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Ashayerizadeh A, Jazi V, Rezvani M, Mohebodini H, Soumeh E, Abdollahi M. An investigation into the influence of fermented cottonseed meal on the productive performance, egg quality, and gut health in laying hens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103574. [PMID: 38564832 PMCID: PMC10999706 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with either cottonseed meal (CSM) or fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on the productive performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry parameters, gut bacterial population, and small intestinal morphology of laying hens. A total of 648 Hy-Line W36 laying hens aged 40 weeks were randomly assigned to 9 treatments, with 6 replicates each and 12 birds per replicate. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks. The treatments consisted of a control diet based on corn and SBM, as well as 8 experimental diets in which 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30% of the SBM in the control diet was replaced with either CSM or FCSM. Laying hens fed diets with different levels of FCSM had higher egg production and egg mass than those fed with CSM diets at weeks 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). Diets containing FCSM also significantly improved the feed conversion ratio at weeks 40 to 45 and 46 to 51 (P < 0.05). Eggshell strength was significantly greater in birds fed diets containing FCSM than those fed other dietary treatments at 51 weeks of age (P < 0.05). Hens fed diets containing FCSM had higher calcium and lower cholesterol in serum than those on other diets (P < 0.05). Replacing SBM with FCSM decreased the egg yolk cholesterol content (P < 0.05). Additionally, feeding diets containing different levels of FCSM increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Diets containing FCSM also reduced pH and coliform population in the ileum, and ceca and increased lactic acid bacteria count in the crop and ceca (P < 0.05). Overall, the present data showed that including FCSM in the diet of laying hens can positively affect productive performance compared to CSM. Moreover, substituting SBM with FCSM, can improve eggshell quality, promote gut health, and reduce egg yolk cholesterol concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - V. Jazi
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - M.R. Rezvani
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran
| | - H. Mohebodini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - E.A. Soumeh
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - M.R. Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
- 2 A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZ, Villeurbanne 69100, France
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Zaki MG, Baraka TA, Elkhiat MA, Younis MR, Tayeb FAEF. Determination of hematobiochemical and fore stomach fluid constituents of llama (Lama glama) living in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:403. [PMID: 37953386 PMCID: PMC10641091 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There are no available data regarding the hematology, serum biochemistry, and fore stomach fluid constituents of llama (Lama glama) in Egypt. This study aimed to establish normal reference values for blood and fore stomach fluid constituents of llama and determine the influence of sex and season on these parameters under Egyptian conditions. The study was performed on (n = 38; 22 female, 16 male; 1-7 years) apparently healthy llamas located in the Giza Zoo and private zoo in the Ismailia Governorate. Samples were collected in two seasons and divided into summer and winter samples. Differences in the mean and range values of packed cell volume, serum minerals, fore stomach fluid pH, and total protozoal count in Egypt were recorded. Sex and season had minimal effects on hematology and only erythrocyte count showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in males compared with females. Regarding serum biochemistry, males showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in alanine transaminase and calcium levels, while globulin significantly (p < 0.05) increased in females. The influence of season on serum biochemistry was evident in alanine transaminase, total protein, albumin, and chloride which increased significantly (p < 0.05) in summer, while urea, bilirubin, and magnesium increased significantly (p < 0.05) in winter. Fore stomach fluid pH and ammonia showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in winter, while the total protozoal count increased significantly (p < 0.05) in summer and in males compared with females. The results obtained in this study can serve as reference values for the hematobiochemical and fore stomach fluid constituents of llama in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Gamal Zaki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Taher Ahmad Baraka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Awny Elkhiat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ragaii Younis
- Central Department for Egyptian Zoos and Wildlife Conservation, Giza Zoo, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abd El-Fattah Tayeb
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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Effect of Energy Provision Strategy on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, Bacterial Diversity and Community Composition. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010107. [PMID: 36671679 PMCID: PMC9854636 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the rumen fermentation characteristics, bacterial diversity, and community composition of Hu sheep under four energy provision strategies. Ninety-six Hu sheep (body weight: 17.78 ± 1.24 kg) were equally assigned to four energy provision strategies: (1) low-energy diet for the whole finishing stage (LL); (2) high-energy diet for the whole finishing stage (HH); (3) low-energy diet in the early finishing stage and high-energy diet in the late finishing stage (LH); (4) high-energy diet in the early finishing stage and low-energy diet in the late finishing stage (HL). The results showed that the proportion of acetate was lower in the HH group than that in the HL group, whereas the opposite result was observed for the butyrate proportion (p < 0.05). The Chao 1, observed species, PD whole tree, and Shannon index of the rumen bacteria were higher in the LL group than that in the HH group (p < 0.05). The taxonomic annotations revealed that the Patescibacteria, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Anaeroplasma abundances were higher in the HL group than that in the HH group, and the opposite results were observed regarding the relative abundances of Selenomonas and Anaerovibrio (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Spirochaetota and Treponema were higher in the LH group than that in the HH group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed significant differences between groups (R = 0.6792 and p = 0.001). This study indicates that the energy provision strategy had little impact on the rumen fermentation characteristics, while it heavily affected the rumen bacterial diversity and community composition. This study may provide insight into the rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial community under routine finishing models and contribute to the optimization of energy provision strategies of Hu sheep.
