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Massender E, Oliveira HR, Brito LF, Maignel L, Jafarikia M, Baes CF, Sullivan B, Schenkel FS. Genome-wide association study for milk production and conformation traits in Canadian Alpine and Saanen dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1168-1189. [PMID: 36526463 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the productivity of Canadian dairy goats is critical to the competitiveness of the sector; however, little is known about the underlying genetic architecture of economically important traits in these populations. Consequently, the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to perform a single-step GWAS for milk production traits (milk, protein, and fat yields, and protein and fat percentages in first and later lactations) and conformation traits (body capacity, dairy character, feet and legs, fore udder, general appearance, rear udder, suspensory ligament, and teats) in the Canadian Alpine and Saanen breeds; and (2) to identify positional and functional candidate genes related to these traits. The data available for analysis included 305-d milk production records for 6,409 Alpine and 3,434 Saanen does in first lactation and 5,827 Alpine and 2,632 Saanen does in later lactations; as well as linear type conformation records for 5,158 Alpine and 2,342 Saanen does. Genotypes were available for 833 Alpine and 874 Saanen animals. Both single-breed and multiple-breed GWAS were performed using single-trait animal models. Positional and functional candidate genes were then identified in downstream analyses. The GWAS identified 189 unique SNP that were significant at the chromosomal level, corresponding to 271 unique positional candidate genes within 50 kb up- and downstream, across breeds and traits. This study provides evidence for the economic importance of several candidate genes (e.g., CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3, DGAT1, and ZNF16) in the Canadian Alpine and Saanen populations that have been previously reported in other dairy goat populations. Moreover, several novel positional and functional candidate genes (e.g., RPL8, DCK, and MOB1B) were also identified. Overall, the results of this study have provided greater insight into the genetic architecture of milk production and conformation traits in the Canadian Alpine and Saanen populations. Greater understanding of these traits will help to improve dairy goat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Massender
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Hinayah R Oliveira
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Luiz F Brito
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Laurence Maignel
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Mohsen Jafarikia
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Christine F Baes
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Brian Sullivan
- Canadian Centre for Swine Improvement Inc., Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Flavio S Schenkel
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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A New AS-PCR Method to Detect CSN201 Allele, Genotyping at Ca-Sensitive Caseins Loci and Milk Traits Association Studies in Autochthonous Lazio Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020239. [PMID: 36670778 PMCID: PMC9854881 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-sensitive caseins are the main protein component of milk. In the goat, they are encoded by three genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, and CSN1S2) located on chromosome 6. A high number of alleles has been discovered for these genes in the goat species, responsible for changes in the milk’s qualitative and quantitative characteristics. This study aimed to develop an Allele-Specific PCR (AS-PCR), which allowed us to unequivocally detect goat carriers of the CSN201 allele. Subsequently, the calcium-sensitive casein loci genotype was investigated in three native goat breeds of the Lazio Region (Bianca Monticellana, Capestrina, and Ciociara Grigia). No individuals were carriers of the CSN1S101, CSN1S1E, CSN201, CSN1S2D, and CSN1S20 alleles, while a high frequency of the alleles CSN1S1F and CSN1S1A*,B* was observed. Association analyses between the different genotypes at the CSN1S1 locus and some milk traits, namely the fat and protein yielded and the fat, protein, solids-not-fat, and casein percentages without an effect on the milk yield, were observed.
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Nutritional Profile, Processing and Potential Products: A Comparative Review of Goat Milk. DAIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy3030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Goat milk contains an abundance of different macro and micro-nutrients. Compared with other milk, goat milk is a viable option due to its low allergy levels and is preferred for infants with cow milk allergies. A wide variety of goat milk-based products, including yoghurt, ice cream, fermented milk, and cheese, are available on the market. They are produced using effective processing technology and are known to exhibit numerous health benefits after consumption. However, goat milk consumption is limited in many nations (compared with cow, buffalo, camel, and sheep milk) due to a lack of awareness of its nutritional composition and the significance of its different byproducts. This review provides a detailed explanation of the various macronutrients that may be present, with special attention paid to each component, its purpose, and the health benefits it offers. It also compares goat milk with milk from other species in terms of its superiority and nutritional content, as well as the types, production methods, health advantages, and other beneficial properties of the various goat milk products that are currently available on the market.
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Saliba L, Zoumpopoulou G, Anastasiou R, Hassoun G, Karayiannis Y, Sgouras D, Tsakalidou E, Deiana P, Montanari L, Mangia NP. Probiotic and safety assessment of Lactobacillus strains isolated from Lebanese Baladi goat milk. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belong to an assorted cluster of bacteria that are protagonists of fermentative processes and bio-based solutions of interest in the different fields of biotechnological sciences, from the agri-food sector (green) up to the industrial (white), throughout the pharmaceutical (red) [...]
