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Efentakis P, Symeonidi L, Gianniou DD, Mikropoulou EV, Giardoglou P, Valakos D, Vatsellas G, Tsota M, Kostomitsopoulos N, Smyrnioudis I, Trougakos IP, Halabalaki M, Dedoussis GV, Andreadou I. Antihypertensive Potential of Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Nutrients 2024; 16:2152. [PMID: 38999899 PMCID: PMC11243328 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension poses a significant global health burden and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. Chios mastic gum (CMG), derived from Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, shows potential as a phytotherapeutic agent, due to its multifaceted beneficial effects. However, its anti-hypertensive effects and vascular, circulatory, and renal-related dysfunction, have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we aimed to explore the antihypertensive potential of CMG, focusing on vascular and renal endothelium, in vivo. Methods: Two models of hypertension in male rats, induced by Angiotensin II and Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-high-salt administration, were utilized. CMG was administered at 220 mg/kg daily for four weeks after hypertension onset and blood pressure was measured non-invasively. Whole blood RNA sequencing, metabolomics, real-time PCR, and Western blot analyses of kidney and aorta tissues were additionally performed. Results: CMG significantly lowered systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in both models. RNA sequencing revealed that CMG modulated immunity in the Angiotensin II model and metabolism in the DOCA-HS model. CMG downregulated genes related to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and upregulated endothelial markers such as Vegfa. Metabolomic analysis indicated improved endothelial homeostasis via lysophosphatidylinositol upregulation. Conclusions: CMG emerges as a potent natural antihypertensive therapy, demonstrating beneficial effects on blood pressure and renal endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (P.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Lydia Symeonidi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (P.E.); (L.S.)
| | - Despoina D. Gianniou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (D.D.G.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Eleni V. Mikropoulou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.V.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Panagiota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (P.G.); (M.T.); (G.V.D.)
| | - Dimitrios Valakos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (N.K.)
| | - Giannis Vatsellas
- Greek Genome Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Tsota
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (P.G.); (M.T.); (G.V.D.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.V.); (N.K.)
| | | | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; (D.D.G.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.V.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Georgios V. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (P.G.); (M.T.); (G.V.D.)
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Greece; (P.E.); (L.S.)
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Alabrahim OA, Azzazy HMES. Antimicrobial Activities of Pistacia lentiscus Essential Oils Nanoencapsulated into Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12622-12634. [PMID: 38524461 PMCID: PMC10955754 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The rising risks of food microbial contamination and foodborne pathogens resistance have prompted an increasing interest in natural antimicrobials as promising alternatives to synthetic antimicrobials. Essential oils (EOs) obtained from natural sources have shown promising anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. EOs extracted from the resins of Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia are widely utilized for the treatment of skin inflammations, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory infections, wound healing, and cancers. The therapeutic benefits of P. lentiscusessential oils (PO) are limited by their low solubility, poor bioavailability, and high volatility. Nanoencapsulation of PO can improve their physicochemical properties and consequently their therapeutic efficacy while overcoming their undesirable side effects. Hence, PO was extracted from the resins of P. lentiscusvia hydrodistillation. Then, PO was encapsulated into (2-hydroxypropyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) via freeze-drying. The obtained inclusion complexes (PO-ICs) appeared as round vesicles (22.62 to 63.19 nm) forming several agglomerations (180 to 350 nm), as detected by UHR-TEM, with remarkable entrapment efficiency (89.59 ± 1.47%) and a PDI of 0.1475 ± 0.0005. Furthermore, the encapsulation and stability of PO-ICs were confirmed via FE-SEM, 1H NMR, 2D HNMR (NOESY), FT-IR, UHR-TEM, and DSC. DSC revealed a higher thermal stability of the PO-ICs, reaching 351.0 °C. PO-ICs exerted substantial antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli as compared to free PO. PO-ICs showed significant enhancement in the antibacterial activity of the encapsulated PO against S. aureus with an MIC90 of 2.84 mg/mL and against P. aeruginosa with MIC90 of 3.62 mg/mL and MIC50 of 0.56 mg/mL. In addition, PO-ICs showed greater antimicrobial activity against E. coli by 6-fold with an MIC90 of 0.89 mg/mL, compared to free PO, which showed an MIC90 of 5.38 mg/mL. In conclusion, the encapsulation of PO into HPβCD enhanced its aqueous solubility, stability, and penetration ability, resulting in a significantly higher antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department
of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of
Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
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Alabrahim OAA, Azzazy HMES. Synergistic anticancer effect of Pistacia lentiscus essential oils and 5-Fluorouracil co-loaded onto biodegradable nanofibers against melanoma and breast cancer. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:27. [PMID: 38353827 PMCID: PMC10866856 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03962-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and severe toxicities represent major drawbacks of chemotherapy. Natural extracts, including the essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus (PLEO), exhibit substantial anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities where different cancers are reported to dramatically recess following targeting with PLEO. PLEO has promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the therapeutic properties of PLEO are restricted by limited stability, bioavailability, and targeting ability. PLEO nanoformulation can maximize their physicochemical and therapeutic properties, overcoming their shortcomings. Hence, PLEO was extracted and its chemical composition was determined by GC-MS. PLEO and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) were electrospun into poly-ε-caprolactone nanofibers (PCL-NFs), of 290.71 nm to 680.95 nm diameter, to investigate their anticancer and potential synergistic activities against triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and human skin melanoma cell line (A375). The prepared nanofibers (NFs) showed enhanced thermal stability and remarkable physical integrity and tensile strength. Biodegradability studies showed prolonged stability over 42 days, supporting the NFs use as a localized therapy of breast tissues (postmastectomy) or melanoma. Release studies revealed sustainable release behaviors over 168 h, with higher released amounts of 5FU and PLEO at pH 5.4, indicating higher targeting abilities towards cancer tissues. NFs loaded with PLEO showed strong antioxidant properties. Finally, NFs loaded with either PLEO or 5FU depicted greater anticancer activities compared to free compounds. The highest anticancer activities were observed with NFs co-loaded with PLEO and 5FU. The developed 5FU-PLEO-PCL-NFs hold potential as a local treatment of breast cancer tissues (post-mastectomy) and melanoma to minimize their possible recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaydah Abd Alkader Alabrahim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert Einstein Str. 9, Jena, Germany.
