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Li X, Wang H, Abdelrahman H, Kelly A, Roy L, Wang L. Profiling and source tracking of the microbial populations and resistome present in fish products. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110591. [PMID: 38306774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms in processing environments significantly impact the quality and safety of food products and can serve as potential reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant genes, contributing to public health concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Fish processing plants represent an understudied environment for microbiome mapping. This study investigated the microbial composition, prevalence of Listeria spp., and resistome structures in three catfish processing facilities in the southeastern United States. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the observed richness and Shannon diversity index increased significantly from fish to fillet. Beta diversity analysis showed distinct clustering of microbial communities between fish, environment, and fillet samples. Fast expectation-maximization microbial source tracking (FEAST) algorithm demonstrated that the microbiota presents in the processing environment contributed 48.2 %, 62.4 %, and 53.7 % to the microbiota present on fillet in Facility 1 (F1), F2, and F3, respectively. Food contact surfaces made larger contributions compared to the non-food contact surfaces. The linear discriminant analysis of effect size (LEfSe) identified specific microbial genera (e.g., Plesiomohas, Brochothrix, Chryseobacterium and Cetobacterium) that significantly varied between Listeria spp. positive and negative samples in all three processing plants. The metagenomic sequencing results identified 212 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) belonging to 72 groups from the raw fish and fish fillet samples collected from three processing plants. Although there was a significant decrease in the overall diversity of ARGs from fish to fillet samples, the total abundance of ARGs did not change significantly (P > 0.05). ARGs associated with resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), cationic antimicrobial peptides, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams were found to be enriched in the fillet samples when compared to fish samples. Results of this study highlight the profound impact of processing environment on shaping the microbial populations present on the final fish product and the need for additional strategies to mitigate AMR in fish products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiran Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Hongye Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Hisham Abdelrahman
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, United States; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 3684, United States
| | - Anita Kelly
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, United States; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 3684, United States
| | - Luke Roy
- Alabama Fish Farming Center, Greensboro, AL 36744, United States; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture & Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 3684, United States
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Kim C, Goodwyn B, Albukhaytan S, Nartea T, Ndegwa E, Dhakal R. Microbiological Survey and Antimicrobial Resistance of Foodborne Bacteria in Select Meat Products and Ethnic Food Products Procured from Food Desert Retail Outlets in Central Virginia, USA. Pathogens 2023; 12:965. [PMID: 37513812 PMCID: PMC10385447 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In food desert areas, low-income households without convenient transportation often shop at small, independently owned corner markets and convenience stores (SIOMs). Studies indicate a higher potential for reduced product quality and safety of foods sold at SIOMs, with more critical and non-critical code violations in the region. This study aimed to assess the difference in market scale on the microbiological quality in select food products procured from food deserts in Central Virginia. A total of 326 samples consisting of meat products (i.e., ground beef, chicken, and sausage), ethnic food products (i.e., ox tail, stock fish bite, egusi ground, and saffron powder), and food packaging surfaces procured from ten registered SIOMs and nine large chain supermarkets (LCSMs) between August 2018 and March 2020 were evaluated. Higher levels of aerobic mesophile and coliform counts were found in SIOMs-acquired samples than in LCSMs-acquired samples, as demonstrated by the lower food safety compliance rate of SIOMs. Regardless of SIOMs or LCSMs, Campylobacter, E. coli, Listeria, and Salmonella were detected in 3.6%, 20.9%, 5.5%, and 2.7% of samples, respectively. The majorities of Campylobacter (75%, 6/8) and Salmonella (83.3%, 5/6) detected were from SIOMs-acquired samples including ethnic food products. Among the tested antimicrobials, AMP (100%) and TOB (100%) showed the highest frequency of resistance among Campylobacter, TCY (69.9%) among E. coli, NAL (100%) among Listeria, and TCY (50%) among Salmonella, respectively. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) and non-susceptibility in Campylobacter and non-susceptibility in Listeria isolated from SIOMs-acquired food products were lower than those isolated from LCSMs-acquired samples. A higher price of the same brand name commodity sold at SIOMs than those sold at LCSMs was also observed, indicating an increased financial burden to economically challenged residents in food desert areas, in addition to food safety concerns. Elaborated and in-depth research on a larger-scale sample size with a greater diversity of products is needed to determine and intervene in the cause(s) of the observed differences in the prevalence of the pathogens and AMR profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyer Kim
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Brian Goodwyn
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA
| | - Sakinah Albukhaytan
- AlAhsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Hofuf 36421, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Theresa Nartea
- Cooperative Extension, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Eunice Ndegwa
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Ramesh Dhakal
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden Drive, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
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Mohamed EFE, Hafez AESE, Seadawy HG, Elrefai MFM, Abdallah K, El Bayomi RM, Mansour AT, Bendary MM, Izmirly AM, Baothman BK, Alwutayd KM, Mahmoud AFA. Irradiation as a Promising Technology to Improve Bacteriological and Physicochemical Quality of Fish. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1105. [PMID: 37317079 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish is an excellent source of protein and other essential minerals and vitamins; nevertheless, several food-borne disease outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of different types of fish. Therefore, we aimed to overcome these health threats by evaluating gamma radiation as a good fish preservation method. The aerobic plate count (APC), identification of most common pathogenic bacteria, organoleptic properties, proximate composition, and other chemical evaluations were detected in both untreated and gamma-treated fish. The overall grades of organoleptic evaluations ranged from good to very good. Fortunately, the overall chemical analysis of all examined fish samples was accepted. For the untreated fish samples, the APC was within and above the permissible limit (5 × 107 CFU/g). Pathogenic bacteria were detected with a high prevalence rate, especially S. aureus, which was found in high percentages among examined untreated fish samples. Regarding the treated fish samples, APC and pathogenic bacterial counts were reduced in a dose-dependent manner, and the irradiation at dose 5 KGy resulted in complete eradication of the aerobic plate count (not detectable) with a mean reduction percentage equal to 100%. However, gamma irradiation has no significant effect on proximate composition; particularly, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were not significantly affected by low and medium doses of radiation. Therefore, gamma irradiation is a highly effective fish preservation method without any effect on fish quality. Additionally, gamma irradiation as a cold process is an attractive technology for solving the problem arising from fish-borne pathogens, and it has been purposed in this study as a cheap and safe method for reducing microbial contamination of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman F E Mohamed
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Salam E Hafez
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hanan G Seadawy
- Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza 3751254, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F M Elrefai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Karima Abdallah
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El Bayomi
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Bendary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Izmirly
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar K Baothman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah F A Mahmoud
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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