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Assessment of Microbiological Quality and Physicochemical Parameters of Fruhe Made by Ovine and Goat Milk: A Sardinian (Italy) Cheese. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fruhe (Casu axedu) is a fresh cheese, traditionally manufactured in Sardinia (Italy) from sheep or goat milk, characterized by a compact coagulum obtained from raw or heat-treated whole milk. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbiological quality and physicochemical parameters of the sheep and goat Fruhe types of cheese at 21 days of cold storage. Chemical analyses showed that all Fruhe cheese samples were characterized by a pH below 4.4 and a variable content of total solid (22.75–21.06 g/100 g) proteins (5.4–10 g/100 g) and fat (3.9–15.7 g/100 g). The average residual lactose content was 2.6 g/100 g, while lactic acid content was 1.8 g/100 g. Microbial analyses revealed a high number of Lactic Acid Bacteria for both thermophilic and mesophilic streptococci (9 log CFU/g), and no pathogenic bacteria were found. The content of Free Amino Acids and Free Fatty acids point out that a good activity of rennet and microbial enzymes occurred, although Fruhe cheese is not subject to a ripening process. The present research reports the microbiological and nutritional characteristics of the sheep and goat Fruhe cheese that could represent the basis for further investigations, needful to improve its nutritional quality and to preserve its peculiarities.
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Mohsin AZ, Sukor R, Selamat J, Meor Hussin AS, Ismail IH, Jambari NN, Jonet A. A highly selective two-way purification method using liquid chromatography for isolating α S2-casein from goat milk of five different breeds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1160:122380. [PMID: 32971369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The main challenges in the purification of αS2-casein are due to the low quantity in milk and high homology with other casein subunits, i.e., αS1-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein. To overcome these challenges, the aim of this study was to develop a two-step purification to isolate native αS2-casein in goat milk from five different breeds; British Alpine, Jamnapari, Saanen, Shami, and Toggenburg. The first step of the purification was executed by anion-exchange chromatography under optimal elution conditions followed by size exclusion chromatography. Tryptic peptides from in-gel digestion of purified αS2-casein were sequenced and analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. From 1.05 g of whole casein, the highest yield of αS2-casein (6.7 mg/mL) was obtained from Jamnapari and the lowest yield (2.2 mg/mL) was from Saanen. A single band of pure αS2-casein was observed on SDS-PAGE for all breeds. The αS2-casein showed coverage percentage of amino acid sequence from 76.68 to 92.83%. The two-step purification process developed herein was successfully applied for isolating native αS2-casein from goat milk with high purity, which will allow for future in vitro studies to be conducted on this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliah Zannierah Mohsin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Shobirin Meor Hussin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Intan Hakimah Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anuar Jonet
- Department of Structural Biology and Biophysics, Malaysia Genome Institute, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mohsin AZ, Sukor R, Selamat J, Meor Hussin AS, Ismail IH, Jambari NN, Mustaffa-Kamal F. Generation of High Affinity Anti-Peptide Polyclonal Antibodies Recognizing Goat α s1-Casein. Molecules 2020; 25:E2622. [PMID: 32516919 PMCID: PMC7321099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical, technological and allergy properties of goat's milk are significantly affected by the level of αs1-casein. Detection and quantification of αs1-casein requires high-specificity methods to overcome high-sequence similarity between this protein and others in the casein family. Unavailability of antibodies with high affinity and specificity towards goat αs1-casein hinders the development of immuno-based analytical methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biosensors. Here, we report the generation of polyclonal antibodies (or immunoglobulins, IgGs) raised towards goat αs1-casein N- (Nter) and C-terminal (Cter) peptide sequences. The Nter and Cter peptides of goat αs1-casein were immunized in rabbits for the generation of antisera, which were purified using protein G affinity chromatography. The binding affinity of the antisera and purified IgGs were tested and compared using indirect ELISA, where peptide-BSA conjugates and goat αs1-casein were used as the coating antigens. The Nter antiserum displayed higher titer than Cter antiserum, at 1/64,000 and 1/32,000 dilutions, respectively. The purification step further yielded 0.5 mg/mL of purified IgGs from 3 mL of antisera. The purified Nter IgG showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher binding affinity towards peptide-BSA and goat αs1-casein, with lower Kd value at 5.063 × 10-3 μM compared to 9.046 × 10-3 μM for the Cter IgG. A cross-reactivity test showed that there was no binding in neither Nter nor Cter IgGs towards protein extracts from the milk of cow, buffalo, horse and camel. High-quality antibodies generated will allow further development of immuno-based analytical methods and future in vitro studies to be conducted on goat αs1-casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliah Zannierah Mohsin
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.M.); (J.S.); (N.N.J.)
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.M.); (J.S.); (N.N.J.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.M.); (J.S.); (N.N.J.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | | | | | - Nuzul Noorahya Jambari
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (A.Z.M.); (J.S.); (N.N.J.)
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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