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Liu Q, Huang W, Sheng C, Wu Y, Lu M, Li T, Zhang J, Wei Y, Wang Y, Ning J. Contribution of tea stems to large-leaf yellow tea aroma. Food Chem 2024; 460:140472. [PMID: 39032306 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Large-leaf yellow tea (LYT) is processed from both leaves and stems, resulting in a distinctive rice crust-like aroma. Tea stems may contribute differently to the aroma of LYT than leaves. This study aimed to clarify the specific contribution of stems to LYT. The volatile compounds in different components of LYT were extracted and analyzed using a combination of headspace solid-phase microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with gas chromatography-olfactory-mass spectrometry. The results revealed high concentrations of compounds with roasty attributes in stems such as 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (OAV 153-208) and 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine (OAV 111-140). Aroma recombination and addition experiments confirmed that the roasty aroma provided by stems plays a pivotal role in the formation of the distinctive flavor of LYT. This study offers novel insights into the contribution of stems to the aroma of LYT, which can be used for processing and quality enhancement of roasted tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Caiyan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingxia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tiehan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jingming Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China.; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, China..
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Yang H, Jia X, Gao T, Gong S, Xia L, Zhang P, Qi Y, Liu S, Yu Y, Wang W. The CsmiR397a- CsLAC17 module regulates lignin biosynthesis to balance the tenderness and gray blight resistance in young tea shoots. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae085. [PMID: 38799128 PMCID: PMC11116903 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lignin accumulation can enhance the disease resistance of young tea shoots (Camellia sinensis). It also greatly reduces their tenderness, which indirectly affects the quality and yield of tea. Therefore, the regulation of lignin biosynthesis appears to be an effective way to balance tenderness and disease resistance in young tea shoots. In this study, we identified a laccase gene, CsLAC17, that is induced during tenderness reduction and gray blight infection in young tea shoots. Overexpression of CsLAC17 significantly increased the lignin content in transgenic Arabidopsis, enhancing their resistance to gray blight and decreasing stem tenderness. In addition, we found that CsLAC17 was negatively regulated by the upstream CsmiR397a by 5'-RLM-RACE, dual-luciferase assay, and transient expression in young tea shoots. Interestingly, the expression of CsmiR397a was inhibited during tenderness reduction and gray blight infection of young tea shoots. Overexpression of CsmiR397a reduced lignin accumulation, resulting in decreased resistance to gray blight and increased stem tenderness in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of CsmiR397a and CsLAC17 in tea leaves directly confirms the function of the CsmiR397a-CsLAC17 module in lignin biosynthesis and its effect on disease resistance. These results suggest that the CsmiR397a-CsLAC17 module is involved in balancing tenderness and gray blight resistance in young tea shoots by regulating lignin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyue Jia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linxuan Xia
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuying Qi
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Wang X, He C, Cui L, Liu Z, Liang J. Effects of Different Expansion Temperatures on the Non-Volatile Qualities of Tea Stems. Foods 2024; 13:398. [PMID: 38338533 PMCID: PMC10855559 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea stems are a type of tea by-product, and a considerable amount of them is discarded during picking, with their value often being overlooked. To enhance the utilization of tea stems, we investigated the effects of different expansion temperatures on the non-volatile compounds of tea stems. The results showed that the contents of EC, EGC, EGCG, tea polyphenols, and amino acids all decreased with the expansion temperature, while the contents of GA and C increased. The best effect was observed at 220 °C for 20 s. Additionally, as the temperature increased, the umami and aftertaste of astringency values of tea stems decreased, and the value of bitterness increased. Meanwhile, the value of sweetness decreased first and then increased. EGC was identified as the key differential compound of tea stems at different temperatures. In this investigation, determining the optimum expansion temperature was deemed advantageous for enhancing the flavor quality of tea stems, consequently elevating the utilization efficacy of tea stems and tea by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Changxu He
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Leyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhengquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Agricultural Product Fine Processing and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Engineering Research Center for High Value Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Products, College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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