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Windarsih A, Abu Bakar NK, Rohman A, Yuliana ND, Dachriyanus D. Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and chemometrics for analysis of non-halal meats adulteration in beef meat. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:918-928. [PMID: 38228131 PMCID: PMC11065716 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adulteration of raw beef (BMr) with dog meat (DMr) and pork (PMr) becomes a serious problem because it is associated with halal status, quality, and safety of meats. This research aimed to develop an effective authentication method to detect non-halal meats (dog meat and pork) in beef using metabolomics approach. METHODS Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) using untargeted approach combined with chemometrics was applied for analysis non-halal meats in BMr. RESULTS The untargeted metabolomics approach successfully identified various metabolites in BMr DMr, PMr, and their mixtures. The discrimination and classification between authentic BMr and those adulterated with DMr and PMr were successfully determined using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. All BMr samples containing non-halal meats could be differentiated from authentic BMr. A number of discriminating metabolites with potential as biomarkers to discriminate BMr in the mixtures with DMr and PMr could be identified from the analysis of variable importance for projection value. Partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression using discriminating metabolites showed high accuracy (R2>0.990) and high precision (both RMSEC and RMSEE <5%) in predicting the concentration of DMr and PMr present in beef indicating that the discriminating metabolites were good predictors. The developed untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics successfully identified non-halal meats adulteration (DMr and PMr) in beef with high sensitivity up to 0.1% (w/w). CONCLUSION A combination of LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomic and chemometrics promises to be an effective analytical technique for halal authenticity testing of meats. This method could be further standardized and proposed as a method for halal authentication of meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Windarsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861,
Indonesia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603,
Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUIPT-IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281,
Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680,
Indonesia
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2
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Windarsih A, Bakar NKA, Rohman A, Erwanto Y. Analysis of dog meat adulteration in beef meatballs using non-targeted UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS metabolomics and chemometrics for halal authentication study. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:385-397. [PMID: 38095741 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the different price and high quality, halal meat such as beef can be adulterated with non-halal meat with low price to get an economical price. The objective of this research was to develop an analytical method for halal authentication testing of beef meatballs (BM) from dog meat (DM) using a non-targeted metabolomics approach employing liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics. The differentiation of authentic BM from that adulterated with DM was successfully performed using partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy (R2X = 0.980, and R2Y = 0.980) and good predictivity (Q2 = 0.517). In addition, partial least square (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) were successfully used to predict the DM added (% w/w) in BM with high accuracy (R2 > 0.990). A number of metabolites, potential for biomarker candidates, were identified to differentiate BM and that adulterated with DM. It showed that the combination of a non-targeted LC-HRMS Orbitrap metabolomics and chemometrics could detect up to 0.1% w/w of DM adulteration. The developed method was successfully applied for analysis of commercial meatball samples (n = 28). Moreover, pathway analysis revealed that beta-alanine, histidine, and ether lipid metabolism were significantly affected by dog meat adulteration. In summary, this developed method has great potential to be developed and used as an alternative method for analysis of non-halal meats in halal meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Windarsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, 55861, Indonesia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUI-PT IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Yuny Erwanto
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUI-PT IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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3
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Esposito L, Mastrocola D, Martuscelli M. Who Cares about Biogenic Amines? Foods 2023; 12:3900. [PMID: 37959019 PMCID: PMC10648416 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) have been under study since the early 1970s [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Martuscelli
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (L.E.); (D.M.)
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4
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Windarsih A, Bakar NKA, Dachriyanus, Yuliana ND, Riswanto FDO, Rohman A. Analysis of Pork in Beef Sausages Using LC-Orbitrap HRMS Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Chemometrics for Halal Authentication Study. Molecules 2023; 28:5964. [PMID: 37630216 PMCID: PMC10459517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef sausage (BS) is one of the most favored meat products due to its nutrition and good taste. However, for economic purposes, BS is often adulterated with pork by unethical players. Pork consumption is strictly prohibited for religions including Islam and Judaism. Therefore, advanced detection methods are highly required to warrant the halal authenticity of BS. This research aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method to determine the halal authenticity of BS using an untargeted metabolomics approach. LC-HRMS was capable of detecting various metabolites in BS and BS containing pork. The presence of pork in BS could be differentiated using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with high accuracy. PLS-DA perfectly classified authentic BS and BS containing pork in all concentration levels of pork with R2X = (0.821), R2Y(= 0.984), and Q2 = (0.795). The level of pork in BS was successfully predicted through partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) chemometrics. Both models gave high R2 (>0.99) actual and predicted values as well as few errors, indicating good accuracy and precision. Identification of discriminating metabolites' potential as biomarker candidates through variable importance for projections (VIP) value revealed metabolites of 2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine, 8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid, D-(+)-galactose, oleamide, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoylcarnitine, arachidonic acid, and α-eleostearic acid as good indicators to detect pork. It can be concluded that LC-HRMS metabolomics combined with PCA, PLS-DA, PLS, and OPLS was successfully used to detect pork adulteration in beef sausages. The results imply that LC-HRMS untargeted metabolomics in combination with chemometrics is a promising alternative as an analytical technique to detect pork in sausage products. Further analysis of larger samples is required to warrant the reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Windarsih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.W.); (N.K.A.B.)
