Assessment of the Scales of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.) by Image Analysis and Atomic Force Microscopy

Ultrasonography study of the skin wound healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

This work aimed to carry out an in vivo study of the skin healing process in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) after being experimentally wounded. Firstly, the structure of normal skin was studied by real-time ultrasonography (Vevo Lab, VisualSonics) and light microscopy. Besides this, experimental wounds were made on the left flank of each fish with a circular biopsy punch (8 mm diameter) below the lateral line. The healing process was assessed on live fish at 0, 6, 11 and 23 days post-wounding using the real-time ultrasonography in B-mode and Power Doppler mode (Vevo 3100 FUJIFILM, VisualSonics). Through the ultrasonography images, both the skin structure and the evolution of the changes that wounds originated in the surrounding tissues were studied in vivo over time. Concomitantly, the pattern of neovascularization in the wounded area was followed during the healing process and it was demonstrated that, although the neovascularization started very early after the skin damage, it was increased in wounded areas from day 11 post-wounding onwards. The results obtained proved the utility and power of using ultrasounds in fish to evaluate in vivo complex biological processes in real time, which are difficult to study by other methodologies. The present data shed some light on the reparation of external injuries in aquatic vertebrates.