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Vakili AR, Ehtesham S, Danesh-Mesgaran M, Rohani A, Rahimi M. Toward Modeling the In Vitro Gas Production Process by Using Propolis Extract Oil Treatment: Machine Learning and Kinetic Models. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Vakili
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Shahab Ehtesham
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Mohsen Danesh-Mesgaran
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Abbas Rohani
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran
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Wu Q, Chen H, Zhang F, Wang W, Xiong F, Liu Y, Lv L, Li W, Bo Y, Yang H. Cysteamine Supplementation In Vitro Remarkably Promoted Rumen Fermentation Efficiency towards Propionate Production via Prevotella Enrichment and Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112233. [PMID: 36421419 PMCID: PMC9686782 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteamine (CS) is a vital antioxidant product and nutritional regulator that improves the productive performance of animals. A 2 × 4 factorial in vitro experiment was performed to determine the effect of the CS supplementation levels of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/g, based on substrate weight, on the ruminal fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microorganisms of a high-forage substrate (HF, forage:corn meal = 7:3) in the Statistical Analysis System Institute. After 48 h of incubation, the in vitro dry matter disappearance and gas production in the LF group were higher when compared with a low-forage substrate (LF, forge hay:corn meal = 3:7), which was analyzed via the use of the MIXED procedure of the HF group, and these increased linearly with the increasing CS supplementation (p < 0.01). With regard to rumen fermentation, the pH and acetate were lower in the LF group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). However, the ammonia N, microbial crude protein, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate in the LF group were greater than those in the HF group (p < 0.05). With the CS supplementation increasing, the pH, ammonia N, acetate, and A:P decreased linearly, while the microbial crude protein, total VFA, and propionate increased linearly (p < 0.01). Greater antioxidant capacity was observed in the LF group, and the increasing CS supplementation linearly increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, and glutathione reductase, while it decreased the malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). No difference occurred in the ruminal bacteria alpha diversity with the increasing CS supplementation, but it was higher in the LF group than in the HF group (p < 0.01). Based on the rumen bacterial community, a higher proportion of Bacteroidota, instead of Firmicutes, was in the LF group than in the HF group. Furthermore, increasing the CS supplementation linearly increased the relative abundance of Prevotella, norank_f_F082, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 under the two substrates (p < 0.05). Prevotella, norank_f_F082, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 were positively correlated with gas production, rumen fermentation, and antioxidant capacity in a Spearman correlation analysis (r > 0.31, p < 0.05). Overall, a CS supplementation of not less than 20 mg/g based on substrate weight enhanced the rumen fermentation and rumen antioxidant capacity of the fermentation system, and it guided the rumen fermentation towards glucogenic propionate by enriching the Prevotella in Bacteroidetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengliang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangkang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yukun Bo
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Institution of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agri-Cultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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Chen P, Li Y, Shen Y, Cao Y, Li Q, Wang M, Liu M, Wang Z, Huo Z, Ren S, Gao Y, Li J. Effect of Dietary Rumen-Degradable Starch to Rumen-Degradable Protein Ratio on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Protein Synthesis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192633. [PMID: 36230374 PMCID: PMC9559263 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS, g/kg of DM) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP, g/kg of DM) ratios (SPR) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis (MCPS). Treatments were eight diets with SPR of 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 and were formulated to be isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and isostarch. Substrates were anaerobically incubated in sealed culture vials (100 mL) for 6, 24 or 48 h. Three incubation runs were conducted within two consecutive weeks. With the increase of the dietary SPR, the gas production (GP), in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and concentration of MCPS and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) linearly increased after 6 h of incubation (p ≤ 0.01), whereas they quadratically increased and peaked at the SPR of 2.3 after 24 and 48 h of incubation (p < 0.05). In response to dietary SPR increasing, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber disappearance (IVNDFD) quadratically increased (p < 0.01), and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration linearly decreased (p < 0.01) after 6, 24 and 48 h of incubation. Based on the presented results, an SPR of 2.3 is recommended for formulating a diet due to its greatest IVDMD, IVNDFD, GP, TVFA and MCPS. However, as the results obtained are strictly dependent on the in vitro conditions, further in vivo studies are needed to verify our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panliang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yizhao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qiufeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Meimei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Mingchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zihan Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianguo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071001, China
- Hebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (J.L.)
