood under moisture loss by providing valuable insights and assistance, ultimately reducing the occurrence of wood deformation and cracking. And thus, it will enhance the overall utilization of wood resources, making wood better serve human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.F.); (F.X.)
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- School of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Yongyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210018, China;
| | - Feifan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.F.); (F.X.)
| | - Yun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (Z.F.); (F.X.)
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Yamada S, Tsuboi Y, Yokoyama D, Kikuchi J. Polymer composition optimization approach based on feature extraction of bound and free water using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 351:107438. [PMID: 37084520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As global environmental sustainability becomes increasingly emphasized, the development of eco-friendly materials, including solutions to the issue of marine plastics, is thriving. However, the material parameter space is vast, making efficient search a challenge. Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance offers material property information through the complex T2 relaxation curves resulting from multiple mobilities. In this research, we used the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence to evaluate the binding state of water (water affinity) in polymers synthesized with various monomer compositions, which were immersed in seawater. We also assessed the T2 relaxation property of the polymers using the magic sandwich echo, double quantum filter, and magic-and-polarization echo filter techniques. We separated the T2 relaxation curves of CPMG into free and bound water for polymers by employing semisupervized nonnegative matrix factorization. By employing the features of separated bound water and polymer properties, a polymer composition optimization method offered crucial factors to monomers through random forests, predicted the components of the polymer using generative topography mapping regression, and determined expected values using Bayesian optimization for polymer composition candidates with the desired high water affinity and high rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuuri Tsuboi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Daiki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-0810, Japan; Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Low-field time-domain NMR relaxometry for studying polymer hydration and mobilization in sodium alginate matrix tablets. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120215. [PMID: 36876817 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sodium alginate is used in various industries, including food, pharmaceutical, and agriculture. Matrix systems, e.g., tablets, and granules, are macro samples with incorporated active substances. During hydration, they are neither equilibrated nor homogenous. Phenomena occurring during hydration of such systems are complex, determine their functional properties and hence require multimodal analysis. Still, there's a lack of comprehensive view. The study aimed to obtain unique characteristics of the sodium alginate matrix during hydration, particularly considering polymer mobilization phenomena using low-field time-domain NMR relaxometry in H2O and D2O. An increase in total signal during 4 h of hydration in D2O of ca. 30 μV resulted from polymer/water mobilization. Modes in T1-T2 maps and changes in their amplitudes reflected physicochemical state of the polymer/water system: e.g. air-dry polymer mode (T1/T2 ~ 600) and two mobilized polymer/water modes (at T1/T2 ~ 40 and T1/T2 ~ 20). The study describes the approach to evaluating the hydration of the sodium alginate matrix in terms of the temporal evolution of proton pools: those existing in the matrix before hydration and those entering the matrix from the bulk water. It provides data complementary to spatially resolved methods like MRI and microCT.
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