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Ma J, Ren W, Dai S, Wang H, Chen S, Song J, Jia J, Chen H, Tan C, Sui Y, Teng Y, Luo Y. Spatial distribution and ecological-health risks associated with herbicides in soils and crop kernels of the black soil region in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168439. [PMID: 37949128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides are vital inputs for food production; however, their associated risks and hazards are pressing concerns. In black soil, the cumulative toxic effects of compound herbicides and potential risks to humans are not yet fully understood. Thus, this study conducted a comprehensive investigation to assess herbicide residue characteristics and the associated ecological health risks in representative black soil regions where major food crops (maize, soybean, and rice) are cultivated. Findings revealed that the soil harbored a collective presence of 29 herbicides, exhibiting total concentrations ranging from 111.92 to 996.14 μg/kg dry weight (dw). This can be attributed to the extensive use of herbicides over the years and their long half-lives, which results in the accumulation of multiple herbicide residues in the soil. Similarly, the total herbicide levels in maize, soybean, and rice kernels were 1173-61,564, 1721-9342, and 3775-8094 ng/kg dw, respectively. Multiple herbicide residues at all monitored sites were attributed to continuous crop barriers in soybean fields and the adoption of soybean and maize crop rotations. Notably, herbicides pose ecological risks in the black soil region, exhibiting high-risk levels of 79 %, 24 %, and 14 % at the sites monitored for oxyfluorfen, clomazone, and butachlor, respectively. Carcinogenic atrazine exhibited low- and medium-risk levels in 34 % and 63 % of soil samples, respectively. These results can serve as a scientific basis for establishing herbicide residue thresholds in agricultural soils within black soil areas and for implementing effective control measures to prevent herbicide contamination in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Materials and Chemistry, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shixiang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Sensen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiayin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Junfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changyin Tan
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yueyu Sui
- Hailun Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hailun 152300, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Monitoring & Restoration Project on Land(Arable), Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Giglio A, Vommaro ML. Dinitroaniline herbicides: a comprehensive review of toxicity and side effects on animal non-target organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76687-76711. [PMID: 36175724 PMCID: PMC9581837 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of herbicides has increased concern about the hazards and risks to animals living in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. A comprehensive understanding of their effective action at different levels of biological organization is critical for establishing guidelines to protect ecosystems and human health. Dinitroanilines are broad-spectrum pre-emergence herbicides currently used for weed control in the conventional agriculture. They are considered extremely safe agrochemicals because they act specifically on tubulin proteins and inhibit shoot and root growth of plants. However, there is a lack of toxicity information regarding the potential risk of exposure to non-target organisms. The aim of the present review is to focus on side effects of the most commonly used active ingredients, e.g. pendimethalin, oryzalin, trifluralin and benfluralin, on animal non-target cells of invertebrates and vertebrates. Acute toxicity varies from slightly to high in terrestrial and aquatic species (i.e. nematodes, earthworms, snails, insects, crustaceans, fish and mammals) depending on the species-specific ability of tested organisms to adsorb and discharge toxicants. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and activation of oxidative stress pathways as well as alterations of physiological, metabolic, morphological, developmental and behavioural traits, reviewed here, indicate that exposure to sublethal concentrations of active ingredients poses a clear hazard to animals and humans. Further research is required to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of action of these herbicides in the animal cell and on biological functions at multiple levels, from organisms to communities, including the effects of commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Giglio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, via Bucci, 87036, Rende, Italy.
| | - Maria Luigia Vommaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, via Bucci, 87036, Rende, Italy
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