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Vaitiekūnaitė D, Dodoo D, Snitka V. Traceability of bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) of the Baltic-Nordic region using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): DFT simulation-based DNA analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122192. [PMID: 36493623 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Food traceability is a major issue in the industry. We investigated whether bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) from 4 different locations within the Baltic-Nordic region could be effectively differentiated using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based spectral data and chemometric analyses. Furthermore, we aimed to determine if nucleobase (adenine and cytosine) methylation could be responsible for any observed variation. Our experiment was successful in that both principal component (PCA) and discriminant function analyses (DFA) showed differentiation between bilberry DNA from all 4 geographical regions. Density functional theory (DFT) based simulations allowed us to analyze whether DNA's spectral data dissimilarities may be due to nucleobase methylation. Although results were inconclusive on this, our investigation provides valuable data on simulated versus experimental DNA and DNA component spectra. Further research will be directed towards understanding what other epigenetic changes could be responsible for the observed DNA variation as well as determining the optimal parameters for using DFT simulations in upcoming projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorotėja Vaitiekūnaitė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Laboratory of Forest Plant Biotechnology Institute of Forestry, Liepu st. 1, LT-53101 Girionys, Lithuania.
| | - Daniel Dodoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Valentinas Snitka
- Research Center for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu str. 65, LT-51369 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Vaccinium Species (Ericaceae): Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Medicinal Plants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041533. [PMID: 36838522 PMCID: PMC9966428 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vaccinium L. (Ericaceae) genus consists of a globally widespread and diverse genus of around 4250 species, of which the most valuable is the Vaccinioidae subfamily. The current review focuses on the distribution, history, bioactive compounds, and health-related effects of three species: cranberry, blueberry, and huckleberry. Several studies highlight that the consumption of Vaccinium spp. presents numerous beneficial health-related outcomes, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and protective effects against diabetes, obesity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular disorders. These plants' prevalence and commercial value have enhanced in the past several years; thus, the generated by-products have also increased. Consequently, the identified phenolic compounds found in the discarded leaves of these plants are also presented, and their impact on health and economic value is discussed. The main bioactive compounds identified in this genus belong to anthocyanins (cyanidin, malvidin, and delphinidin), flavonoids (quercetin, isoquercetin, and astragalin), phenolic acids (gallic, p-Coumaric, cinnamic, syringic, ferulic, and caffeic acids), and iridoids.
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Yuan M, Gong S, Liu Y, Li X, Li M, Zeng D, Li J, Guo Y, Guo L. Rapid discrimination of the authenticity and geographical origin of bear bile powder using stable isotope ratio and elemental analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:345-356. [PMID: 36350342 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bear bile powder (BBP) is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines derived from animals. It has a long history of medicinal use and is widely used in the treatment of hepatobiliary and ophthalmic diseases. Due to its similar morphological characterizations and chemical composition compared with other bile powders, it is difficult to accurately identify its authenticity. In addition, there are very few methods that could analyze the geographical origins of BBP. In this study, elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine stable isotope ratios and elemental contents, respectively. Combined these variables with chemometrics, the discrimination models were established successfully for identifying the authenticity and geographical origins of BBP. Meanwhile, the discrimination markers were identified by calculating the variable importance for the projection (VIP) value of each variable. A total of 13 discrimination markers (δ13C, δ15N, C, Li, Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Ni, Zn, As, Se, and Sr) were used to further establish the fingerprint of BBP. According to similarity analysis, the authenticity and geographical origins of BBP could be identified without chemometrics. In conclusion, the present study established a reliable method for authenticity identification and origin traceability of BBP, which will provide references for the quality control of bile medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Sheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Dafu Zeng
- Chengdu JINGBO Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Jiangang Li
- Chengdu JINGBO Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 611100, China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China.
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611100, China.
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Salo HM, Nguyen N, Alakärppä E, Klavins L, Hykkerud AL, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Klavins M, Häggman H. Authentication of berries and berry-based food products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5197-5225. [PMID: 34337851 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Berries represent one of the most important and high-valued group of modern-day health-beneficial "superfoods" whose dietary consumption has been recognized to be beneficial for human health for a long time. In addition to being delicious, berries are rich in nutrients, vitamins, and several bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and hydrolysable tannins. However, due to their high value, berries and berry-based products are often subject to fraudulent adulteration, commonly for economical gain, but also unintentionally due to misidentification of species. Deliberate adulteration often comprises the substitution of high-value berries with lower value counterparts and mislabeling of product contents. As adulteration is deceptive toward customers and presents a risk for public health, food authentication through different methods is applied as a countermeasure. Although many authentication methods have been developed in terms of fast, sensitive, reliable, and low-cost analysis and have been applied in the authentication of a myriad of food products and species, their application on berries and berry-based products is still limited. The present review provides an overview of the development and application of analytical chemistry methods, such as isotope ratio analysis, liquid and gas chromatography, spectroscopy, as well as DNA-based methods and electronic sensors, for the authentication of berries and berry-based food products. We provide an overview of the earlier use and recent advances of these methods, as well as discuss the advances and drawbacks related to their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki M Salo
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Emmi Alakärppä
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Linards Klavins
- The Natural Resource Research Centre, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anne Linn Hykkerud
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Horticulture, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway.,Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maris Klavins
- The Natural Resource Research Centre, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Hely Häggman
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
Global warming and the increase in organic waste from agro-industries create a major problem for the environment. In this sense, microbial fuel cells (MFC) have great potential for the generation of bioelectricity by using organic waste as fuel. This research produced low-cost MFC by using zinc and copper electrodes and taking blueberry waste as fuel. A peak current and voltage of 1.130 ± 0.018 mA and 1.127 ± 0.096 V, respectively, were generated. The pH levels were acid, with peak conductivity values of 233. 94 ± 0.345 mS/cm and the degrees Brix were descending from the first day. The maximum power density was 3.155 ± 0.24 W/cm2 at 374.4 mA/cm2 current density, and Cándida boidinii was identified by means of molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques. This research gives a new way to generate electricity with this type of waste, generating added value for the companies in this area and helping to reduce global warming.
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