Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Naringin–Silk Fibroin–Alginate Microspheres and Application in Yogurt

A sustainable and efficient strategy for bioconverting naringin to L-rhamnose, 2R-naringenin, and kaempferol

The development of a sustainable and efficient bioconversion strategy is crucial for the full-component utilization of naringin. In this study, an engineering Pichia pastoris co-culture system was developed to produce L-rhamnose and 2S/2R-naringenin. By optimizing transformation conditions, the co-culture system could completely convert naringin while fully consuming glucose. The production of 2S/2R-naringenin reached 59.5 mM with a molar conversion of 99.2%, and L-rhamnose reached 59.1 mM with a molar conversion of 98.5%. In addition, an engineering Escherichia coli co-culture system was developed to produce 2R-naringenin and kaempferol from 2S/2R-naringenin. Maximal kaempferol production reached 1050 mg/L with a corresponding molar conversion of 99.0%, and 996 mg/L 2R-naringenin was accumulated. Finally, a total of 17.4 g 2R-naringenin, 18.0 g kaempferol, and 26.1 g L-rhamnose were prepared from 100 g naringin. Thus, this study provides a novel strategy for the production of value-added compounds from naringin with an environmentally safe process.

Recent advances of silk fibroin materials: From molecular modification and matrix enhancement to possible encapsulation-related functional food applications

Silk fibroin materials are emergingly explored for food applications due to their inherent properties including safe oral consumption, biocompatibility, gelatinization, antioxidant performance, and mechanical properties. However, silk fibroin possesses drawbacks like brittleness owing to its inherent specific composition and structure, which limit their applications in this field. This review discusses current progress about molecular modification methods on silk fibroin such as extraction, blending, self-assembly, enzymatic catalysis, etc., to address these limitations and improve their physical/chemical properties. It also summarizes matrix enhancement strategies including freeze drying, spray drying, electrospinning/electrospraying, microfluidic spinning/wheel spinning, desolvation and supercritical fluid, to generate nano-, submicron-, micron-, or bulk-scale materials. It finally highlights the food applications of silk fibroin materials, including nutraceutical improvement, emulsions, enzyme immobilization and 3D/4D printing. This review also provides insights on potential opportunities (like safe modification, toxicity risk evaluation, and digestion conditions) and possibilities (like digital additive manufacturing) in functional food industry.

Phytochemical Properties, Extraction, and Pharmacological Benefits of Naringin: A Review

This review describes the various innovative approaches implemented for naringin extraction as well as the recent developments in the field. Naringin was assessed in terms of its structure, chemical composition, and potential food sources. How naringin works pharmacologically was discussed, including its potential as an anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective substance. Citrus flavonoids are crucial herbal additives that have a huge spectrum of organic activities. Naringin is a nutritional flavanone glycoside that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of a few chronic disorders associated with ageing. Citrus fruits contain a common flavone glycoside that has specific pharmacological and biological properties. Naringin, a flavone glycoside with a range of intriguing characteristics, is abundant in citrus fruits. Naringin has been shown to have a variety of biological, medicinal, and pharmacological effects. Naringin is hydrolyzed into rhamnose and prunin by the naringinase, which also possesses l-rhamnosidase activity. D-glucosidase subsequently catalyzes the hydrolysis of prunin into glucose and naringenin. Naringin is known for having anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tumor-fighting effects. Numerous test animals and cell lines have been used to correlate naringin exposure to asthma, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cancer, hyperthyroidism, and osteoporosis. This study focused on the many documented actions of naringin in in-vitro and in-vivo experimental and preclinical investigations, as well as its prospective therapeutic advantages, utilizing the information that is presently accessible in the literature. In addition to its pharmacokinetic characteristics, naringin's structure, distribution, different extraction methods, and potential use in the cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and animal feed sectors were discussed.

Controlled released naringin-loaded liposome/sucrose acetate isobutyrate hybrid depot for osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo

Introduction: A common problem in bone tissue engineering is that the burst release of active osteogenic factors is not beneficial for osteogenesis. This study aimed to prepare naringin (Ng) liposomes to reduce the burst release of Ng and improve new bone formation. Methods: We synthesized Ng liposomes using the thin-film hydration method. Drug-encapsulation efficacy experiments were conducted using the ultracentrifugation technique. The morphology and size distributions of freezedried liposomes were determined by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The Ng liposomes and Ng-lipo/sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) depots were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in vitro release studies. After implantation of the Ng-lipo/SAIB depots, in vitro osteoblast-liposome interactions and in vivo osteogenesis were tested. Results: The formulation of freeze-dried Ng liposomes via an optimized recipe yielded nanosized (136.9 nm) negatively charged particles with a high encapsulation efficiency (~76.3%). Their chemical structure did not change after adding SAIB to the Ng liposomes. The burst release was reduced dramatically from 74.4% to 23.7%. In vivo, after 8 weeks, the new bone formation rate in the calvarial defects of Sprague-Dawley rats receiving Ng-lipo/SAIB was 57% compared with 25.18% in the control group (p = .0003). Discussion: Our results suggested that Ng-lipo/SAIB hybrid depots could serve as candidate materials for drug delivery in bone regeneration applications.