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Hou S, Zhang D, Yu D, Li H, Xu Y, Wang W, Li R, Feng C, Meng J, Xu L, Cheng Y, Chang M, Geng X. Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Quality of Oudemansiella raphanipes. Foods 2024; 13:1087. [PMID: 38611391 PMCID: PMC11011357 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used fresh Oudemansiella raphanipes as raw materials and pre-treated through hot air drying (HD), infrared radiation drying (ID), and vacuum freeze drying (VD) to investigate the effects of different drying methods on the rehydration rate, appearance quality, microstructure, and volatile flavor components of the dried products, as well as to determine the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of the polysaccharides in the dried O. raphanipes. The results showed that the VD O. raphanipes had the highest rehydration rate and the least shrinkage in appearance, and it better maintained the original color of the gills, but their aroma was not as strong as that of the HD samples. The scanning electron microscopy results indicate that VD maintains a good porous structure in the tissue, while HD and ID exhibit varying degrees of shrinkage and collapse. Seventy-five common volatile substances were detected in the three dried samples, mainly alkanes, alcohols, and esters. The polysaccharides (PS-H, PS-I, and PS-V) extracted from the dried samples of these three species of O. raphanipes had similar infrared spectral features, indicating that their structures are basically consistent. The highest yield was obtained for PS-V, and the polysaccharide content and glucuronic acid content of PS-I were higher than those of the remaining two polysaccharides. In addition, PS-V also showed better antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase as well as α-amylase. In conclusion, among the above three drying methods, the quality of O. raphanipes obtained by vacuum freeze drying is the best, and this experiment provides a theoretical basis for the selection of drying methods for O. raphanipes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Defang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Dongmei Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Hao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Yaping Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Wuxia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Ruiting Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Cuiping Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Junlong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
- Shanxi Edible Fungi Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Lijing Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Mingchang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
- Shanxi Edible Fungi Engineering Technology Research Center, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xueran Geng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (S.H.); (D.Z.); (D.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (W.W.); (R.L.); (C.F.); (J.M.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (X.G.)
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi for Loess Plateau, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Guo Y, Zhao J, Wei H, Gao Q, Song S, Fan Y, Yan D, Liu Y, Wang S. Disentangling the Tissue-Specific Variations of Volatile Flavor Profiles of the Lentinula edodes Fruiting Body. Foods 2023; 13:86. [PMID: 38201114 PMCID: PMC10778291 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
For Lentinula edodes, its characteristic flavor is the key determinant for consumer preferences. However, the tissue-specific volatile flavor variations of the fruiting body have been overlooked. Here, we comprehensively investigated the volatile flavor profiles of different tissues, including the pileus skin, context, gill, and stipe of the fruiting body, of two widely cultivated L. edodes strains (T2 and 0912) using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique combined with a multivariate analysis. We show that the eight-carbon and sulfur compounds, which represented 43.2-78.0% and 1.4-42.9% of the total volatile emissions for strains 0912 and T2, respectively, dominated their volatile profiles. Compared with strain T2, strain 0912 had a higher total content of eight-carbon compounds but a lower total content of sulfur compounds in the fruiting body. The sulfur compounds represented 32.2% and 42.9% of the total volatile emissions for strains 0912 and T2, respectively. In contrast, they constituted only 1.4% in the stipes of strain 0912 and 9.0% in the skin of strain T2. The proportions of the predominant C8 compounds (1-octen-3-one, 1-octen-3-ol, and 3-octanone) and sulfur compounds (lenthionine, 1,2,4-trithiolane, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide) changed depending on the tissues and strains. Using machine learning, we show that the prediction accuracy for different strains and tissues using their volatile profiles could reach 100% based on the highly diverse strain- and tissue-derived volatile variations. Our results reveal and highlight for the first time the comprehensive tissue-specific volatile flavor variations of the L. edodes fruiting body. These findings underscore the significance of considering strain and tissue differences as pivotal variables when aiming to develop products with volatile flavor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (Y.G.); (Q.G.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Huixian Wei
- College of Agriculture and Food Engineering, Baise University, Baise 533000, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (Y.G.); (Q.G.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuang Song
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (Y.G.); (Q.G.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (Y.G.); (Q.G.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Yan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (Y.G.); (Q.G.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (Y.G.); (Q.G.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (Y.G.); (Q.G.); (S.S.); (Y.F.); (D.Y.); (Y.L.)
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