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Hadi N, Drioiche A, Bouchra EM, Baammi S, Abdelaziz Shahat A, Tagnaout I, Radi M, Remok F, Bouzoubaa A, Zair T. Phytochemical Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils and Seed Extracts of Anethum graveolens from Southern Morocco: In Vitro and In Silico Approach for a Natural Alternative to Synthetic Preservatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:862. [PMID: 39065713 PMCID: PMC11280095 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anethum graveolens is an aromatic plant traditionally used as an antispasmodic and carminative. The objective of this study is to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils and extracts obtained from seeds gathered in Errachidia, southern Morocco. Additionally, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these oils and extracts will be evaluated. GC-MS analysis of the EO isolated by hydrodistillation revealed that its main compounds were E-anethole (38.13%), estragole (29.32%), fenchone (17.21%), and α-pinene (7.37%). The phenolic components were extracted using the methods of decoction and Soxhlet. The assay of the phenolic compounds showed that A. graveolens seeds contained considerable amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins, with variable levels depending on the extract analyzed. HPLC/UV-ESI-MS analyses performed on the decoction revealed a structural diversity of the molecules present in this extract, the most important of which were umbelliferone (12.35%), 3-hydroxyflavone (11.23%), rosmanol (8.95%), biotin (8.36%), emmotin H (4.91%), and coumarin (4.21%). The antioxidant activity, as determined by three techniques (DPPH•, FRAP, and CAT), demonstrated that the essential oils (EOs) and extracts had a potent capacity to counteract detrimental free radicals, control the generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitigate oxidative damages. The antimicrobial activity of the Eos and extracts was carried out in a liquid medium against five strains (E. cloacae, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis) and four candidiasis (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis) and Aspergillus niger. The results showed the effectiveness of the EOs compared to the aqueous, ethanolic, and decoction extracts against most of the microorganisms tested. In addition, the ethanolic extract showed antifungal activity that was distinguished from that of the other extracts. The antimicrobial efficacy of the essential oils under study can primarily be attributed to the synergistic interactions among its three principal constituents (E-anethole, estragole, and fenchone). Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results reveal significant interactions and stability between the selected bioactive compounds and different target proteins involved in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Compounds like 3-hydroxyflavone, emmotin H, trans-caftaric acid, methyl rosmarinate, 1-caffeoyl-beta-D-glucose, and kaempferol exhibited better binding energies with the explored proteins, indicating their potential as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Finally, our findings emphasize the significance of A. graveolens seeds as a promising reservoir of advantageous health compounds that can serve as organic substitutes for the presently employed synthetic preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hadi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Aziz Drioiche
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - El Moumen Bouchra
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Soukayna Baammi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, College of Computing, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | | | - Imane Tagnaout
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Mohamed Radi
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Fidaous Remok
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Amal Bouzoubaa
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Touriya Zair
- Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50070, Morocco; (N.H.); (E.M.B.); (I.T.); (M.R.); (F.R.); (A.B.)
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Sharma H, Yang H, Sharma N, An SSA. Neuroprotection by Anethum graveolens (Dill) Seeds and Its Phytocompounds in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Lines and Acellular Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7104. [PMID: 39000210 PMCID: PMC11241255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration diseases (NDs) are a group of complex diseases primarily characterized by progressive loss of neurons affecting mental function and movement. Oxidative stress is one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of NDs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). These reactive species disturb mitochondrial function and accelerate other undesirable conditions including tau phosphorylation, inflammation, and cell death. Therefore, preventing oxidative stress is one of the imperative methods in the treatment of NDs. To accomplish this, we prepared hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Anethum graveolens (dill) and identified the major phyto-components (apiol, carvone, and dihydrocarvone) by GC-MS. The extracts and major bioactives were assessed for neuroprotective potential and mechanism in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell model and other biochemical assays. The dill (extracts and bioactives) provided statistically significant neuroprotection from 0.1 to 30 µg/mL by mitigating ROS levels, restoring mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing lipid peroxidation, and reviving the glutathione ratio. They moderately inhibited acetylcholine esterase (IC50 dill extracts 400-500 µg/mL; carvone 275.7 µg/mL; apiole 388.3 µg/mL), displayed mild anti-Aβ1-42 fibrilization (DHC 26.6%) and good anti-oligomerization activity (>40% by dill-EA, carvone, and apiole). Such multifactorial neuroprotective displayed by dill and bioactives would help develop a safe, low-cost, and small-molecule drug for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Wu Y, Hussain SA, Luo M. Columbianadin ameliorates experimental acute reflux esophagitis in rats via suppression of NF-κB pathway. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e391824. [PMID: 38716957 PMCID: PMC11068366 DOI: 10.1590/acb391824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Reflux esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the esophagus, resulting from the backflow of stomach acid and other gastric contents into the esophagus. Columbianadin is a coumarin derivative that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we tried to scrutinize the protective effect of Columbianadin against acute reflux esophagitis in rats. METHODS RAW 264.7 cells were utilized to assess cell viability and measure the production of inflammatory parameters. The rats received anesthesia, and reflux esophagitis was induced via ligation of pylorus and fore stomach and corpus junction. Rats received the oral administration of Columbianadin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg). The gastric secretion volume, acidity, and pH were measured. Additionally, the levels of oxidative stress parameters, cytokines, and inflammatory markers were determined. At the end of the study, mRNA expression was assessed. RESULTS Columbianadin remarkably suppressed the cell viability and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and prostaglandin (PGE2). Columbianadin treatment remarkably suppressed the secretion of gastric volume, total acidity and enhanced the pH level in the stomach. Columbianadin remarkably altered the level of hydrogen peroxidase, free iron, calcium, and plasma scavenging activity, sulfhydryl group; oxidative stress parameters like malonaldehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase; inflammatory cytokines viz., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; inflammatory parameters including PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, and nuclear kappa B factor (NF-κB). Columbianadin remarkably (P < 0.001) suppressed the mRNA expression TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. CONCLUSIONS Columbianadin demonstrated a protective effect against acute reflux esophagitis via NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- The Second People’s Hospital of Shaanxi Province – Department of Gastroenterology – Xi ‘an, China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- King Saud University – College of Science – Department of Zoology – Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minghai Luo
