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von Montfort GM, Costello JH, Colin SP, Morandini AC, Migotto AE, Maronna MM, Reginato M, Miyake H, Nagata RM. Ontogenetic transitions, biomechanical trade-offs and macroevolution of scyphozoan medusae swimming patterns. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9760. [PMID: 37328506 PMCID: PMC10276012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ephyrae, the early stages of scyphozoan jellyfish, possess a conserved morphology among species. However, ontogenetic transitions lead to morphologically different shapes among scyphozoan lineages, with important consequences for swimming biomechanics, bioenergetics and ecology. We used high-speed imaging to analyse biomechanical and kinematic variables of swimming in 17 species of Scyphozoa (1 Coronatae, 8 "Semaeostomeae" and 8 Rhizostomeae) at different developmental stages. Swimming kinematics of early ephyrae were similar, in general, but differences related to major lineages emerged through development. Rhizostomeae medusae have more prolate bells, shorter pulse cycles and higher swimming performances. Medusae of "Semaeostomeae", in turn, have more variable bell shapes and most species had lower swimming performances. Despite these differences, both groups travelled the same distance per pulse suggesting that each pulse is hydrodynamically similar. Therefore, higher swimming velocities are achieved in species with higher pulsation frequencies. Our results suggest that medusae of Rhizostomeae and "Semaeostomeae" have evolved bell kinematics with different optimized traits, rhizostomes optimize rapid fluid processing, through faster pulsations, while "semaeostomes" optimize swimming efficiency, through longer interpulse intervals that enhance mechanisms of passive energy recapture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M von Montfort
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-000, Brazil.
| | - John H Costello
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Biology Department, Providence College, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Biology Department, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Sean P Colin
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Biology Department, Providence College, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Marine Biology and Environmental Science, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI, 02809, USA
| | - André C Morandini
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, São Paulo, SP, 101, 05508-090, Brazil
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rodovia Manuel Hipólito do Rego, km 131.5, São Sebastião, SP, 11612-109, Brazil
| | - Alvaro E Migotto
- Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, Rodovia Manuel Hipólito do Rego, km 131.5, São Sebastião, SP, 11612-109, Brazil
| | - Maximiliano M Maronna
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, São Paulo, SP, 101, 05508-090, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01-Vargem Limpa-Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Reginato
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Hiroshi Miyake
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Renato M Nagata
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-000, Brazil
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Zhang Z, Zhuang Y, Chen H, Lu S, Li Y, Ge R, Chen C, Liu G. Effects of Prorocentrum donghaiense bloom on zooplankton functional groups in the coastal waters of the East China Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112878. [PMID: 34450409 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the non-toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense are common in the East China Sea; however, the in situ impacts of these blooms on zooplankton community functions have not yet been conducted in this area. Using functional trait-based methods, we found that P. donghaiense bloom significantly changed the zooplankton community structure and functions in the coastal water of the East China Sea. Zooplankton species richness and biodiversity increased after the bloom. Based on body length, feeding type, trophic group and reproductive mode, we categorized zooplankton into four functional groups and characterized their dynamics. Before and after the bloom, the zooplankton community was dominated by herbivorous- and free-spawner- lineages represented by copepods and tunicates, while during the bloom, the zooplankton community was dominated by carnivorous- and egg-brooding- lineages represented by small jellyfish, chaetognaths and copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Yunyun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Hongju Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China.
| | - Songhui Lu
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Ruping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
| | - Guangxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, China
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