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Yang Z, Su C, Xu Z, Liu Y, Chen J, Wu X. Mechanistic and Functional Studies on the Microbial Induction of Wolfiporia cocos Liquid Fermentation Products. Foods 2024; 13:1578. [PMID: 38790878 PMCID: PMC11121235 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid fermentation is an efficient culture for obtaining polysaccharides from edible mushrooms. In this study, the polysaccharide content and biomass were examined by introducing microorganisms into the Wolfiporia cocos fermentation system. Three edible mushroom co-fermentation systems were established, among which the Wolfiporia cocos-Ganoderma lucidum co-fermentation system significantly increased the mycelial biomass of the system by 57.71% compared to Wolfiporia cocos alone and 91.22% compared to Ganoderma lucidum alone, and the intracellular polysaccharide content was significantly increased. Physiological activities of polysaccharides showed that mycelial polysaccharides in the Wolfiporia cocos-Ganoderma lucidum system had stronger anti-tumor cell value-adding and anti-tumor cell migration activities compared with Wolfiporia cocos and Ganoderma lucidum fermentation alone. The transcriptomic study of Wolfiporia cocos mycelium induced by exogenous substances suggested that the exogenous substances could enhance the intracellular polysaccharide content of Wolfiporia cocos through the upregulation of the expression of α-glycosyltransferase encoded by ALG10 and the downregulation of α-glycosidases encoded by MAN1B in the glycolytic metabolism of Wolfiporia cocos. This study provides a new direction for the transformation of polysaccharides from Wolfiporia cocos and Ganoderma lucidum into functional foods and new product development, and provides an experimental basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoping Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.Y.); (C.S.); (Z.X.); (Y.L.); (J.C.)
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Ng CYJ, Lai NPY, Ng WM, Siah KTH, Gan RY, Zhong LLD. Chemical structures, extraction and analysis technologies, and bioactivities of edible fungal polysaccharides from Poria cocos: An updated review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129555. [PMID: 38278384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Poria cocos is a popular medicinal food. Polysaccharides are the key component of Poria cocos, forming 70-90 % of the dry sclerotia mass. Recent studies indicate that Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCP-Cs) have multiple beneficial functions and applications. A literature search was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. For this review, we provided an updated research progress in chemical structures, various extraction and analysis technologies, bioactivities of PCP-Cs, and insights into the directions for future research. The main polysaccharides identified in Poria cocos are water-soluble polysaccharides and acidic polysaccharides. Hot water, alkali, supercritical fluid, ultrasonic, enzyme, and deep eutectic solvent-based methods are the most common methods for PCP-Cs extraction. Technologies such as near-infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, are commonly used to evaluate the qualities of PCP-Cs. In addition, PCP-Cs have antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroregulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and gut microbiota regulatory properties. Future research is needed to focus on scaling up extraction, enhancing quality control, elucidating mechanisms of bioactivities, and the utilisation of PCP-Cs in food industries. Overall, Poria cocos is a good source of edible fungi polysaccharides, which can be developed into functional foods with potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Poh Yee Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Wen Min Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Linda L D Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore.
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Zhang L, Zhang C, Li W, Li L, Zhang P, Zhu C, Ding Y, Sun H. Rapid Indentification of Auramine O Dyeing Adulteration in Dendrobium officinale, Saffron and Curcuma by SERS Raman Spectroscopy Combined with SSA-BP Neural Networks Model. Foods 2023; 12:4124. [PMID: 38002182 PMCID: PMC10670709 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Rapid and accurate determination of the content of the chemical dye Auramine O(AO) in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is critical for controlling the quality of TCMs. (2) Methods: Firstly, various models were developed to detect AO content in Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale). Then, the detection of AO content in Saffron and Curcuma using the D. officinale training set as a calibration model. Finally, Saffron and Curcuma samples were added to the training set of D. officinale to predict the AO content in Saffron and Curcuma using secondary wavelength screening. (3) Results: The results show that the sparrow search algorithm (SSA)-backpropagation (BP) neural network (SSA-BP) model can accurately predict AO content in D. officinale, with Rp2 = 0.962, and RMSEP = 0.080 mg/mL. Some Curcuma samples and Saffron samples were added to the training set and after the secondary feature wavelength screening: The Support Vector Machines (SVM) quantitative model predicted Rp2 fluctuated in the range of 0.780 ± 0.035 for the content of AO in Saffron when 579, 781, 1195, 1363, 1440, 1553 and 1657 cm-1 were selected as characteristic wavelengths; the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) model predicted Rp2 fluctuated in the range of 0.500 ± 0.035 for the content of AO in Curcuma when 579, 811, 1195, 1353, 1440, 1553 and 1635 cm-1 were selected as the characteristic wavelengths. The robustness and generalization performance of the model were improved. (4) Conclusion: In this study, it has been discovered that the combination of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and machine learning algorithms can effectively and promptly detect the content of AO in various types of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Liang Li
- Agricultural Technology and Soil Fertilizer General Station, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding 626000, China; (L.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Agricultural Technology and Soil Fertilizer General Station, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding 626000, China; (L.L.); (P.Z.)
