Effects of Synbiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium breve, and Prebiotics on the Growth Stimulation of Beneficial Gut Microbiota

Identification of novel probiotic lactic acid bacteria from soymilk waste using the 16s rRNA gene for potential use in poultry

Background and Aim

In-feed antibiotics have been used as antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to enhance the genetic potential of poultry. However, the long-term use of AGPs is known to lead to bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in poultry meat and eggs. To address these concerns, alternatives to AGPs are needed, one of which is probiotics, which can promote the health of livestock without having any negative effects. In vitro probiotic screening was performed to determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from soymilk waste to be used as a probiotic for livestock.

Materials and Methods

Four LAB isolates (designated F4, F6, F9, and F11) isolated from soymilk waste were used in this study. In vitro testing was performed on LAB isolates to determine their resistance to temperatures of 42°C, acidic pH, bile salts, hydrophobicity to the intestine, and ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. A promising isolate was identified using the 16S rRNA gene.

Result

All LAB isolates used in this study have the potential to be used as probiotics. On the basis of the results of in vitro testing, all isolates showed resistance to temperatures of 42°C and low pH (2.5) for 3 h (79.87%-94.44%) and 6 h (76.29%-83.39%), respectively. The survival rate at a bile salt concentration of 0.3% ranged from 73.24% to 90.39%, whereas the survival rate at a bile salt concentration of 0.5% ranged from 56.28% to 81.96%. All isolates showed the ability to attach and colonize the digestive tract with a hydrophobicity of 87.58%-91.88%. Inhibitory zones of LAB against pathogens ranged from 4.80-15.15 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 8.85-14.50 mm against Salmonella enteritidis, and 6.75-22.25 mm against Escherichia coli. Although all isolates showed good ability as probiotics, isolate F4 showed the best probiotic ability. This isolate was identified as Lactobacillus casei strain T22 (JQ412731.1) using the 16S rRNA gene.

Conclusion

All isolates in this study have the potential to be used as probiotics. However, isolate F4 has the best probiotic properties and is considered to be the most promising novel probiotic for poultry.

Banana Peel (Musa ABB cv. Nam Wa Mali-Ong) as a Source of Value-Adding Components and the Functional Properties of Its Bioactive Ingredients

Banana peel (BP) is the primary by-product generated during banana processing which causes numerous environmental issues. This study examines the physical attributes, proximate analysis, glycoarray profiling, antioxidant abilities, and prebiotic activity of BP. The analysis demonstrated that carbohydrates constituted the primary components of BP and the glycoarray profiling indicated that BP contains multiple pectin and hemicellulose structures. BP also contained phenolic compounds, including (+)-catechin and gallic acid, flavonoid compounds, and antioxidant activities. BP demonstrated prebiotic effects by promoting the proliferation of advantageous gut bacteria while inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria. The prebiotic index scores demonstrated that BP exhibited a greater capacity to promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in comparison to regular sugar. The study demonstrated the potential of the BP as a valuable source of dietary fibre, bioactive compounds, and prebiotics. These components have beneficial characteristics and can be utilised in the production of food, feed additives, and functional food.

Gut Microbiota-Gut Metabolites and Clostridioides difficile Infection: Approaching Sustainable Solutions for Therapy

Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is the most common hospital-acquired infection. With the combination of a high rate of antibiotic resistance and recurrence, it has proven to be a debilitating public health threat. Current treatments for CDI include antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, which contribute to recurrent CDIs and potential risks. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop new preventative treatment strategies for CDI. Notably, gut microbiota dysbiosis is the primary risk factor for CDI and provides a promising target for developing novel CDI therapy approaches. Along with gut microbiota dysbiosis, a reduction in important gut metabolites like secondary bile acids and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also seen in patients suffering from CDI. In this review study, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived gut metabolites, especially secondary bile acids and SCFAs in CDI pathogenesis. Moreover, specific signatures of gut microbiota and gut metabolites, as well as different factors that can modulate the gut microbiota, were also discussed, indicating that gut microbiota modulators like probiotics and prebiotics can be a potential therapeutic strategy for CDI as they can help restore gut microbiota and produce gut metabolites necessary for a healthy gut. The understanding of the associations between gut microbiota-gut metabolites and CDI will allow for developing precise and sustainable approaches, distinct from antibiotics and fecal transplant, for mitigating CDI and other gut microbiota dysbiosis-related diseases.