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Li Y, Wu Y, Li C. Development of CO 2-sensitive antimicrobial bilayer films based on gellan gum and sodium alginate/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and its application in strawberries. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130572. [PMID: 38447825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
To effectively extend the shelf life of fruits meanwhile facilitating consumers to judge their freshness, in this work, a double-layer multifunctional film combining CO2 sensitivity and antibacterial properties was successfully prepared by adding methyl red (MR), bromothymol blue (BTB) into gellan gum (GG) as the sensing inner layer, and doping tannic acid (TA) into sodium alginate with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the antimicrobial outer layer, which was applied to the freshness indication of strawberries. Microscopic morphology and spectral analysis demonstrated that the bi-layer films were fabricated successfully. The mechanical characteristics, thermal stability, water vapor resistance, and antibacterial capabilities of the bilayer films improved as TA concentration rose. They exhibited noticeable color changes at pH = 2-10 and different concentrations of CO2. Application of the prepared films to strawberries revealed that the GG-MB@SC-6%TA film performed most favorably under 4 °C storage conditions, not only monitoring strawberry freshness but also retaining high soluble solids and titratable acidity, resulting in a slight decrease in hardness and weight loss. Therefore, taking into account all of the physical-functional characteristics, the GG-MB@6%TA film has a broad application prospect for intelligent food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Home and Art Design, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yanglin Wu
- College of Home and Art Design, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Chunwei Li
- College of Home and Art Design, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Chen Y, Wang S, Yang C, Zhang L, Li Z, Jiang S, Bai R, Ye X, Ding W. Chitosan/konjac glucomannan bilayer films: Physical, structural, and thermal properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128660. [PMID: 38065457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of chitosan (CS) and konjac glucomannan (KGM), the bilayer films of CS and KGM were prepared by layer-by-layer (LBL) casting method, and the effects of different mass ratios (i.e., C5: K0, C4:K1, C3:K2, C1:K1, C2:K3, C1:K4, and C0:K5) on the microstructures and physicochemical properties of bilayer films were examined to evaluate their applicability in food packaging. The results revealed that the bilayer films had uniform microstructures. When compared with pure films, the bilayer films displayed lower swelling degrees and water vapor permeability. However, the tensile tests revealed a reduction in the mechanical properties of the bilayer films, which was nonetheless superior to that of the pure KGM film. In addition, the intermolecular interactions between the CS and KGM layers were observed through FTIR and XRD analyses. Finally, TGA and DSC analyses demonstrated a decrease in the thermal stability of the bilayer films. Our cumulative results verified that CS-KGM bilayer films may be a promising material for use in food packaging and further properties of the bilayer films can be supplemented in the future through layer-by-layer modification and the addition of active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Siying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Linlu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shengqi Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rong Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wu Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Zhang Z, Tang H, Cai K, Liang R, Tong L, Ou C. A Novel Indicator Based on Polyacrylamide Hydrogel and Bromocresol Green for Monitoring the Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen of Fish. Foods 2023; 12:3964. [PMID: 37959082 PMCID: PMC10650302 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An intelligent indicator was developed by immobilizing bromocresol green (BCG) within the polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel matrix to monitor the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content of fish. The FTIR analysis indicated that BCG was effectively incorporated into the PAAm through the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. A thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the PAAm/BCG indicator had a mere 0.0074% acrylamide monomer residue, meanwhile, the addition of BCG improved the thermal stability of the indicator. In vapor tests with various concentrations of trimethylamine, the indicator performed similarly at both 4 °C and 25 °C. The total color difference values (ΔE) exhibited a significant linear response to TVB-N levels ranging from 4.29 to 30.80 mg/100 g at 4 °C (R2 = 0.98). Therefore, the PAAm/BCG indicator demonstrated stable and sensitive color changes based on pH variations and could be employed in smart packaging for real-time assessment of fish freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhepeng Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (R.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Haiqing Tang
- Faculty of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Keyan Cai
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (R.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Ruiping Liang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (R.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Li Tong
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (R.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Changrong Ou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (Z.Z.); (K.C.); (R.L.); (L.T.)
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