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.W.); (N.K.A.B.)
| | - Dachriyanus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Padang 25175, Indonesia;
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
- Halal Science Center, IPB University, Bogor 16129, Indonesia
| | - Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus III Paingan, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia;
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (PUIPT-IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Hossain MM, Zainal Abidin SAS, Bujang A, Taib MN, Sagadevan S, Johan MR, Ahmad Nizar NN. TaqMan multiplex qPCR for detecting animal species in meat and meat products: Development, recent advances and future prospects. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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6
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Xu Z, Chang J, Zhou J, Shi Y, Chen H, Han L, Tu M, Li T. Characterization and Mechanism of Tea Polyphenols Inhibiting Biogenic Amine Accumulation in Marinated Spanish Mackerel. Foods 2023; 12:2347. [PMID: 37372558 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Putrescine is a low-molecular-weight organic compound that is widely found in pickled foods. Although the intake of biogenic amines is beneficial to humans, an excessive intake can cause discomfort. In this study, the ornithine decarboxylase gene (ODC) was involved in putrescine biosynthesis. After cloning, expression and functional verification, it was induced and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The relative molecular mass of the recombinant soluble ODC protein was 14.87 kDa. The function of ornithine decarboxylase was analyzed by determining the amino acid and putrescine content. The results show that the ODC protein could catalyze the decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine. Then, the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme was used as a receptor for the virtual screening of inhibitors. The binding energy of tea polyphenol ligands to the receptor was the highest at -7.2 kcal mol-1. Therefore, tea polyphenols were added to marinated fish to monitor the changes in putrescine content and were found to significantly inhibit putrescine production (p < 0.05). This study lays the foundation for further research on the enzymatic properties of ODC and provides insight into an effective inhibitor for controlling the putrescine content in pickled fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Jiale Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Lingyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116029, China
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7
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Mohamed MA, Kassem GM, Zahran DA, Emara MT, Mansour N. Impact of mechanically recovered poultry meat (MRPM) on proximate analysis and mineral profile of traditional Egyptian luncheon. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Esposito L, Mastrocola D, Martuscelli M. Approaching to biogenic amines as quality markers in packaged chicken meat. Front Nutr 2022; 9:966790. [PMID: 36118774 PMCID: PMC9479628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.966790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the chicken meat quality decay remains a tricky procedure. On one hand, food companies need of fast and affordable methods to keep constant higher sensory and safety standards, on the other hand, food scientists and operators find difficult conjugating these exigencies by means of univocal parameters. Food quality definition itself is, in fact, a multi-layered and composite concept in which many features play a part. Thus, here we propose an index that relies on biogenic amines (BAs) evolution. These compounds may indirectly inform about microbial contamination and wrong management, production, and storage conditions of meat and meat products. In this study, three cuts of chicken meat (breast filets, drumsticks, and legs) packed under modified atmosphere, under vacuum, and in air-packaging, stored at +4°C (until to 15 days), were analyzed. Some BAs were combined in an index (BAI) and their evolution was followed. The Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Species assay (TBARS) was also used as a common reference method. Generally, BAI may better identify the beginning of quality impairment than lipid oxidation spreading. ANOVA statistical analysis has highlighted that the storage time is anyway the most detrimental factor for chicken decay when it is stored in refrigerated rooms (p > 0.01). Despite TBARS still remains a powerful tool for chicken goods, its exclusive use may not be enough to explain quality loss. On the contrary, BAI implementation in fresh meat can give a more complete information combining food safety exigencies with sensory attributes.