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Diet Shift May Trigger LuxS/AI-2 Quorum Sensing in Rumen Bacteria. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080379. [PMID: 36004904 PMCID: PMC9405308 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) is the most universal cell-to-cell communication in rumen bacteria; however, it remains unknown how they respond to nutritional stress from a diet shift. This study aimed to explore whether a diet shift could trigger rumen bacterial LuxS/AI-2 QS and its influences on rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial community diversity and composition. A total of fifteen Hu sheep were selected to undergo a pre-shift diet (Pre, concentrate to forage ratio 75:25) for one month and then abruptly switch to a post-shift diet (Post, concentrate to forage ratio 49:51). Results showed that the serum cortisol and immunoglobulin G concentrations were higher in Post than in Pre (p < 0.05). The microbial density, AI-2 concentration, biofilm formation, and the gene expression of ftsH were higher in Post when compared with Pre (p < 0.05), whilst the gene expression of luxS tended to be lower in Post (p = 0.054). The molar concentration of valerate and fermentation efficiency decreased after the diet shift, while the acetate to propionate ratio and the molar proportion of butyrate were higher in Post compared to Pre (p < 0.05). Moreover, the diet shift increased the richness of ruminal bacteria and the relative abundances of Roseburia, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Lachnospira, and decreased the relative abundances of Prevotella, Megasphaera, and Dialister (p < 0.05). A difference in trends was also observed in an analysis of similarity (R = 0.1208 and p = 0.064). This study suggests that a diet shift could trigger rumen bacterial LuxS/AI-2 QS by altering microbial density, AI-2 concentration, biofilm formation, and related gene expression, as well as affect the rumen fermentation pattern and bacterial community diversity and composition. This study may provide insight into a potential strategy for relieving nutritional stress via regulating bacterial communication.
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Mixed Fermentation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bacillus licheniformis Changed the Chemical Composition, Bacterial Community, and Rumen Degradation Rate of Tea Residue. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea residue, as a byproduct in tea processing, is highly nutritious and can be used as a good raw material for ruminant feed. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) mixed fermentation of tea residue mixture (tea residue:wheat bran, 7:3) on chemical composition, bacterial community, and rumen degradation rate. Changes in chemical composition and bacterial community were evaluated after 0 (F0), 1 (F1), 3 (F3), and 5 (F5) days of fermentation. The rumen degradation rate was studied by the in situ nylon bag method. Compared with group F0, acid soluble protein in other groups increased while pH and neutral detergent fiber decreased (p < 0.05). The group F5 was the best. The diversity of bacterial communities in group F0 was significantly lower than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and the genus Lactobacillus increased with increasing fermentation time. The rumen degradation rates of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were increased after fermentation. In conclusion, mixed fermentation of tea residue by L. plantarum and B. licheniformis can ameliorate chemical composition, reduce bacterial community diversity, and improve the rumen degradation rate.
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Inhibitory Effect Mediated by Deoxynivalenol on Rumen Fermentation under High-Forage Substrate. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi. To investigate its ruminal degradability and its effect on rumen fermentation, a 2 × 5 factorial experiment was conducted in vitro with two feed substrates with different forage levels (high forage (HF), forage-to-concentrate = 4:1; low forage (LF), forage-to-concentrate = 1:4) and five DON additions per substrate (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg of dry matter). After 48 h incubation, the DON degradability in the HF group was higher than in the LF group (p < 0.01), and it decreased along with the increase in DON concentrations (p < 0.01), which varied from 57.18% to 29.01% at 48 h. In addition, the gas production rate, total VFA production and microbial crude protein decreased linearly against the increase in DON additions (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the proportion of CH4 in the fermentation gas end-products increased linearly, especially in the HF group (p < 0.01). In brief, rumen microorganisms presented 29–57% of the DON degradation ability and were particularly significant under a high-forage substrate. Along with the increasing DON addition, the toxin degradability decreased, showing a dose-dependent response. However, DON inhibited rumen fermentation and increased methane production when it exceeded 5 mg/kg of dry matter.
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Dynamic Variations in Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Bacterial Community Composition during In Vitro Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the dynamic variations of rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial community composition during a 24 h in vitro fermentation. A total of twenty-three samples were collected from original rumen fluid (ORF, n = 3), fermentation at 12 h (R12, n = 10), and fermentation at 24 h (R24, n = 10). Results showed that gas production, concentrations of microbial crude protein, ammonia nitrogen, and individual volatile fatty acids (VFA), as well as total VFA and branched-chain VFA concentrations, were higher in R24 when compared with R12 (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in acetate to propionate ratio and fermentation efficiency between R12 and R24 (p > 0.05). Bacterial diversity analysis found that Shannon index and Simpson index were higher in R24 (p < 0.05), and obvious clusters were observed in rumen bacterial community between R12 and R24. Taxonomic analysis at the phylum level showed that the abundances of Proteobacteria and Fibrobacteres were higher in R12 than that in R24, and inverse results were observed in Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Lentisphaerae, and Synergistetes abundances. Taxonomic analysis at the genus level revealed that the abundances of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Succiniclasticum, Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Veillonellaceae UCG-001, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group were higher in R24, whereas higher abundances of Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002, Ruminobacter, and Fibrobacter, were found in R12. Correlation analysis revealed the negative associations between gas production and abundances of Proteobacteria, Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002, and Ruminobacter. Moreover, the abundances of Firmicutes, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 positively correlated with VFA production. These results indicate that both rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial community composition were dynamic during in vitro fermentation, whereas the fermentation pattern, efficiency, and bacterial richness remained similar. This study provide insight into the dynamics of rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial composition during in vitro fermentation. This study may also provide a reference for decision-making for the sampling time point when conducting an in vitro fermentation for bacterial community investigation.
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