1
|
Cho H, Jeong S, Kang K, Lee M, Jeon S, Kang H, Kim H, Seo J, Oh J, Seo S. Effects of Dietary Fat Level of Concentrate Mix on Growth Performance, Rumen Characteristics, Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, and Methane Emission in Growing Hanwoo Steers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:139. [PMID: 38200870 PMCID: PMC10778547 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different dietary fat levels in concentrate mixes on the growth performance, rumen characteristics, digestibility, blood metabolites, and methane emissions in growing Hanwoo steers. Thirty steers (386 ± 24.6 kg of body weight [BW]; 12 months old), blocked by BW, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments with varying fat concentrations in concentrate mix (48, 74, and 99 g of ether extract per kg dry matte [DM]). The fat intake of the low-fat treatment represented 4.15% of the total dry matter intake (DMI), while the medium- and high-fat treatments accounted for 5.77% and 7.23% of total DMI, respectively. Concentrate mix DMI decreased with increasing fat level (p < 0.01). The growth rate and digestibility did not significantly differ based on the fat level (p > 0.05). As the fat level increased, propionate in the total ruminal volatile fatty acids increased, and butyrate and acetate-to-propionate decreased (p < 0.01). Cholesterol in blood serum increased significantly with increasing dietary fat levels (p < 0.01). Methane emissions exhibited a linear decrease with increasing fat level (p < 0.05). In conclusion, elevating fat content in the concentrates up to 100 g/kg DM reduced methane emissions without compromising the growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Cho
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Sinyong Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Kyewon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Mingyung Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Seoyoung Jeon
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hamin Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| | - Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Cargill Animal Nutrition Korea, Seongnam 13630, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seongwon Seo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (H.C.); (S.J.); (K.K.); (M.L.); (S.J.); (H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Araiza Ponce KA, Gurrola Reyes JN, Martínez Estrada SC, Salas Pacheco JM, Palacios Torres J, Murillo Ortiz M. Fermentation Patterns, Methane Production and Microbial Population under In Vitro Conditions from Two Unconventional Feed Resources Incorporated in Ruminant Diets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2940. [PMID: 37760339 PMCID: PMC10525595 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four experimental treatments were evaluated: (T1) alfalfa hay + concentrate, (50:50%, DM); (T2) alfalfa hay + Leucaena leucocephala + concentrate, (30:20:50%, DM); (T3) alfalfa hay + prickly pear + concentrate, (30:20:50%, DM); and (T4) alfalfa hay + Leucaena leucocephala + prickly pear + concentrate, (30:10:10:50%, DM). NH3-N concentrations in T2 and T4 decreased when replaced with alfalfa hay in 20 and 10%, respectively. Treatments did not affect the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) between T3 and T4 (p > 0.05), while the concentrations among T1 and T2 were different (p < 0.05). T2 showed a reduction of 25.5% in the methane production when compared to T1 (p < 0.05). The lowest concentrations of protozoa were observed in T2 and T4, which contained Leucaena leucocephala (T2) and Leucaena leucocephala + prickly pear (T4) (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of total methanogens was recorded in T1 and was different in T2, T3, and T4 (p < 0.05). Leucaena leucocephala, at an inclusion percentage of 20%, decreased the methane when compared to T1, whereas prickly pear increased methane production in relation to T1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina A. Araiza Ponce
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34126, Mexico; (K.A.A.P.); (J.P.T.)
| | - J. Natividad Gurrola Reyes
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integral Regional Development, National Polytechnic Institute, Durango Unit, Durango 34126, Mexico; (J.N.G.R.); (S.C.M.E.)
| | - Sandra C. Martínez Estrada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Integral Regional Development, National Polytechnic Institute, Durango Unit, Durango 34126, Mexico; (J.N.G.R.); (S.C.M.E.)
| | - José M. Salas Pacheco
- Scientific Research Institute, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34126, Mexico;
| | - Javier Palacios Torres
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34126, Mexico; (K.A.A.P.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Manuel Murillo Ortiz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango 34126, Mexico; (K.A.A.P.); (J.P.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soder KJ, Brito AF. Enteric methane emissions in grazing dairy systems. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:324-328. [PMID: 37521055 PMCID: PMC10382831 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of agricultural CH4 comes from livestock systems, with 90% of that derived from enteric CH4 production by ruminants. Grazing systems are used worldwide to feed dairy cattle. Although quantifying enteric CH4 emissions in grazing systems has unique challenges, emerging technologies have made gaseous data collection more feasible and less laborious. Nevertheless, robust data sets on enteric CH4 emissions under various grazing conditions, as well as effective and economic strategies to mitigate CH4 emissions in grazing dairy cows, are still in high demand because data collection, feeding management, and milk market regulations (e.g., organic certification, grassfed) impose more challenges to grazing than confinement dairy systems. This review will cover management strategies to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions and applicability to pastoral dairy systems. The effects of enteric CH4 in the broader context of whole-system assessments will be discussed, which are key to assess the overall environmental impact of grazing dairies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy J. Soder
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andre F. Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824
| |
Collapse
|