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Zhang D, Chu M, Ge Q, Yan P, Bao P, Ma X, Guo X, Liang C, Wu X. Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, and Meat Quality of Jersey Cattle-Yaks. Foods 2024; 13:2527. [PMID: 39200454 PMCID: PMC11353477 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy feed can provide animals with balanced nutrition, thereby enhancing their growth performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels on the growth performance, serum metabolites, and meat quality of Jersey cattle-yaks. A total of 24 male Jersey cattle-yaks were randomly divided into three groups. Each group was fed diets with metabolizable energy levels of 8.21 MJ/kg (LE), 9.50 MJ/kg (ME), and 10.65 MJ/kg (HE), respectively. The HE and ME groups showed significantly higher final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency compared to the LE group (p < 0.05). The glucose (GLU) and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations were significantly increased in the serum of the ME and HE groups (p < 0.05). The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly higher in the serum of the HE group than in the ME group (p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels exhibited a significant decrease with increasing metabolizable energy levels in the diet (p < 0.05). Increasing dietary energy levels enhances the eye muscle area and intramuscular fat content of Jersey cattle-yaks (p < 0.05), with no effect on pH45 min, pH24 h, and shear force. In the HE group, the levels of heneicosanoic acid (C21:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), elaidic acid (C18:1n9t), and eicosadienoic acid (C20:2n6) were notably elevated (p < 0.05) when compared to the LE group. We concluded that a higher dietary energy level enhanced the growth performance and meat quality traits of male Jersey cattle-yaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Qianyun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
- Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (D.Z.); (M.C.); (Q.G.); (P.Y.); (P.B.); (X.M.); (X.G.); (C.L.)
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Erena T, Belay A, Hailu D, Asefa BG, Geleta M, Deme T. Modeling of Ethiopian Beef Meat Marbling Score Using Image Processing for Rapid Meat Grading. J Imaging 2024; 10:130. [PMID: 38921607 PMCID: PMC11204838 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging10060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat characterized by a high marbling value is typically anticipated to display enhanced sensory attributes. This study aimed to predict the marbling scores of rib-eye, steaks sourced from the Longissimus dorsi muscle of different cattle types, namely Boran, Senga, and Sheko, by employing digital image processing and machine-learning algorithms. Marbling was analyzed using digital image processing coupled with an extreme gradient boosting (GBoost) machine learning algorithm. Meat texture was assessed using a universal texture analyzer. Sensory characteristics of beef were evaluated through quantitative descriptive analysis with a trained panel of twenty. Using selected image features from digital image processing, the marbling score was predicted with R2 (prediction) = 0.83. Boran cattle had the highest fat content in sirloin and chuck cuts (12.68% and 12.40%, respectively), followed by Senga (11.59% and 11.56%) and Sheko (11.40% and 11.17%). Tenderness scores for sirloin and chuck cuts differed among the three breeds: Boran (7.06 ± 2.75 and 3.81 ± 2.24, respectively), Senga (5.54 ± 1.90 and 5.25 ± 2.47), and Sheko (5.43 ± 2.76 and 6.33 ± 2.28 Nmm). Sheko and Senga had similar sensory attributes. Marbling scores were higher in Boran (4.28 ± 1.43 and 3.68 ± 1.21) and Senga (2.88 ± 0.69 and 2.83 ± 0.98) compared to Sheko (2.73 ± 1.28 and 2.90 ± 1.52). The study achieved a remarkable milestone in developing a digital tool for predicting marbling scores of Ethiopian beef breeds. Furthermore, the relationship between quality attributes and beef marbling score has been verified. After further validation, the output of this research can be utilized in the meat industry and quality control authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Erena
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Bioprocessing and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (D.H.)
| | - Abera Belay
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Bioprocessing and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (D.H.)
| | - Demelash Hailu
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Bioprocessing and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (D.H.)
| | - Bezuayehu Gutema Asefa
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 64, Ethiopia;
| | - Mulatu Geleta
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 14, P.O. Box 101, SE 23053 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Tesfaye Deme
- Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Bioprocessing and Biotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia; (T.E.); (D.H.)