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9
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Windarsih A, Warmiko HD, Indrianingsih AW, Rohman A, Ulumuddin YI. Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics approach using liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry to detect pork adulteration in Pangasius hypopthalmus meat. Food Chem 2022; 386:132856. [PMID: 35367799 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pangasius hypopthalmus is well known as a good source of protein. However, Pangasius hypopthalmus meat (PHM) can be adulterated with pork for economic concern, thus, analytical methods for authentication are required. Untargeted metabolomics and proteomics using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was successfully used to differentiate authentic and adulterated PHM with the good of fitness (R > 0.95) and good of predictivity (Q > 0.5). Metabolites of PC(o-18:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)) was found to be a potential marker for pork whereas DMPC (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) was a potential marker for PHM. Meanwhile, pork peptide marker of myoglobin (HPGDFGADAQGAMSK) and β-hemoglobin (FFESFGDLSNADAVMGNPK) could be identified. Both metabolomics and proteomics using LC-HRMS could detect pork at the lowest concentration level (0.5% w/w). In conclusion, untargeted metabolomics and proteomics using LC-HRMS in combination with chemometrics could be used as powerful methods to detect pork adulteration in fish meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjar Windarsih
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia.
| | - Hendy Dwi Warmiko
- PT. Genecraft Labs, Thermo Scientific Division, Jakarta 11620, Indonesia
| | - Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Center of Excellence Institute for Halal Industry and Systems (IHIS), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Yaya Ihya Ulumuddin
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 14430, Indonesia
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10
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Nurani LH, Riswanto FDO, Windarsih A, Edityaningrum CA, Guntarti A, Rohman A. Use of chromatographic-based techniques and chemometrics for halal authentication of food products: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2082468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laela Hayu Nurani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Florentinus Dika Octa Riswanto
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus III Paingan, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anjar Windarsih
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Any Guntarti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Rohman
- Center of Excellence, Institute for Halal Industry and Systems, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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11
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Schirone M, Esposito L, D’Onofrio F, Visciano P, Martuscelli M, Mastrocola D, Paparella A. Biogenic Amines in Meat and Meat Products: A Review of the Science and Future Perspectives. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060788. [PMID: 35327210 PMCID: PMC8947279 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) can be found in a wide range of meat and meat products, where they are important as an index for product stability and quality, but also for their impact on public health. This review analyzes the scientific evidence gathered so far on the presence and role of biogenic amines in meat and meat products, also considering the effect of technological conditions on BAs accumulation or decrease. The data provided can be useful for developing solutions to control BAs formation during the shelf-life, for example by novel starters for dry cured products, as well as by packaging technologies and materials for fresh meats. Further research, whose trends are reviewed in this paper, will fill the knowledge gaps, and allow us to protect such perishable products along the distribution chain and in the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pierina Visciano
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (M.M.); Tel.: +39-0861-266911 (P.V. & M.M.)
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12
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Chaora NS, Khanyile KS, Magwedere K, Pierneef R, Tabit FT, Muchadeyi FC. A 16S Next Generation Sequencing Based Molecular and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Identify Processed Meat Products Contamination and Mislabelling. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040416. [PMID: 35203124 PMCID: PMC8868451 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Meat adulteration and fraud encompasses the deliberate fraudulent addition or substitution of proteins of animal or plant origin in edible products primarily for economic gain. The mitochondrial 16S ribosomal (rRNA) gene was used to identify species that are present in pure and processed meat samples. The meat samples were sequenced using an Illumina sequencing platform, and bioinformatics analysis was carried out for species identification. The results indicated that pork was the major contaminant in most of the meat samples. The bioinformatics pipeline demonstrated its specificity through identification of species specific and quantification of the contamination levels across all samples. Food business operators and regulatory sectors can validate this method for food fraud checks and manage any form of mislabeling in the animal or plant protein food ecosystem. Abstract Processed meat is a target in meat adulteration for economic gain. This study demonstrates a molecular and bioinformatics diagnostic pipeline, utilizing the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, to determine processed meat product mislabeling through Next-Generation Sequencing. Nine pure meat samples were collected and artificially mixed at different ratios to verify the specificity and sensitivity of the pipeline. Processed meat products (n = 155), namely, minced meat, biltong, burger patties, and sausages, were collected across South Africa. Sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Each sample had paired-end reads with a length of ±300 bp. Quality control and filtering was performed using BBDuk (version 37.90a). Each sample had an average of 134,000 reads aligned to the mitochondrial genomes using BBMap v37.90. All species in the artificial DNA mixtures were detected. Processed meat samples had reads that mapped to the Bos (90% and above) genus, with traces of reads mapping to Sus and Ovis (2–5%) genus. Sausage samples showed the highest level of contamination with 46% of the samples having mixtures of beef, pork, or mutton in one sample. This method can be used to authenticate meat products, investigate, and manage any form of mislabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyaradzo Stella Chaora
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Rooderpoort 1709, South Africa; (N.S.C.); (F.T.T.)
