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Ye Z, Wang J, Gan S, Dong G, Yang F. Combination of fingerprint and chemometric analytical approaches to identify the geographical origin of Qinghai-Tibet plateau rapeseed oil. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27167. [PMID: 38444496 PMCID: PMC10912685 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Verification of the geographical origin of rapeseed oil is essential to protect consumers from fraudulent products. A prospective study was conducted on 45 samples from three rapeseed oil-producing areas in Qinghai Province, which were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. To assess the accuracy of the prediction of origin, classification models were developed using PCA, OPLS-DA, and LDA. It was found that multivariate analysis combined with PCA separate 96% of the samples, and the correct sample discrimination rate based on the OPLS-DA model was over 98%. The predictive index of the model was Q2 = 0.841, indicating that the model had good predictive ability. The LDA results showed highly accurate classification (100%) and cross-validation (100%) rates for the rapeseed oil samples, demonstrating that the model had strong predictive capacity. These findings will serve as a foundation for the implementation and advancement of origin traceability using the combination of fatty acid, phytosterol and tocopherol fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Ye
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Jinying Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Shengrui Gan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Guoxin Dong
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Furong Yang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
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Mannino G, Kunz R, Maffei ME. Discrimination of Green Coffee ( Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora) of Different Geographical Origin Based on Antioxidant Activity, High-Throughput Metabolomics, and DNA RFLP Fingerprinting. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051135. [PMID: 37238001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Coffea is known for the two species C. arabica (CA) and C. canephora (CC), which are used to prepare the beverage coffee. Proper identification of green beans of coffee varieties is based on phenotypic and phytochemical/molecular characteristics. In this work, a combination of chemical (UV/Vis, HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, GC-MS, and GC-FID) and molecular (PCR-RFLP) fingerprinting was used to discriminate commercial green coffee accessions from different geographical origin. The highest content of polyphenols and flavonoids was always found in CC accessions, whereas CA showed lower values. ABTS and FRAP assays showed a significant correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity in most CC accessions. We identified 32 different compounds, including 28 flavonoids and four N-containing compounds. The highest contents of caffeine and melatonin were detected in CC accessions, whereas the highest levels of quercetin and kaempferol derivatives were found in CA accessions. Fatty acids of CC accessions were characterized by low levels of linoleic and cis octadecenoic acid and high amounts of elaidic acid and myristic acid. Discrimination of species according to their geographical origin was achieved using high-throughput data analysis, combining all measured parameters. Lastly, PCR-RFLP analysis was instrumental for the identification of recognition markers for the majority of accessions. Using the restriction enzyme AluI on the trnL-trnF region, we clearly discriminated C. canephora from C. arabica, whereas the cleavage performed by the restriction enzymes MseI and XholI on the 5S-rRNA-NTS region produced specific discrimination patterns useful for the correct identification of the different coffee accessions. This work extends our previous studies and provides new information on the complete flavonoid profile, combining high-throughput data with DNA fingerprinting to assess the geographical discrimination of green coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Ronja Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy
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Application of stable isotope and mineral element fingerprint in identification of Hainan camellia oil producing area based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Taous F, El Ghali T, Marah H, Laraki K, Islam M, Cannavan A, Kelly S. Geographical Classification of Authentic Moroccan Argan Oils and the Rapid Detection of Soya and Sunflower Oil Adulteration with ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Go YS, Won EJ, Kim SH, Lee DH, Kang JH, Shin KH. Stepwise Approach for Tracing the Geographical Origins of the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum Using Dual-Element Isotopes and Carbon Isotopes of Fatty Acids. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131965. [PMID: 35804779 PMCID: PMC9265916 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While there are many studies that have reported methods for tracing the geographical origin of seafoods, most of them have focused on identifying parameters that can be used effectively and not the direct application of these methods. In this study, we attempted to differentiate the geographical origins of the Manila clam R. philippinarum collected from different sites in Korea, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and China using a combination of analyses based on dual-element isotopes, fatty acids (FAs), and compound-specific isotopic analysis of FAs. We hypothesized that a stepwise application of new parameters to unclassified samples could achieve this objective by integrating new information while reducing time and labor. The FA profiles and compound-specific carbon isotopic values of FAs were found to enhance the discrimination power of determining the geographic origin up to 100%. Our findings demonstrate the advantageousness of using several parameters simultaneously over the conventional method of employing individual analytical methods when identifying geographic origins of the Manila clam, which could have implications for tracing the origins of different shellfish species or other food products as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Shin Go
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (Y.-S.G.); (S.-H.K.); (D.-H.L.)