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Rodrigues LS, da Silva JAR, Lourenço-Júnior JDB, Maciel e Silva AG, Rodrigues TCGDC, da Silva WC, da Silva TC, de Castro VCG, Alfaia CM, de Almeida AM, Prates JAM. Evaluation of the Composition of the Cholesterol, Tocopherols, β-Carotene and Fatty Acids Profile of the Liver Tissue of Male Water Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis) Managed in Different Ecosystems of the Eastern Amazon. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3785. [PMID: 38136822 PMCID: PMC10740842 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The diet offered to animals has a great influence on the composition of tissues and, consequently, the quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Amazonian ecosystems, in the dry and rainy periods of the year, on the composition of cholesterol, tocopherols, β-carotene and the fatty acid profile of the livers of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) reared in the Eastern Amazon, in an extensive or intensive system. Total lipid content was influenced by the location and time of year (p < 0.05). Ninety-six male water buffaloes were used (12 per sampling period), aged between 24 and 36 months, with average weights of 432 kg (end of the rainy season) and 409 kg (end of the dry season). Total cholesterol, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol influenced the relationship between extensive vs intensive ecosystems, location, periods and the interaction between the location and period of the year (p < 0.05). Animals raised in a pasture ecosystem had the highest values of omega-3, and those raised in confinement, the highest values of omega-6 (p < 0.05). The proportions of n-6/n-3 and hypocholesterolemia (7.14) and hypercholesterolemia (3.08%) (h/H) were found in greater amounts in animals raised in confinement (p < 0.05). The atherogenic index (AI) had a higher value in the rainy season, in animals raised in Santarém (2.37%), with no difference between pasture and feedlot ecosystems, except in animals raised in the rainy season in Nova Timboteua, with a lower AI (1.53%). The thrombogenicity index (TI) was higher in the livers of confined animals (0.32%) and lower (0.18%) in those raised in Nova Timboteua (rainy season). Amazonian ecosystems influence the nutritional values of buffalo liver, with the best nutritional values in animals in the extensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurena Silva Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - Jamile Andrea Rodrigues da Silva
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil; (J.A.R.d.S.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - José de Brito Lourenço-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - André Guimarães Maciel e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - Thomaz Cyro Guimarães de Carvalho Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science (PPGCAN), Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Para (UFPA), Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil; (L.S.R.); (J.d.B.L.-J.); (A.G.M.e.S.); (T.C.G.d.C.R.)
| | - Welligton Conceição da Silva
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil; (J.A.R.d.S.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Thiago Carvalho da Silva
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of the Amazônia (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil; (J.A.R.d.S.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Vinicius Costa Gomes de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon (PPGSPAA), Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belem 66077-830, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Mateus Alfaia
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - André Martinho de Almeida
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - José António Mestre Prates
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.A.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Kostusiak P, Slósarz J, Gołębiewski M, Sakowski T, Puppel K. Relationship between Beef Quality and Bull Breed. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2603. [PMID: 37627394 PMCID: PMC10451190 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The beef industry in Poland heavily relies on the Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) breed, known for its primary use in dairy production, but which also contributes significantly to the beef supply. In contrast, the Limousine (LM), Hereford (HH), and Charolaise (CH) breeds have gained popularity due to their ideal specialized characteristics for beef production. As PHF continues to dominate the beef market, a thorough comparison of its beef quality and nutritional attributes with the three most popular beef breeds in Poland is essential. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by conducting a rigorous comparison. The experiment was carried out on the beef from 67 bulls kept in a free-stall system with standardized feeding. The highest total antioxidant status (TAS) was found in CH and was 147.5% higher than that in PHF. Also, compared with PHF, a large difference of 70% was observed in LM, while in HH it was only 6.25%. For degree of antioxidant potential (DAP), the highest concentration was found in LM, while CH had a slightly lower score than LM. PHF had the lowest scores for each of the analyzed parameters of protein fraction. For anserine, taurine, creatinine, and creatine content, the highest results were found for LM. For carnosine and coenzyme Q10, the highest values were found for CH. Overall, these results highlight the impact of maturity and breed on carcass composition and quality. Late-maturing breeds, such as LM and CH, tend to exhibit leaner carcasses with superior fatty acid profiles and antioxidant properties. This knowledge is valuable for producers, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding breed selection and production strategies to meet specific market demands for beef with the desired composition and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kostusiak
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Jan Slósarz
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Tomasz Sakowski
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Jastrzębiec, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland;
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.S.); (M.G.)
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