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (K.S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Khulekani Sedwell Khanyile
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (K.S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Kudakwashe Magwedere
- Directorate of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
| | - Rian Pierneef
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (K.S.K.); (R.P.)
| | - Frederick Tawi Tabit
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Rooderpoort 1709, South Africa; (N.S.C.); (F.T.T.)
| | - Farai Catherine Muchadeyi
- Biotechnology Platform, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X 05, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (K.S.K.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Technological Parameters, Anti- Listeria Activity, Biogenic Amines Formation and Degradation Ability of L. plantarum Strains Isolated from Sheep-Fermented Sausage. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091895. [PMID: 34576790 PMCID: PMC8470431 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify and characterize, from a technological and safety point of view, the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional sheep-fermented sausage. First, LABs were identified then were screened for some technological parameters such as acidifying and growth ability, proteolytic and lipolytic activity and for antimicrobial activity. Finally, biogenic amine production and degradation abilities were also evaluated. This research reveals the predominance of Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum on LAB community. Almost all L. plantarum strains were active against Listeria monocytogenes strains (inhibition zone diameters > 1 cm). None of the tested strains were positive in histidine (hdcA), lysine (ldc) and tyrosine (tyrdc) decarboxylase genes and only one (L. plantarum PT9-2) was positive to the agmatine deiminase (agdi) gene. Furthermore, given the positive results of the sufl (multi-copper oxidase) gene detection, all strains showed a potential degradation ability of biogenic amines.
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Sausages: Nutrition, Safety, Processing and Quality Improvement. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040890. [PMID: 33921562 PMCID: PMC8073304 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sausages are one of the oldest processed foods known to man [...].
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Detection of Meat Adulteration Using Spectroscopy-Based Sensors. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040861. [PMID: 33920872 PMCID: PMC8071343 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minced meat is a vulnerable to adulteration food commodity because species- and/or tissue-specific morphological characteristics cannot be easily identified. Hence, the economically motivated adulteration of minced meat is rather likely to be practiced. The objective of this work was to assess the potential of spectroscopy-based sensors in detecting fraudulent minced meat substitution, specifically of (i) beef with bovine offal and (ii) pork with chicken (and vice versa) both in fresh and frozen-thawed samples. For each case, meat pieces were minced and mixed so that different levels of adulteration with a 25% increment were achieved while two categories of pure meat also were considered. From each level of adulteration, six different samples were prepared. In total, 120 samples were subjected to visible (Vis) and fluorescence (Fluo) spectra and multispectral image (MSI) acquisition. Support Vector Machine classification models were developed and evaluated. The MSI-based models outperformed the ones based on the other sensors with accuracy scores varying from 87% to 100%. The Vis-based models followed in terms of accuracy with attained scores varying from 57% to 97% while the lowest performance was demonstrated by the Fluo-based models. Overall, spectroscopic data hold a considerable potential for the detection and quantification of minced meat adulteration, which, however, appears to be sensor-specific.
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Lin L, Zheng Y, Huang H, Zhuang F, Chen H, Zha G, Yang P, Wang Z, Kong M, Wei H, Zou X, Lin M. A visual method to detect meat adulteration by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick. Food Chem 2021; 354:129526. [PMID: 33735694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Determining the animal source in meat and meat products is crucial to prevent meat adulteration and fraud. Conventional methods require considerable operator skills, expensive instruments and are unable to provide fast mobile on-site detection systems to detect contamination of meat products. We developed a visual method based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) to identify beef (Bos taurus), sheep (Ovis aries), pork (Sus scrofa), duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and chicken (Gallus gallus). The reaction was completed within 20 min. The results were determined by the naked eye. The detection limits of the RPA-LFD assays for duck, beef, sheep, chicken and pork were 101/µL, 102/µL, 102/µL, 101/µL and 101/µL, respectively. Furthermore, the RPA-LFD assays could differentiate species in boiled, microwaved, pressure-cooked or fried samples. These RPA-LFD assays represent a rapid, mobile detection system for determining meat product contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fenluan Zhuang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huixia Chen
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guangcai Zha
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peikui Yang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhonghe Wang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meilan Kong
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huagui Wei
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianghui Zou
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Biogenic Amines' Content in Safe and Quality Food. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010100. [PMID: 33418895 PMCID: PMC7825060 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs) are bioactive compounds distributed in foods of all origins. Apart from their fundamental role in many body functions, great interest is recently being focused on their toxicological potential, and many pieces of research are being carried out to understand their occurrence related to both desired and undesired fermentative phenomena, chemical spoilage, low hygienic conditions, wrong handling, and criticism about technological factors of process and storage conditions. All these causes can contribute to a higher content of them in food, particularly of those hazardous to human health. This editorial has the purpose to collect works looking for new tools to limit the over-production of BAs' in food, see new food sources of them, and mainly to switch on a spotlight between the concept of safe food and BAs' content.
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