- Marine Environmental Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Institute of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea;
| | - Seung-Hee Kim
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (Y.-S.G.); (S.-H.K.); (D.-H.L.)
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (Y.-S.G.); (S.-H.K.); (D.-H.L.)
- Marine Environmental Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Kang
- Aquaculture Industry Division, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon 22383, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (Y.-S.G.); (S.-H.K.); (D.-H.L.)
- Institute of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-400-5536
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Gharby S, Charrouf Z. Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control. Front Nutr 2022; 8:804587. [PMID: 35187023 PMCID: PMC8850956 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.804587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Argan oil is considered a relatively international product exported from Morocco, although different companies in Europe and North America distribute argan oil around the globe. Argan oil is non-refined vegetable oil, of the more well-known “virgin oil” type, is produced from the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels]. The argan tree is deemed to be an important forest species from both social and economic standpoints. Argan oil has rapidly emerged as an important product able to bring more income to the local population. In addition, it also has important environmental implications, owing to its ability to stand against desert progression. Currently, argan oil is mainly produced by women's cooperatives in Morocco using a semi-industrial mechanical extraction process. This allows the production of high-quality argan oil. Depending on the method used to prepare argan kernels, two types of argan oil can be obtained: food or cosmetic grade. Cosmetic argan oil is prepared from unroasted kernels, whereas food argan oil is achieved by cold pressing kernels roasted for a few minutes. Previously, the same food argan oil was prepared exclusively by women according to a laborious ancestral process. Extraction technology has been evolved to obtain high-quality argan oil at a large scale. The extraction process and several accompanying parameters can influence the quality, stability, and purity of argan oil. In view of this, the present review discusses different aspects related to argan oil chemical composition along with its nutritional and cosmetic values. Similarly, it details different processes used to prepare argan oil, as well as its quality control, oxidative stability, and authenticity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Gharby
- Laboratory Biotechnology, Materials and Environment, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Taroudant, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Said Gharby
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bioorganic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
- Zoubida Charrouf
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Discrimination of Geographical Origin of Unroasted Kernels Argan Oil (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) Using Tocopherols and Chemometrics. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8884860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorisation of Argan oil requires the precise identification of different provenances markers. The concentration of tocopherol is regarded as one of the essential parameters that certifies the quality and purity of Argan oil. In this study, 39 Argan samples from six different geographical origins (Safi, Essaouira, Agadir, Taroudant, Tiznit, and Sidi Ifni) from the central west of Morocco were collected and extracted using cold pressing. The total tocopherol amount was found to range from 783.23 to 1,271.68 mg/kg. Generally, γ-tocopherol has the highest concentration in Argan oil. It should also be noted that the geographical origin was found to have a strong effect on the amounts of all tocopherol homologues studied. Principal component analysis of tocopherol concentrations highlighted a significant difference between the different provenances. The content of tocopherol has also been found to be strongly influenced by the distance from the coast and altitude, whereas no significant effect was found regarding other ecological parameters. The prediction ability of the LDA models was 87.2%. The highest correct classification was revealed in coastal provenances (100%), and the lowest values were from the continental ones (71.4%). These results provide the basis for determining the geographical origins of Argan oil production with well-defined characteristics to increase the product’s value and the income of local populations. In addition, this study provides a very promising basis for developing Argan varieties with a high content of tocopherol homologues, as well as contributing to the traceability and protection of Argan oil’s geographical indication.
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