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Huang Y, Xu H, Ding M, Li J, Wang D, Li H, Sun M, Xia F, Bai H, Wang M, Mo M, Shi L. Screening of Rosemary Essential Oils with Different Phytochemicals for Antioxidant Capacity, Keratinocyte Cytotoxicity, and Anti-Proliferative Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020586. [PMID: 36677644 PMCID: PMC9865278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the demand for rosemary essential oils (REOs) in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries is increasing, and the abundant germplasm resources of rosemary provide more possibilities for functional applications. The REOs from six cultivars were selected to evaluate and compare their bioactivities. REOs have good cellular antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species, and the technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)-random forest multivariate model indicated that 'Dutch Mill' REO has the best antioxidant activity, which is closely related to its verbenone content. In addition, α-pinene-dominant REOs are more toxic to human keratinocytes, which is closely related to the content of α-pinene, as revealed by multivariate analyses. Moreover, anti-proliferative assays on six cancer cell lines showed that all REOs have a higher anti-proliferative ability against human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 and gastric epithelial cell line NCI-N87. Among them, 'Miss Jessopp's Upright' and 'Blue Lagoon' REOs exhibit more prominent anti-proliferative activity. Our study provides a reference value for exploring the application potential of different REOs by evaluating their differences in chemical composition and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heran Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering of Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Meiyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering of Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meiling Mo
- Sinno Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528451, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence:
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Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Loaded Liposomes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133988. [PMID: 35807229 PMCID: PMC9268459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a species that is widely known for its culinary and medicinal uses. The purpose of the present study consisted of the evaluation of the antiproliferative and antimicrobial effects of R. officinalis-loaded liposomes (L-R). Characterization of the liposomes was performed by establishing specific parameters. The load of the obtained liposomes was analyzed using an LC-MS method, and antiproliferative assays evaluated the cell viability on a liver adenocarcinoma cell line and on a human hepatic stellate cell line. Antimicrobial assays were performed by agar–well diffusion and by broth microdilution assays. The obtained liposomes showed high encapsulation efficiency, suitable particle size, and good stability. High amounts of caffeic (81.07 ± 0.76), chlorogenic (14.10 ± 0.12), carnosic (20.03 ± 0.16), rosmarinic (39.81 ± 0.35), and ellagic (880.02 ± 0.14) acids were found in their composition, together with other polyphenols. Viability and apoptosis assays showed an intense effect on the cancerous cell line and a totally different pattern on the normal cells, indicating a selective toxicity towards the cancerous ones and an anti-proliferative mechanism. Antimicrobial potential was noticed against all tested bacteria, with a better efficacy towards Gram-positive species. These results further confirm the biological activities of R. officinalis leaf extract, and proposes and characterizes novel delivery systems for their encapsulation, enhancing the biological activities of polyphenols, and overcoming their limitations.
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Tseng HC, Yang CY. Assessment of Ultrasonic Stress on Survival and β-Glucosidase Activity of Encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 in Fermentation of Black Soymilk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091234. [PMID: 35563956 PMCID: PMC9103103 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 within calcium alginate capsules was investigated by ultrasonic stimulation to induce the stress response of the bacteria for the biotransformation of isoflavones in black soymilk. The effects of various ultrasound durations, sodium alginate concentrations (% ALG), and cell suspensions on the β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated bacteria were explored. The β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 with ultrasonic stimulation (40 kHz/300 W) was greater than that without ultrasound. With 20 min of ultrasonic treatment, the β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 from 2% ALG/0.85% NaCl cell suspension was 11.47 U/mL at 12 h, then increased to 27.43 U/mL at 36 h and to 26.25 U/mL at 48 h in black soymilk at 37 °C, showing the high adaptation of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 encountering ultrasonic stress to release high β-glucosidase until 48 h, at which point the ratio of isoflavone aglycones (daidzein and genistein) in total isoflavones (daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) was 98.65%, reflecting the effective biotransformation of isoflavone glycosides into aglycones by β-glucosidase. In this study, the survivability and β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 were enhanced under ultrasonic stimulation, and were favorably used in the fermentation of black soymilk.
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