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Yanfei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Products Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (L.Z.); (C.Z.); (W.L.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hongwei Sun
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310083, China
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Bai C, Su F, Zhang W, Kuang H. A Systematic Review on the Research Progress on Polysaccharides from Fungal Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules 2023; 28:6816. [PMID: 37836659 PMCID: PMC10574063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a class of natural drugs with multiple components and significant therapeutic effects through multiple targets. It also originates from a wide range of sources containing plants, animals and minerals, and among them, plant-based Chinese medicine also includes fungi. Fungal traditional Chinese medicine is a medicinal resource with a long history and widespread application in China. Accumulating evidence confirms that polysaccharide is the main pharmacodynamic material on which fungal TCM is based. The purpose of the current systematic review is to summarize the extraction, isolation, structural identification, biological functions, quality control and medicinal and edible applications of polysaccharides from fungal TCM in the past three years. This paper will supplement and deepen the understanding and application of polysaccharides from fungal TCM, and propose some valuable insights for further research and development of drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; (C.B.); (F.S.); (W.Z.)
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Liu X, Zhong C, Xie J, Liu H, Xie Z, Zhang S, Jin J. Geographical region traceability of Poria cocos and correlation between environmental factors and biomarkers based on a metabolomic approach. Food Chem 2023; 417:135817. [PMID: 36905692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The edible values of P. cocos from different origins vary significantly, therefore, it is important to investigate the traceability of geographical regions and identify the geographical biomarkers of P. cocos. The metabolites of P. cocos of the different geographical origins were assessed using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The OPLS-DA could clearly discriminate the metabolites of P. cocos from the three cultivation regions (YN, Yunnan; AH, Anhui; JZ, Hunan). Finally, three carbohydrates, four amino acids, and four triterpenoids were selected as biomarkers for P. cocos origin tracing. Correlation matrix analysis revealed that the contents of biomarkers were closely related to geographical origin. Altitude, temperature, and soil fertility were the main factors responsible for the differences in biomarker profiles in P. cocos. The metabolomics approach provides an effective strategy for tracing and identifying the biomarkers of P. cocos from different geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhenni Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
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Zhou X, Zhong C, Xie J, Jin J, Shen B, Chen L, Liu H, Zhang S. Optimization of the Solid-State Culture Conditions and Chemical Component Analysis of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:65-80. [PMID: 37947065 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The optimal cultivation conditions and chemical components of Poria cocos fruiting bodies were examined by employing the single factor and response surface methods to screen for optimal conditions for artificial cultivation. The differences in chemical composition among the fruiting bodies, fermented mycelium, and sclerotia of P. cocos were compared using UV spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal growth conditions for P. cocos fruiting bodies were 28.5°C temperature, 60% light intensity, and 2.5 g pine sawdust, which resulted in the production of numerous basidiocarps and basidiospores under microscopic examination. Polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and other main active components of P. cocos were found in the fruiting bodies, sclerotia, and fermented mycelium. The triterpenoid components of the fruiting bodies were consistent with those of the sclerotia. The content of pachymic acid in the fruiting bodies was significantly higher than that in the sclerotia, with a value of 33.37 ± 0.1902 mg/g. These findings provide novel insights into the sexual breeding and comprehensive development and utilization of P. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Can Zhong
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Shen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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