Inhibitory Effect of Isopanduratin A on Adipogenesis: A Study of Possible Mechanisms

Anti-Obesity Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus DS0079 (YBS1) by Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation through Regulation of p38 MAPK/PPARγ Signaling

Obesity is spawned by an inequality between the portion of energy consumed and the quantity of energy expended. Disease entities such as cardiovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and cancer, which are correlated with obesity, influence society and the economy. Suppression of adipogenesis, the process of white adipocyte generation, remains a promising approach for treating obesity. Oil Red O staining was used to differentiate 3T3-L1 cells for screening 20 distinct Lactobacillus species. Among these, Lactobacillus acidophilus DS0079, referred to as YBS1, was selected for further study. YBS1 therapy decreased 3T3-L1 cell development. Triglyceride accumulation and mRNA expression of the primary adipogenic marker, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), including its downstream target genes, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 and adiponectin, were almost eliminated. YBS1 inhibited adipocyte differentiation at the early stage (days 0-2), but no significant difference was noted between the mid-stage (days 2-4) and late-stage (days 4-6) development. YBS1 stimulated the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) during the early stages of adipogenesis; however, this effect was eliminated by the SB203580 inhibitor. The data showed that YBS1 administration inhibited the initial development of adipocytes via stimulation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, which in turn controlled PPARγ expression. In summary, YBS1 has potential efficacy as an anti-obesity supplement and requires further exploration.

Potential Lipolytic Effect of Panduratin A Loaded Microspicule Serum as a Transdermal Delivery Approach for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction

Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf contained a potent anti-obesity agent. The objectives of this study were to investigate the anti-adipogenesis and lipolysis effects of panduratin A from B. rotunda extract and develop extract-loaded lipolytic body microspicule (MS) serum. Panduratin A that was separated from the ethanolic extract of B. rotunda in fraction 3 (BP-3) were studied the bioactivity of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. The extract-loaded MS serum was formulated and evaluated for safety and efficacy. The BP-3 extract containing panduratin A at 0.29 g per g of the extract was not toxic to the cells at concentrations lower than 10 µg/mL, and the antiadipogenesis and lipolysis effects of the BP-3 extract were strong at 10 µg/mL. To deliver bioactive panduratin A into and through the skin, MS serum was successfully formulated. Application of BP-3 extract-loaded MS serum to the human thigh for 14 d reduced the thigh circumference and increased skin hydration and firmness. Although the skin erythema was increased, no severe redness or pain was found. In conclusion, BP-3 extract acts as a potent bioactive compound to inhibit adipocyte cells, and the antiadipogenesis and lipolysis effects of BP-3 extract in MS serum might play an important role as a potential lipolytic body product for reducing human subcutaneous fat mass.