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Almeida-Silva MA, Braga-Ferreira RS, Targueta CP, Corvalán LCJ, Silva-Neto CM, Franceschinelli EV, Sobreiro MB, Nunes R, Telles MPC. Chloroplast genomes of Simarouba Aubl., molecular evolution and comparative analyses within Sapindales. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21358. [PMID: 39266625 PMCID: PMC11393331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Simarouba, a neotropical genus in the family Simaroubaceae, currently lacks comprehensive genomic data in existing databases. This study aims to fill this gap by providing genomic resources for three Simarouba species, S. amara, S. versicolor, and S. glauca. It also aims to perform comparative molecular evolutionary analyses in relation to other species within the order Sapindales. The analysis of these three Simarouba species revealed the presence of the typical quadripartite structure expected in plastomes. However, some pseudogenization events were identified in the psbC, infA, rpl22, and ycf1 genes. In particular, the CDS of the psbC gene in S. amara was reduced from 1422 bp to 584 bp due to a premature stop codon. Nucleotide diversity data pointed to gene and intergenic regions as promising candidates for species and family discrimination within the group, specifically matK, ycf1, ndhF, rpl32, petA-psbJ, and trnS-trnG. Selection signal analyses showed strong evidence for positive selection on the rpl23 gene. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that S. versicolor and S. glauca have a closer phylogenetic relationship than S. amara. We provide chloroplast genomes of three Simaruba species and use them to elucidate plastome evolution, highlight the presence of pseudogenization, and identify potential DNA barcode regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla A Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Genética and Biodiversidade (LGBio), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Campus Prof. Ariston Dias Lima, São Raimundo Nonato, PI, Brazil
| | - Ramilla S Braga-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genética and Biodiversidade (LGBio), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | - Cíntia P Targueta
- Laboratório de Genética and Biodiversidade (LGBio), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo C J Corvalán
- Laboratório de Genética and Biodiversidade (LGBio), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Goiás-Polo de Inovação, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos M Silva-Neto
- Instituto Federal de Goiás-Polo de Inovação, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biodiversidade (LBB), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Instituto Acadêmico de Ciências da Saúde e Biológicas (IACSB), Campus Oeste, Unidade Universitária de Iporá, Iporá, GO, 76200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane B Sobreiro
- Laboratório de Genética and Biodiversidade (LGBio), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Laboratório Estadual de Saúde Pública Dr. Giovanni Cysneiros - LACEN-GO, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rhewter Nunes
- Laboratório de Genética and Biodiversidade (LGBio), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biodiversidade (LBB), Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Instituto Acadêmico de Ciências da Saúde e Biológicas (IACSB), Campus Oeste, Unidade Universitária de Iporá, Iporá, GO, 76200-000, Brazil.
| | - Mariana P C Telles
- Laboratório de Genética and Biodiversidade (LGBio), Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Mu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Cheng Y, Shang F, Wang H. Intraspecific Chloroplast Genome Variation and Domestication Origins of Major Cultivars of Styphnolobium japonicum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1156. [PMID: 37372336 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Styphnolobium japonicum is a significant resource of ornamental and medicinal plants. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing to assemble nine chloroplast genomes of S. japonicum. We compared and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of these genomes, along with three publicly available chloroplast genomes. Our results showed that the length of the 12 S. japonicum chloroplast genomes ranged from 158,613 bp to 158,837 bp, all containing 129 unique functional genes. The genetic diversity within S. japonicum chloroplast genomes was relatively low, with π = 0.00029, Theta-W = 0.00028, and an indel frequency of 0.62 indels/1 kb. Among the four regions, the SSC region exhibited the highest genetic diversity and indel frequency, while the IR region had the lowest. Non-coding regions displayed greater genetic variation compared to coding regions, with a few highly variable regions identified. The phylogenetic tree constructed revealed that the major cultivars of S. japonicum originated from two genetic 'sources. S. japonicum 'JinhuaiJ2' had an independent origin and showed close relatedness to S. japonicum var. violacea, S. japonicum var. japonicum, and S. japonicum f. oligophylla. On the other hand, other major cultivars shared a common genetic origin and were closely related to S. japonicum f. pendula. This study highlights the variability of chloroplast genomes within S. japonicum and provides insights into the genetic origins of major cultivars and their relationships with different varieties and forma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Mu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yueqin Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fude Shang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Szandar K, Jakub S, Paukszto Ł, Krawczyk K, Szczecińska M. Are the Organellar Genomes Useful for Fine Scale Population Structure Analysis of Endangered Plants?-A Case Study of Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010067. [PMID: 36672808 PMCID: PMC9859050 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsatilla patens is a rare and endangered species in Europe and its population resources have significantly decreased over the past decades. Previous genetic studies of this species made it possible to estimate the genetic diversity of the European population and to describe the structure of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. The main aim of these studies was to characterize the variability of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in more detail at the intra-population and inter-population levels. Our study presents new organelle genome reference sequences that allow the design of novel markers that can be the starting point for testing hypotheses, past and modern biogeography of rare and endangered species P. patens, and adaptive responses of this species to changing environments. The study included sixteen individuals from five populations located in Northeastern Poland. Comparative analysis of 16 P. patens plastomes from 5 populations enabled us to identify 160 point mutations, including 64 substitutions and 96 InDels. The most numerous detected SNPs and Indels (75%) were accumulated in three intergenic spacers: ndhD-ccsA, rps4-rps16, and trnL(UAG)-ndhF. The mitogenome dataset, which was more than twice as large as the plastome (331 kbp vs. 151 kbp), revealed eight times fewer SNPs (8 vs. 64) and six times fewer InDels (16 vs. 96). Both chloroplast and mitochondrial genome identified the same number of haplotypes-11 out of 16 individuals, but both organellar genomes slightly differ in haplotype clustering. Despite the much lower variation, mitogenomic data provide additional resolution in the haplotype detection of P. patens, enabling molecular identification of individuals, which were unrecognizable based on the plastome dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Szandar
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sawicki Jakub
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Paukszto
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krawczyk
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 1, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Szczecińska
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
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Comparative Chloroplast Genomes of Six Magnoliaceae Species Provide New Insights into Intergeneric Relationships and Phylogeny. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091279. [PMID: 36138758 PMCID: PMC9495354 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnoliaceae plants are industrial tree species with high ornamental and medicinal value. We published six complete chloroplast genomes of Magnoliaceae by using Illumina sequencing. These showed a typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm and were 159,901−160,008 bp in size. A total of 324 microsatellite loci and six variable intergenic regions (Pi > 0.01) were identified in six genomes. Compared with five other genomes, the contraction and expansion of the IR regions were significantly different in Manglietia grandis. To gain a more thorough understanding of the intergeneric relationships in Magnoliaceae, we also included 31 published chloroplast genomes of close relative species for phylogenetic analyses. New insights into the intergeneric relationships of Magnoliaceae are provided based on our results and previous morphological, phytochemical and anatomical information. We suggest that the genus Yulania should be separated from the genus Michelia and its systematic position of should be restored; the genera Paramichelia and Tsoongiodendron should be merged into the genus Michelia; the genera Pachylarnax and Parakmeria should be combined into one genus. These findings will provide a theoretical basis for adjusting the phylogenetic position of Magnoliaceae at the molecular level.
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