- Ankang City Central Hospital – Department of Pediatric – AnKang, China
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Li X, Li C, Li C, Wu C, Bai Y, Zhao X, Bai Z, Zhang X, Xiao X, Niu M. A novel perspective on the preventive treatment of hydrazine compound-induced liver injury: Isoniazid liver injury as an example. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 315:116616. [PMID: 37182677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Anethum graveolens L. (dill), which has been used as a medicine, spice and aromatic plant since ancient times, is not only a traditional Chinese medicines but also an important medicinal and functional food in Europe and Central and South Asia. In ethnomedicine, dill reportedly exerts a protective effect on the liver and has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of jaundice in the liver and spleen and inflammatory gout diseases in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, studies have found that dill can regulate the NAT2 enzyme, and this plant was thus selected to study its alleviating effect on isoniazid liver injury. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of dill on alleviating liver injury induced by hydrazine compounds represented by isoniazid through the use of network pharmacology combined with in vivo and in vitro experimental verifications. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we screened the key targets of dill in the treatment of liver injury through the use of network pharmacology; we then performed GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses using the DAVID database. We also verified the alleviative and anti-inflammatory effects of dill on isoniazid liver injury in rats by animal experiments. We further investigated the modulating effect of dill on the enzymatic activity of NAT2, a common metabolizing enzyme of hydrazine compounds. RESULTS A total of 111 key targets were screened through network pharmacology. In vivo experiments showed that dill reduced the amount of inflammatory factors produced by isoniazid, such as IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, restored the levels of ALT, AST, r-GT, AKP and TBA in vivo, and attenuated isoniazid liver injury. Both in vivo and vitro results indicated that dill could regulate the expression of NAT2 enzymes. CONCLUSIONS The results tentatively demonstrate that dill can alleviate isoniazid liver injury through multiple components, targets and pathways and exerts a regulatory effect on the NAT2 enzyme, and these findings thus provide new ideas for subsequent studies on hydrazide liver injury--reducing the risk of hydrazide-induced liver injury through anti-inflammation and regulation of NAT2 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Chengxian Li
- Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Chenyi Li
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Chengzhao Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Yuxuan Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Xigang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Liver Disease, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 8 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Zhang ML, Ran LQ, Wu MJ, Jia QC, Qin ZM, Peng YG. NF-κB: A novel therapeutic pathway for gastroesophageal reflux disease? World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8436-8442. [PMID: 36157831 PMCID: PMC9453379 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i24.8436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a common chronic disease in clinical practice, has been widely studied, its potential adverse impact on patients is still a significant clinical concern. It is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and choose appropriate treatment according to its mechanism. The pathogenesis of GERD is diverse and complex. As the traditional treatment methods are expensive and ineffective in alleviating symptoms in some patients, new treatment options need to be explored. Our previous study suggested that the activation of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) in esophageal mucosa may be related to the injury of epithelial barrier function caused by reflux. Based on the literature and our previous study results, it is speculated that inhibition of NF-κB activation may block the insult of GERD on the esophageal mucosal barrier. NF-κB may play an important role in the development of GERD. This article reviews the pathogenesis of GERD and the relationship between NF-κB and GERD, in order to provide new strategies for the treatment of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Long-Qing Ran
- Department of Anesthesia, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610019, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wu
- Department of Anesthesia, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610019, China
| | - Qin-Chen Jia
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Qin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yong G Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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Siriyong T, Ontong JC, Khochitmet L, Naunklab P, Phungtammasan S, Chanwanitsakul S, Terbtothakun P, Voravuthikunchai SP. Successful treatment of refractory erythrodermic psoriasis with traditional Thai herbal medicine. Explore (NY) 2022; 19:396-404. [PMID: 35810121 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thai herbal formulations have been used traditionally in Thailand for the treatment of psoriasis. However, there is still a lack of scientific data supporting the effects of Thai herbal formulations in psoriasis treatment. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic effects of Thai herbal formulations for the treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All Thai herbal formulations (haematic tonic, lymphatic treatment, skin treatment) were obtained from a traditional Thai medicine doctor, Mr. Somporn Chanwanitsakul. The effects of Thai herbal formulations in a patient with erythrodermic psoriasis were assessed for four weeks. Primary outcome, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and secondary outcome, safety data and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) measurements were evaluated at baseline and four weeks. Then, in vitro biological activities (antioxidant, anti-microbial, cytotoxic effects, and anti-inflammatory) of Thai herbal formulations were determined to promote the therapeutic effects. RESULTS Thai herbal formulations were safe and effective in the treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis and had a modest positive impact on the DQLI of the patient. In addition, in vitro studies have shown that all Thai herbal formulations revealed remarkable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential to support their therapeutic activities. However, the Thai herbal formulations possessed weak intrinsic antibacterial activities against all tested bacterial strains (MIC and MBC E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa: > 256 µg/ml). CONCLUSION The findings indicated that successful treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis with Thai herbal formulations was involved in their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. They could be considered as an alternative treatment for refractory erythrodermic psoriasis.
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